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Northwestern Europe, orNorthwest Europe, is a loosely definedsubregion ofEurope, overlappingNorthern andWestern Europe. The term is used in geographic,[1] history,[2] and military contexts.[3]
Geographically, Northwestern Europe is given by some sources as a region which includesGreat Britain,[4]Ireland,[4]Belgium,[5] theNetherlands,[5]Luxembourg,[6] NorthernFrance,[5] parts of or all ofGermany,[7][6]Denmark,[4]Norway,[6]Sweden,[6] andIceland.[2][8] In some works,Switzerland,Finland, andAustria are also included as part of Northwestern Europe.[6]
Under theInterreg program, funded by theEuropean Regional Development Fund, "North-West Europe" (NWE) is a region ofEuropean Territorial Cooperation that includes Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, Switzerland, the Netherlands and parts of France and Germany.[7]
During theReformation, some parts of Northwestern Europe converted toProtestantism,[9] in a manner which differentiated the region from itsRoman Catholic neighbors elsewhere in Europe.[10][11]
A definition of Northwestern Europe was used by some late 19th to mid-20th centuryanthropologists,eugenicists, andNordicists, who used the term as a shorthand term for the part of Europe with a predominantlyNordic population.[12][13][14][15] For example,Arthur de Gobineau, the 19th-century aristocrat who published works on thepseudoscience ofscientific racism, included parts of Northwestern Europe in what Leon Baradat described as his "Aryan heaven".[16]
There is close genetic affinity among some Northwest European populations,[17] with some of these populations descending fromBell Beaker populations carryingsteppe ancestry.[citation needed] For example, the Beaker people of the lower Rhine overturned 90% of Great Britain's gene pools, replacing the Basque-likeNeolithic populations present prior.[18]
the area covered is northwestern Europe [..including..] the Atlantic coasts of Britain, Ireland and northern France, together with all English Channel coastlines and the fringes of the North Sea as far east asSkagerrak, and as far north as [..] Bergen in Norway
Northwestern Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, United Kingdom, Switzerland
The North-West Europe area [..] programme covers Belgium, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland as well as parts of France and Germany
Protestantism swept over those countries of northwestern Europe which have large proportions of Nordic elements represented in their populations
Most of northwestern Europe converted to Protestantism, while most of southwestern Europe remained Catholic. Whether climate or ethnicity (northwestern Europe was more Germanic, southwestern Europe more latin) was the greater factor in this division remains a matter of dispute
The old immigrants, from northwestern Europe (Ireland, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, the German states, and Scandinavia) [..] were primarily Protestants (except the Irish, who were mostly Catholic)
{{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)Extending across northwestern Europe, Gobineau's Aryan heaven included Ireland, England, northern France [..], the Benelux countries and Scandinavia
A statistical summary of genetic data from 1,387 Europeans based on principal component axis one (PC1) [..] may reflect a special role for this geographic axis in the demographic history of Europeans [..] PC1 aligns north-northwest/south-southeast
migration played a key role in the further dissemination of the Beaker Complex, a phenomenon we document most clearly in Britain, where the spread of the Beaker Complex [..] was associated with a replacement of ~90% of Britain's gene pool within a few hundred years
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