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Oakley, California | |
|---|---|
 Oakley City Hall | |
 Flag  | |
 Location inContra Costa County and the state ofCalifornia | |
  Oakley, California Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates:37°59′51″N121°42′45″W / 37.99750°N 121.71250°W /37.99750; -121.71250 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  California |
| County | Contra Costa |
| Incorporated | July 1, 1999[1] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Shannon Shaw[2] |
| • State Senator | Christopher Cabaldon (D)[3] |
| • State Assembly | Lori Wilson (D)[4] |
| • U. S. Congress | Mark DeSaulnier (D)[5] |
| Area | |
• Total | 16.17 sq mi (41.88 km2) |
| • Land | 15.86 sq mi (41.09 km2) |
| • Water | 0.31 sq mi (0.79 km2) 1.87% |
| Elevation | 20 ft (6 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 43,357 |
| • Density | 2,733/sq mi (1,055/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-8 (PST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-7 (PDT) |
| ZIP code | 94561 |
| Area code | 925 |
| FIPS code | 06-53070 |
| GNIS feature IDs | 277567,2411294 |
| Website | oakleyca.gov |
Oakley is a city inContra Costa County, California, United States. It is within the nine-countySan Francisco Bay Area. The population at the2020 United States census was 43,357. Oakley wasincorporated in 1999, making it the newest incorporated city in Contra Costa County.
The name "oak" comes from the abundance ofoak trees, while the suffix "-ley" comes from the Old English word for "field" or "meadow".The name Oakley is of Old English origin and its meaning is "meadow of oak trees". This aptly describes the area when first settled and to some extent even today. However, if not for the flip of a coin and cribbage board the community may have been named Dewey. City founder Randolph C. Marsh wanted to name the city Dewey, afterAdmiralGeorge Dewey, in honor of the latter's success at theBattle of Manila Bay during theSpanish–American War. His friend Joel D. Wightman preferred the name "Oakley" because the terrain was largely meadows and oaks. To determine which name would prevail they battled it out over a game of cribbage. Marsh may have lost the game and the right to name the city but he ensured his immortality by choosing downtown street names whose first initials spelled "Marsh" — Main, Acme, Ruby, Star and Home.
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Archeologists have foundprehistoric sites in the Oakley area. One substantial shell mound was discovered early in the 20th century near what is now the eastern edge of town. The Northwest Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System monitors the archeological investigations undertaken in Oakley. Around three dozen such projects have been completed in the past 25 years, yielding only four prehistoric sites in the city. However, the information center believes there is a high possibility that other prehistoric sites remain within the city. To enable furtherarchaeological excavation, the site referred to as Simon Mound was purchased bythe Archaeological Conservancy after many of the ancient settlement places had already been destroyed by urban encroachment. Simone Mound has provided bones and fragments from burial sites starting around 1000 A.D. and is near a similar Conservancy preserve, the Hotchkiss Mound.[9]
The first accounts of identifiable cultural community in the west delta are attributed to theBay Miwoks, who occupied the region between 1100 and 1770 AD. The BayMiwok people, usually called the Julpunes or Pulpunes by European explorers, were organized into "tribelets"—political units that included several fairly permanent villages and a set of seasonal campsites arrayed across a well-defined territory.
Incursions of theSpanish Empire into the Oakley area began in the 1770s. The first group to enter the present-day city limits was theDe Anza expedition of 1775–76. However, after a failed attempt to find a route through thetule swamps to the Sierra, the De Anza expedition returned to Monterey. Subsequent expeditions by the Spanish did not result in colonization. Europeans settled in the Delta in the 19th century, but were killed by malaria and smallpox.[citation needed]
Oakley's first post office was established in 1898.[10]
Oakley became anincorporated city in 1999.[11]
According to reports provided by Money.com,[12] Oakley experiences 21.16 inches (537 mm) of annual rainfall with an average high temperature in July of 96.0 °F (35.6 °C) and an average low temperature in January of 40.0 °F (4.4 °C). Oakley experiences 52% clear days throughout the year.
Oakley's western border isCalifornia State Route 160. The City ofAntioch adjoins Oakley on the west, the city ofBrentwood adjoins Oakley on the south, andBethel Island lies to the east. TheSacramento-San Joaquin Delta forms the northern boundary. The southwestern skyline is dominated byMt. Diablo.
