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Nursing management consists of the performance of the leadership functions of governance and decision-making within organizations employingnurses. It includes processes common to allmanagement like planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling. It is common forregistered nurses to seek additional education to earn aMaster of Science in Nursing orDoctor of Nursing Practice to prepare for leadership roles within nursing. Management positions increasingly require candidates to hold an advanced degree in nursing.
The chief nurse, in other words the person in charge of nursing in a hospital and the head of the nursing staff, is callednursing officer in UK English,[1] andhead nurse ordirector of nursing in US English,[2][3] andmatron ornursing superintendent inIndian English.[4]
The chief nurse is a registered nurse who supervises the care of all the patients at a health care facility. The chief nurse is the senior nursing management position in an organization and often holds executive titles likechief nursing officer (CNO),chief nurse executive, orvice-president of nursing. They typically report to theCEO orCOO.[citation needed]
The chief nurse serves as "the head of the general staff of the hospital" and is obeyed by his/her subordinate nurses.[5] Traditionally, chief nurses were calledmatrons and wore a dark-blue dress that was usually darker than that of her subordinates, who were also known assisters, in addition to a white-starched hat.[6] As such, matrons usually "provide strong leadership and act as a link between Board-level nurses and clinical practice".[7] Inmilitary hospitals of the United States, matrons were "charged with the responsibility of making twice daily rounds to supervise the [common] nurses' duty performance".[8]
The American Organization of Nurse Executives is a professional association for directors of nursing.[citation needed]
Many large healthcare organizations also haveservice directors. These directors have oversight of a particular service within the facility or system (surgical services, women's services, emergency services, critical care services, etc.). Often these directors are over managers of those service lines.[citation needed]
Thenurse manager is the nurse with management responsibilities of a nursing unit. They typically report to a service director. They have primary responsibilities for staffing, budgeting, and day-to-day operations of the unit, bed site teaching, complaint investigations and conducting educational programs at unit base.[citation needed]
Thecharge nurse is the nurse, usually assigned for a shift, who is responsible for the immediate functioning of the unit. The charge nurse is responsible for making sure nursing care is delivered safely and that all the patients on the unit are receiving adequate care. They are typically the frontline management in most nursing units. Some charge nurses are permanent members of the nursing management team and are called shift supervisors. The term for a female charge nurse was traditionally anursing sister (or justsister), and this term is still commonly used in some countries (such as the United Kingdom and someCommonwealth countries). Some patients address a sister by Sister followed by her given name, for example, Sister Patricia.[citation needed]
Nursing Superintendent/Matron The Matron will be responsible to the MS for the administrative and technical aspects of nursing in the hospital. Her charter of duties will include the following: ( 1 ) Administration of nurses, their accommodations and messing, viz. equitable distribution and economic utilization of nursing staff, maintenance of duty roster, turnout and discipline; supervision ...
I. The staff of European nurses shall consist of a matron or senior nurse, and such other nurses as may from time to time be appointed. II. The matron shall be the head of the general staff of the hospital, and shall be responsible for the discipline of the institution to the medical officer. III. The other nurses shall obey the orders of the matron or senior nurse, and perform whatever duties she may detail them for in addition to their duties as prescribed by the senior medical officer.
The matrons of the past had a very distinctive uniform, usually a dark-blue dress, in a slightly darker hue than that of her direct subordinate (the sisters). She also wore an elaborate, white-starched hat.
There is a clear expectation that matrons will provide strong leadership and act as a link between Board-level nurses and clinical practice. Nurses at Board level have a responsibility to ensure that nursing meets Trust objectives.
The larger military hospitals ideally had a nursing staff that consisted of a matron or head nurse and a number of "common" nurses. The matron was charged with the responsibility of making twice daily rounds to supervise the nurses' duty performance.
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