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Ocimum

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Genus of flowering plants
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Ocimum
Ocimum basilicum
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Asterids
Order:Lamiales
Family:Lamiaceae
Subfamily:Nepetoideae
Tribe:Ocimeae
Genus:Ocimum
L.[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • BeciumLindl.
  • ErythrochlamysGürke
  • HyperaspisBriq.
  • NautochilusBremek.

Ocimum/ˈɒsɪməm/ is a genus of aromatic annual and perennialherbs and shrubs in the familyLamiaceae, native to the tropical and warm temperate regions of all 6 inhabited continents, with the greatest number of species in Africa.[2] Its best known species are the cooking herbbasil,O. basilicum, and themedicinal herbtulsi (holy basil),O. tenuiflorum.

Ecology

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Ocimum species are used as food plants by thelarvae of someLepidoptera species includingEndoclita malabaricus.[citation needed]

Taxonomy

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The genus was first published byCarl Linnaeus in his bookSpecies Plantarum on page 597 in 1753.[3]

The genus name ofOcimum is derived from theAncient Greek word for basil,ὤκιμον (ṓkimon).[4]

Species

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AcceptedOcimum species byPlants of the World Online,[3] andWorld Flora Online;[5]

Hybrids

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Formerly placed here

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Cultivation and uses

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Most culinary and ornamental basils are cultivars ofOcimum basilicum and there are many hybrids between species.Thai basil (O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora) is a common ingredient inThai cuisine, with a strong flavour similar toaniseed, used to flavourThai curries and stir-fries.[citation needed]Lemon basil (Ocimum × citriodorum) is ahybrid betweenO. americanum andO. basilicum. It is noted for itslemon flavour and used in cooking.[citation needed]

Holy basil ortulsi (O. tenuiflorum) is a sacred herb revered as dear toVishnu in some sects ofVaishnavism.[citation needed]Tulsi is used in teas, healing remedies, and cosmetics in India, and it is also used in Thai cooking.[citation needed] Amazonian basil (O. campechianum) is a South American species often utilized inayahuasca rituals for its smell which is said to help avoid bad visions.[6]O. centraliafricanum is valued as anindicator species for the presence of copper deposits.[citation needed]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Genus:Ocimum L."Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2004-09-10. Archived fromthe original on 2014-01-03. Retrieved2014-01-03.
  2. ^abKew World Checklist of Selected PlantFamilies
  3. ^ab"Ocimum L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science".Plants of the World Online. Retrieved16 November 2023.
  4. ^"Basil -Ocimum basilicum | Washington College".www.washcoll.edu. Retrieved16 November 2023.
  5. ^"Ocimum L."worldfloraonline.org. Retrieved16 November 2023.
  6. ^Steele, John J. (2006). "Perfumeros and the Sacred Use of Fragrance in Amazonian Shamanism". In Jim Drobnick (ed.).The Smell Culture Reader. Berg Publishers. p. 230.
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