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Oda Nobutada | |
|---|---|
織田 信忠 | |
.jpg) Oda Nobutada | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1557 |
| Died | June 21, 1582(1582-06-21) (aged 24–25) Honnōji |
| Relations |
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| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Oda clan |
| Unit | Oda clan |
| Battles/wars | Siege of Odani Castle Sieges of Nagashima Siege of Iwamura Siege of Shigisan Siege of Itami Siege of Takato Battle of Tenmokuzan Honnō-ji Incident |
Oda Nobutada (織田 信忠, 1557 – June 21, 1582) was asamurai and the eldest son ofOda Nobunaga, who fought in many battles during theSengoku period ofJapan. He commanded armies under his father in battles againstMatsunaga Hisahide and against theTakeda clan.
Oda Nobutada was born inOwari Province (尾張国) around 1557 as the eldest son ofOda Nobunaga (織田信長) (the second son if Oda Nobumasa actually exists). His nanny was Jotoku-In, daughter ofTakigawa Kazumasu (滝川一益), who was one of the senior vassals of Oda Nobunaga. There is also a theory that Nobutada was adopted byNohime. His childhood name wasKimyo-Maru (Kimyo means strange in Japanese). He first called himselfOda Kankuro Nobushige (織田勘九郎信重), and later changed toNobutada (織田信忠).
During the Eiroku era, theOda clan came into contact with theTakeda's territory inKai Province (甲斐国) throughMino Province (美濃国), and the daughter ofToyama Naokado (遠山直廉), a warlord (国人) in southeastMino province, became the adopted daughter of Nobunaga and marriedTakeda Katsuyori (武田勝頼), the eldest son ofTakeda Shingen. And then the alliance was formed. According to theKoyo Gunkan, the wife of Katsuyori died in November 1567, and an engagement was established between Nobutada and Takeda Shingen's sixth daughter,Matsuhime, to reinforce the alliance with the Takeda.
Takeda and Oda continued to maintain a friendly relationship, but during the Eiroku era, the Takeda began invading the territory ofTokugawa Ieyasu (徳川家康), an ally of Oda, in the direction ofMikawa (三河国) andTotomi (遠江国). In the 3rd year ofGenki (1572), in response to a call fromYoshiaki Ashikaga, a shogun who had been hostile to Nobunaga, Shingen began invading Oda territory (Operation Seizyo (西上作戦)). The engagement was virtually broken due to Shingen's death and the marriage of Oda Nobutada was canceled. These events contributed to the destruction of theAshikaga shogunate in 1573. After that, the Takeda clan tried to improve the relationship with the Oda clan at the end of Katsuyori's reign, but Nobunaga refused to reconcile.
Nobutada continued to follow Oda Nobunaga, and fought in various places, such as theIshiyama Hongan-ji War (石山戦争), theSiege of Iwamura Castle (岩村城の戦い) in February 1574, and the attack on Ise Nagashima from July to September 1574. In 1577, Nobutada defeatedMatsunaga Hisahide in theSiege of Shigisan. In 1582, he defeatedNishina Morinobu in theSiege of Takato[1] and participated in theBattle of Tenmokuzan againstTakeda Katsuyori.
In May 1575, at thebattle of Nagashino and started his career as the supreme commander of the attack on Iwamura Castle (Siege of Iwamura Castle). He repelled the Takeda army that had attacked the Oda army at night and defeated more than 1,100, and defeated Takeda clan commanderAkiyama Nobutomo to open Iwamura Castle. After that, even in a series of battles with Takeda clan, he would make a big name for himself.
On November 28, 1576, Nobunaga handed over the Oda clan's lord, eastern Mino, and part ofOwari Province, and was entrusted with its control. In addition, the younger brother ofNohime, Saito Toshiharu, became an aide (chief vassal) to Nobutada. In the same year, he was placed under the fifth rank(正五位), and he was appointed to Dewasuke(出羽介) and then Akita Josuke(秋田城介), aiming to become a shogun. Since Yoshiaki Ashikaga was still a shogun, which ordinarily means a general inBingo Province even under the Oda administration, the Oda clan had no choice but to become a shogun. It is also said that this official position was meaningful in opposition to the Uesugi family, who was also the guardian ofEchigo.
