Okahao | |
|---|---|
  Okahao | |
| Coordinates:17°53′S15°6′E / 17.883°S 15.100°E /-17.883; 15.100 | |
| Country |  Namibia |
| Region | Omusati Region |
| Constituency | Okahao Constituency |
| Population (2023)[1] | |
• Total | 7,486 |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Climate | BSh |
Okahao is atown in theOmusati Region of northernNamibia and the district capital of theOkahao electoral constituency which is the largest constituency in Omusati region in terms of area. It is a formermission station of theFinnish Missionary Society. Okahao had a population of 7,486 people in 2023.
It is situated in the Ongandjera tribal area 73 kilometres (45 mi) west ofOshakati on the main road MR123 (Outapi —Tsandi — Okahao).
The area around Okahao is flat, arable land which is mainly used forsubsistence farming. Okahao is the largest town in theOngandjera tribal area, the birthplace of Namibia's founding presidentSam Nujoma. The language spoken there is mainly the Oshiwambo dialect Oshingadjera.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 1,833 | — |
| 2023 | 7,486 | +12.44% |
| Source:[1] | ||
When the first Finnishmissionaries had arrived toOmandongo inOvamboland on 9 July 1870, they immediately took measures aiming at establishing a missionary presence in two other tribal areas also, that is, inUukwambi andOngandjera. Already four days later,Pietari Kurvinen,Martti Rautanen,Karl August Weikkolin andAntti Piirainen, left for Uukwambi, to the court of KingNayuma, where they arrived on July 16. And still within the same month, Rautanen rode on an ox to visit KingTsheya of Ongandjera.
The Finns wanted to establish a mission station in Ongandjera, butCarl Hugo Hahn of theRhenish Mission wanted to have a permission for this undertaking from the board of directors of the Finnish Missionary Society. The matter was put off until the following year, when Rautanen was able to visit Ongandjera in the month of May, with the king receiving him in a friendly manner.
Rautanen gave the new mission station the name Rehoboth.Heinrich Kleinschmidt, the father of Rautanen's fiancéeFrieda Kleinschmidtin had earlier giventhe same name to a mission station he had founded inNamaland. By the end of July, Rautanen had built a house for the mission station, andTobias Reijonen, a new arrival that year, joined him there at the time.
The daily life in Ongandjera was difficult for them, since they had few European provisions, and few goods with which to exchange grain from the local people.
The rainy season of 1871–72 was difficult for Rautanen and Reijonen, as they both fell ill withtyphoid fever. Their servant boy, who was superstitious, ran away, but finally they were able to convince another boy to take a letter to Uukwambi, andPietari Kurvinen, accompanied with his wife, came to help them. They took with them Reijonen, who was more seriously ill, and left Rautanen in Ongandjera. When he had recovered sufficiently, he left the mission station in the care of Reijonen andKarl August Weikkolin and went toHereroland, where he married Frieda Kleinschmid, before going toWalvis Bay, where he convalesced from his illness.[2]
While Rautanen was gone, Reijonen and Weikkolin had a conflict with the king. The latter had borrowed a ladder from the Finns, and when Reijonen demanded to have it back, the king ordered the Finns the leave his kingdom. Peltola says that the Owambo concept of king's powers and the European concept of private ownership were at odds here, but it is also likely that the Finns were lacking skills indiplomacy as well.
Rautanen heard about this incident already in Hereroland, and he therefore travelled directly to Ongandjera. A short note on the table at the mission station house told him what the situation was. Now Rautanen's chances of working in this tribe were limited to what he could do with his servants. Furthermore, Frieda Rautanen fell ill withmalaria, and Martti was afraid she would die of this disease. However, she recovered, and they subsequently left forOndonga.
King Tsheya would have wanted Rautanen back, and even together with another Finnish brother, but issued such conditions for the latter that he would in practice have been the king's servant. The missionaries discussed this situation amongst themselves in May 1873, but the result was that they decided to give up work in Ongandjera. In August, Rautanen went there to collect his belongings.[3]
In the 1890s, both theRhenish Mission and theCatholic Church wanted to begin missionary work in Ongandjera, but the Finns were opposed to this, and nothing came of the Germans’ plans. However, the Rhenish Mission wanted to make sure that the Catholics would not come to Ongandjera, and they therefore asked the Finns to begin work there again. After some negotiations between the Finns and the Germans, it was decided to establish a joint Finnish-German station in Ongandjera, but the board of directors of the Finnish Missionary Society did not agree to this. Furthermore, the raids of the King Nebumbo of Uukwambi to the other tribes would have made it very difficult for Europeans to work in Ongandjera. Thus, nothing came of these plans at this time.[4]
In July 1903,Emil Liljeblad was sent to Ongandjera, and in September the same yearHeikki Saari was sent to accompany him there. The new station was built four kilometres from the old one, in a place called Nakeke, which was about half a kilometre from the court of King Tshaanika.
However, Nakeke soon turned out to be a bad place, as during the dry season it was not possible to obtain water anywhere near it. Thus in 1908, Saari build a new station very close to the old site of Rehoboth, and this name was used for the new mission station.[5]
In 1924, the Roman Catholics were given a permission to start work in Ongandjera, but for a long time they did not even meet them. The South West African Administrator's Office had declared that in the future, the Finns would be allowed to work inOndonga only, whileOukwanyama would be given theAnglicans, and Uukwambi and Ongandjera would be given to the Catholics. However, in practice the Finns went on to work among all these tribes.[6]
In 1947, the Finns founded the first women's seminary of Ovamboland in Ongandjera. Women had earlier been trained together with men at theOniipa seminary, but due disciplinary problems there, the Finns had decided to establish a women's institution in Ongandjera.[7]
By the 1960s the mission station was called Okahao.
Okahao has an east/west, unpaved, undeveloped airstrip of 1,020 metres (3,346 ft) length[8] (ICAO code: FYOH,[9]IATA code: none), a clinic, and two hospitals.[citation needed]
Okahao has two secondary schools namely Shaanika Nashilongo SS andNiilo Taapopi SS(Etalaleko SS), one combined school (Nangombe Combined School), one primary school (Okahao Primary School), and more than three private school. There is also theOkahao community library, a police station and a prison. Several ministries have representation in the town such as the Ministry of Youth, Ministry of Agricalture, Ministry of Works & Transport etc. It has two malls currently being built as of 2023 the Okahao Town Mall and King Jafet Munkundi Mall.TheOngozi Lodge and Elago Guesthouse caters for tourists[citation needed]. The town of Okahao has two churches, Emmanuel Church Okahao of the pentecostal denomination and ELCIN Okahao Parish of the Lutheran denomination. It has two open markets.
As of November 2009, the mayor of Okahao wasDavid Uuzombala Isai.[10]
Okahao is governed by a town council that has seven seats.[11] Omusati Region, to which Okahao belongs, is a stronghold of Namibia's rulingSWAPO party. In the run up to the2009 general election, campaigners for theRally for Democracy and Progress were driven out of the town by school children.[12] For the2015 local authority election no opposition party nominated a candidate, and SWAPO won uncontested.[13]
SWAPO also won the2020 local authority election. It obtained 391 votes and gained five seats. TheIndependent Patriots for Change (IPC), an opposition party formed in August 2020, obtained 141 votes and gained the remaining two seats.[14]
| Okahao local elections 2020 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | Percentage | Seats | |
| SWAPO | 391 | 73,5% | 5 | |
| Independent Patriots for Change | 141 | 26,5% | 2 | |
| Total | 532 | 100% | 7 | |