Octa (orOctha) (c. 500 – c. 543) was anAnglo-SaxonKing ofKent during the 6th century. Sources disagree on his relationship to the other kings in his line; he may have been the son ofHengist orOisc, and may have been the father of Oisc orEormenric. The dates of his reign are unclear, but he may have ruled from 512 to 534 or from 516 to 540. Despite his shadowyrecorded history Octa made an impact on theBritons, who describe his deeds in several sources.
The 9th-centuryAnglo-Saxon Chronicle, one of the most important sources for this period of history, does not mention Octa. It does, however, mentionHengist and givesOisc as his son. However,Bede'sEcclesiastical History of the English People, completed around 731, names Octa as the son of "Orric, surnamed Oisc" and the grandson of Hengist.[1] Conversely, the 9th-centuryCotton Vespasian manuscript indicates that Octa was the son of Hengist and the father of Oisc.
Octa also appears in theHistoria Brittonum, a 9th-century history of the Britons. According to the narrative, Hengist, who had settled inBritain with the consent of theBritish kingVortigern as defence against theScots, sends for his sons Octa and Ebusa to supplement his forces. Octa and Ebusa subsequently raid Scotland.[2] After Hengist's death Octa becomes king of Kent.[3] Some manuscripts of theHistoria include genealogies of the Saxon kingdoms; the genealogy of the kings of Kent names Octa as the son and successor to Hengist and the father to the subsequent king Ossa.[4]
Octa appears inGeoffrey of Monmouth's 12th-century pseudohistoryHistoria Regum Britanniae. The earlier scenes featuring him are taken directly from theHistoria Brittonum, while the later scenes have no known source, and were likely invented by Geoffrey. As in theHistoria Brittonum, Octa is brought to Britain by his father with Vortigern's consent.[5] Later, Vortigern is deposed by the rightfulKing of the Britons,Aurelius Ambrosius (the historical Ambrosius Aurelianus) and Hengist is captured and later executed. Octa leads his men toYork and continues to harry the Britons, along with his kinsman Eosa.[6] Aurelius besieges York, and eventually Octa surrenders. He negotiates a truce in which the Saxons are allowed to stay in northern Britain as vassals to Aurelius.[7] After the death of Aurelius, however, Octa and Eosa regard the treaty as no longer binding and resume their belligerence. The new king, Aurelius' brotherUther Pendragon, leads his armies against the Saxons and routs them in a surprise night attack. Octa and Eosa are taken prisoner, but they eventually escape and return to Germany. They return with a vast army, and Uther meets them again in a battle in which Octa and Eosa are finally slain.[8]
Octa may appear in WelshArthurian literature as Osla Bigknife, though this character may be better identified withOffa of Mercia.[9] This Osla figures in two medieval prose tales,Culhwch and Olwen (c. 1100) andThe Dream of Rhonabwy (12th- or 13th-century). InCulhwch he is a member ofKing Arthur's retinue; he is named in a list of Arthur's followers, and his weapon "Bronllavyn Short Broad", which is wide enough for Arthur's army to use as a bridge, is described.[10] Osla later participates in the hunt for the great boarTwrch Trwyth, during which he nearly drowns when the sheath of his great knife fills with water.[11] InRhonabwy Osla is Arthur's opponent at theBattle of Badon.[12]
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| Preceded by | King of Kent 512/516–534/540 | Succeeded by |