In February of the 5th year of Tensho (1577), Nobutada attacked Nakano Castle and captured it, and in March,Suzuki Shigehide (Sonichi Saika) and others surrendered to him . In August, he became the supreme general of the rebellious subjugation ofMatsunaga Hisahide, and commanded generals such asHosokawa Fujitaka andAkechi Mitsuhide, who lead his army, and capturedShigisan Castle, whereMatsunaga Hisahide and his son, Matsunaga Hisamichi barricaded themselves. Due to his achievements, he was ordained to the third rank (従三位) Sakonoefu(左近衛府中将) on October 15. From around this time, he took command of the generals as a general in place of Nobunaga. On December 28, eight types of tea utensils that Nobunaga had were handed over, and on the following day, three more types were handed over.
In 1578,Mori Terumoto, the head of the Mori clan, mobilized a large army of more than 100,000 to recaptureKōzuki Castle inHarima Province. Terumoto himself set up main camp nearTakamatsu castle, and he made his main vassals, such asKobayakawa Takakage, Ukita Tadaie, and the Murakami Navy to deploy to Harima Province andsurround Kōzuki Castle with their army of 61,000 people. Nobunaga also sent Nobutada as supreme general, along withAkechi Mitsuhide,Niwa Nagahide,Takigawa Kazumasu and other generals as reinforcements to rescue Kōzuki Castle.Hideyoshi Hashiba, who issurrounding Miki castle, also came under Nobutada's command, totaling 70,000. 2,000 Oda troops deployed to Harima. However, due to the stalemate, Nobunaga ordered the withdrawal from Kozuki Castle for strategic reasons and devoted himself to the capture of Miki Castle.Amago Katsuhisa, the master and servant of the castle, who had been waiting for Oda's reinforcements for three months, surrendered, and Kozuki Castle fell .
On October 4, 1578, Saito Toshiharu, Nobutada's uncle-in-law, was dispatched by Nobunaga as the general reinforcement of Jinbo Nagazumi. Nobutada also sent reinforcements with his vassals stationed in Mino and Owari.
He also took part in the suppression ofAraki Murashige's rebellion (Siege of Itami) that broke out inSettsu province from the same year to the following year, Tensho 9 (1579).
In 1580,Sakuma Nobumori, who was in charge of southern Owari, andAndo Morinari, one of the three Mino Triumvirate, were banished, expanding the territory of Nobutada's control in the two countries of Mino and Owari.
In the 10th year ofTensho (1582), Nobutada began the conquest ofKoshu (Kai province) by leading an army of 50,000 Mino and Owari troops. As the supreme commander, he advanced into Takeda territory withTokugawa Ieyasu andHojo Ujimasa. Nobutada was accompanied byKawajiri Hidetaka andTakigawa Kazumasu, and marched fromIna to capture Ida Castle andTakato Castle, Takeda bases in southernShinano province. In theSiege of Takato castle, Nobutada stood at the forefront of his army and rushed into themoat, breached a barrier, climbed onto therampart, and inspired his soldiers to attack.[2]
Takeda Katsuyori could not regain his position due to Nobutada's rapid advance and withdrew fromSuwa. He then burnedShinpu Castle and escaped. Nobutada pursued the Takeda forces. Before Nobunaga's main corps entered Takeda's territory, Nobutada engaged the Takeda at theBattle of Tenmokuzan. Takeda Katsuyori and his son Nobuyuki committedseppuku and the Takeda clan was destroyed.
Nobunaga entered Kofu on March 26. He praised Nobutada's military service and gave him a sword (梨地蒔). He also expressed his intention to "take the ritual of the world." At that time, Nobutada declined, but from Nobunaga's point of view, reign over the Oda clan as well as all the world's people would be inherited by Nobutada.Kawajiri Hidetaka was givenKai Province (excludingAnayama Baisetsu) and Suwa-gun,Shinano Province, for his service.Mori Nagayoshi was given Takai, Mizuuchi, Sarashina, and Ina-gun inShinano Province.Mori Nagayoshi was given Ina-gun, Shinano Province. These events greatly influenced the four countries of Mino, Owari, Kai, and Shinano.
In 1582, his father was forced to commit suicide when one of his generals,Akechi Mitsuhide attacked him while he was staying atHonno-ji, aBuddhisttemple inKyoto. Nobutada was quartered nearby, where he was attacked by Akechi's men and also committedseppuku.[1]: 69