The City of Oakley is ageneral-law city, as opposed to acharter city, formed under state legislative statutes and governed by a body of laws in the state Constitution. Oakley operates under a council-manager form of government.[citation needed]
The Oakley City Council consists of five non-partisan council members elected by district. Oakley's city council members are considered part-time because, aside from being council members, they have full-time jobs. This part-time nature of the council opens up opportunities for ordinary citizens who are working in the private sector to participate.[citation needed]
At the first council meeting in December, the mayor is selected by a majority of the city council from among currently serving council members. At this time a vice mayor is also selected.
In 2017, Oakley had 19,906 registered voters with 9,921 (49.8%) registered as Democrats, 4,705 (23.6%) registered as Republicans, and 4,371 (22%)decline to state voters.[13] Records show that 662 Oakley voters are registered Independents, with an additional 55 registered Green Party members.[14]
| Year | Democratic | Republican |
|---|---|---|
| 2024 | 52.2%10,126 | 45.2%8,769 |
| 2020 | 57.8%11,446 | 39.8%7,874 |
| 2016 | 56.3%7,849 | 37.2%5,189 |
| 2012 | 60.4%7,195 | 36.8%4,381 |
| 2008 | 61.2%6,955 | 37.0%4,207 |
| 2004 | 53.4%4,937 | 45.7%4,222 |
| 2000 | 55.1%4,726 | 41.7%3,577 |
Oakley has had vineyards since the late 1800s. Early Portuguese and Italian immigrants found the climate amenable and planted thousands of acres of vineyards.
Nearly 80 percent of Oakley's roughly 700 acres (2.8 km2) of vineyards are planted inZinfandel. Oakley's grape harvest can conservatively be estimated at 2,000 tons. These grapes are distributed to a number of local wineries.[citation needed]
TheBNSF Railway runs through town from east to west. This line also carriesAmtrak California'sGold Runner service. In March 2023, the decision was made to close the AmtrakAntioch–Pittsburg station and replace it withOakley Station.
California State Route 4 used to run right through town from Antioch to Brentwood on Main Street. From 2000 to 2008 a Bypass was constructed fromCalifornia State Route 160 to Marsh Creek Road south ofBrentwood to extend the freeway from Antioch. Oakley relinquished Hwy 4 through downtown to the state in 2012, and is now connected through the Laurel Rd exit.[16]
Oakley is part of the East Contra Costa Bicycle Plan, which has existing facilities in Oakley as well as plans for further expansion.[17]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 1,306 | — | |
| 1980 | 2,816 | 115.6% | |
| 1990 | 18,374 | 552.5% | |
| 2000 | 25,619 | 39.4% | |
| 2010 | 35,432 | 38.3% | |
| 2020 | 43,357 | 22.4% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[18] | |||
Oakley first appeared as acensus designated place in the1970 U.S. census.
The2020 United States census reported that Oakley had a population of 43,357. The population density was 2,732.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,055.1/km2). The racial makeup of Oakley was 45.9%White, 8.4%African American, 1.0%Native American, 9.5%Asian, 0.7%Pacific Islander, 16.9% fromother races, and 17.6% from two or more races.Hispanic or Latino of any race were 36.7% of the population.[19]
The census reported that 99.7% of the population lived in households, 0.2% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.1% were institutionalized.[19]
There were 13,045 households, out of which 45.6% included children under the age of 18, 61.1% were married-couple households, 6.6% werecohabiting couple households, 19.9% had a female householder with no partner present, and 12.4% had a male householder with no partner present. 13.6% of households were one person, and 6.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.31.[19] There were 10,628families (81.5% of all households).[20]
The age distribution was 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.0% aged 18 to 24, 28.0% aged 25 to 44, 25.3% aged 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.1 males.[19]
There were 13,379 housing units at an average density of 843.2 units per square mile (325.6 units/km2), of which 13,045 (97.5%) were occupied. Of these, 77.2% were owner-occupied, and 22.8% were occupied by renters.[19]
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that 17.8% of the population were foreign-born. Of all people aged 5 or older, 69.5% spoke only English at home, 21.0% spokeSpanish, 3.0% spoke otherIndo-European languages, 5.7% spoke Asian or Pacific Islander languages, and 0.8% spoke other languages. Of those aged 25 or older, 88.5% were high school graduates and 23.2% had a bachelor's degree.[21]
The median household income was $132,067, and theper capita income was $43,879. About 4.9% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the poverty line.[22]
The majority of the city is in theOakley Union Elementary School District (K–8), while there are pieces inKnightsen Elementary School District andBrentwood Union Elementary School District. Those portions are also within theLiberty Union High School District. Additionally, a western portion is in a K-12 school district,Antioch Unified School District.[23]
The Oakley branch of theContra Costa County Library system is located in Oakley.[24]
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