Obi Egbuna
Obi Egbuna at a press conference in London, August 1967
Born	Obi Benue Egbuna 18 July 1938 Ozubulu,Anambra State, Nigeria
Died	18 January 2014(2014-01-18) (aged 75) Washington, DC, United States
Nationality	Nigerian
Other names	Obi Benue Joseph Egbuna
Education	University of Iowa;Howard University
Occupation(s)	Novelist, playwright and political activist
Known for	Pioneer of theBlack power movement in Britain

Obi Benue Egbuna//^ⓘ(18 July 1938 – 18 January 2014) was aNigerian-born novelist,playwright and political activist known for leading theUniversal Coloured People's Association (UCPA) and being a member of theBritish Black Panther Movement (1968–72) during the years when he lived in England, between 1961 and 1973. Egbuna published several texts onMarxist–Black Power, includingDestroy This Temple: The Voice of Black Power in Britain (1971) andThe ABC of Black Power Thought (1973).

Egbuna was born inOzubulu,Anambra State, Nigeria. He studied at theUniversity of Iowa andHoward University,Washington, DC, moving in 1961 to England, where he lived until 1973.

In London, Egbuna was a member of a group called the Committee of African Organisations that had roots in theWest African Students' Union, and which organisedMalcolm X's 1965 visit to Britain.^[1][2] Egbuna participated in events organized by theCaribbean Artists Movement,^[3] and in 1966 his playWind Versus Polygamy was performed at theWorld Festival of Negro Arts inDakar, Senegal,^[4] where the Pan African Players and theNegro Theatre Workshop (founded in London byPearl Connor) represented the United Kingdom.^[5] He became a pioneer of theBlack Power movement in Britain,^[6] forming theUniversal Coloured People's Association (UCPA) – "the first avowed Black Power group in Britain in August 1967, followingStokely Carmichael's visit" – and speaking at a major anti-Vietnam War rally in October that year.^[7] Egbuna also participated in theAntiuniversity of London.^[3][8]

In August 2020, Egbuna's son, Obi Egbuna Jr, spoke candidly to Bryan Knight'sTell A Friend podcast about his father's political activism and the fight against racism in the Britain of the 1960 and 1970s.^[9]

Being heavily influenced byMarxism, Egbuna stressed the importance of an international struggle against capitalism, as a part of the global struggle against racial oppression. In a speech from 1967 atTrafalgar Square, London, Egbuna stated: "Black Power means simply that the blacks of this world are out to liquidate capitalist oppression of black people wherever it exists by any means necessary."^[10] On 10 November 1967, he launched theBlack Power Manifesto, published by theUniversal Coloured People's Association. As spokesperson for the group, he claimed they had recruited 778 members in London during the previous seven weeks.^[11] In 1968 Egbuna published a pamphlet entitledBlack Power or Death.^[12]

Egbuna also saw the socialist and communist student movements of the 1960s as problematic to theBlack Power cause. Although ideologically rooted in a similar Marxist intellectual tradition, he saw the student organisations as "socialist snobs" who decree from "the premise that only they have read and can understand Marx".^[13] This intellectual snobbery was, according to Egbuna, "doing a great harm to the cause they claim to be upholding" by ignoring race as a key reason for oppression of black workers:

Nobody in his right mind disputes that the fact that the White worker is a prey to capitalist exploitation, as well as the Black Worker. But equally indisputable is the fact that the White worker is exploited only because he is a worker, not because he is white, while in contrast, the Black Worker is oppressed, not only because he is a worker, but also because he is Black.^[14]

During the 1960s, many sympathisers ofBlack Power left their socialist and communist student organisations and subsequently started their ownMarxist-orientated Black Power organisations, such as Black Socialist Alliance.

As a consequence of theRace Relations Act 1965, incitement of racial violence had become illegal in the United Kingdom. Several members of Egbuna's UCPA were fined under this act. Egbuna was later that year imprisoned accused of threatening to kill police and certain politicians.^[10]

Egbuna's last novel,The Madness of Didi, was published in 1980. He died in Washington, DC, on 18 January 2014, aged 75, and a tribute to his life and work was held on Saturday, 1 March 2014, at the Rankin Memorial Chapel, Howard University, Washington, DC.^[15]

Egbuna's papers are held at theSchomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Books Division, at the New York Public Library.^[16]

• Black Power
• Marxism

• Sivanadan, A.,A Different Hunger – Writings on Black Resistance, London:Pluto Press, 1982)
• "Comment: Enoch Powell's 'Rivers of Blood' speech",Daily Telegraph, 6 November 2007.
• Bunce, R. E. R., and Paul Field,"Obi B. Egbuna, C. L. R. James and the Birth of Black Power in Britain: Black Radicalism in Britain 1967–72",Twentieth Century British History, September 2011, Vol. 22, Issue 3, p. 391.

• John Wyver,"Earl Cameron and a lost play",Illuminations blog, 6 July 2020.
• John Wyver,"Obi Egbuna and the BBC: the story continued",Illuminations blog, 10 July 2020.

• 1938 births
• 2014 deaths
• Nigerian male novelists
• University of Iowa alumni
• Howard University alumni
• Nigerian activists
• 20th-century Nigerian novelists
• Black British writers
• People from Anambra State
• 20th-century British novelists
• International Writing Program alumni
• 20th-century Nigerian male writers
• Black British activists
• 20th-century British dramatists and playwrights

• Pages using the Phonos extension
• Articles with short description
• Short description matches Wikidata
• Use British English from August 2011
• Use dmy dates from July 2020
• Articles with hCards
• Pages including recorded pronunciations