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Northrop YC-125 Raider

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American utility transport aircraft

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YC-125 Raider

General information
Type	Transport aircraft
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Northrop Corporation
Primary user	United States Air Force
Number built	23
History
Manufactured	1949–1950
Introduction date	1950
First flight	1 August 1949
Retired	1955

TheNorthrop YC-125 Raider is a 1940s American three-enginedSTOL utility transport built byNorthrop Corporation,Hawthorne, California.

Design and development

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Northrop's first postwar civil design was a three-engined STOL passenger and cargo transport named theNorthrop N-23 Pioneer, which was intended to replace theFord Trimotors of the Central American airlineTransportes Aéreos Centro Americanos (TACA). The Pioneer could carry 36 passengers or cargo, with a cargo door and a "chin" hatch allowing the loading of 36 ft (11 m) lengths of pipes or timber into the aircraft's cabin. It first flew on 21 December 1946. The aircraft had good performance, resulting in an order of 40 aircraft from TACA, but political maneuvering fromPan-Am after the shipping companyWaterman Steamship Corporation purchased a major stake in TACA led to TACA losing rights to operate to or from the United States, which in turn caused TACA to cancel its order for the Pioneer. Despite extensive sales tours, no further orders were obtained.^[1] The Pioneer was lost in a fatal crash on 19 February 1948 when it lost a new tailfin design in flight.^[2]

In 1948, theUnited States Air Force expressed interest in an aircraft of the same configuration and placed an order with Northrop for 23 aircraft, 13 troop transports designated theC-125A Raider and 10 for Arctic rescue work designated theC-125B. With the company designationN-32 Raider the first aircraft flew on 1 August 1949.

The aircraft was powered by three 1,200 hp (890 kW)Wright R-1820-99 Cyclone radial engines. The aircraft could also be fitted withJATO rockets that enabled it to take off in less than 500 feet (150 m). The 13 troop transporters were designatedYC-125A in-service and the Arctic rescue version theYC-125B.

The Canadian companyCanadair considered building the N-23 under licence but did not proceed.

Operational history

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Deliveries of the YC-125 to the USAF began in 1950. These aircraft did not serve long as they were underpowered and they were soon sent toSheppard Air Force Base, Texas and relegated to be ground instructional trainers until retired in 1955 and declared surplus.

Most of the surplus aircraft were purchased by Frank Ambrose and sold to bush operators in South and Central America.^[3]

Variants

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N-23 Pioneer: Prototype three-engined STOL transport, one built.
N-32 Raider: Company designation of military version of the N-23.
YC-125A Raider: N-32 with seats for thirty troops, 13 built.
YC-125B Raider: Arctic rescue version of the N-32 with twenty stretchers and provision for a ski undercarriage. Ten built (serials 48-618/627).
CL-3: Proposed Canadairlicensed produced variant from 1949, with 3 xCanadian Pratt & Whitney R-1820 engines. Was redesignatedCL-12 in the same year. Project was dropped sometime around early 1950.^{[citation needed]}
N-74: Another proposed Canadair variant. Improvements including the replacement of the three engines with twoAllison T56 turboprops were studied. Project abandoned in the early 1950s.^[4]

Operators

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United States

United States Air Force

Surviving aircraft

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YC-125B at the National Museum of the United States Air Force

48-626 – YC-125B in storage at theNational Museum of the United States Air Force inDayton, Ohio.^[5]
48-636 – YC-125A on static display at thePima Air and Space Museum inTucson, Arizona.^[6]

Specifications (YC-125B)

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3-view line drawing of the Northrop YC-125 Raider

Data from National Museum of the US Air Force YC-125B Factsheet^[7] &American Military Transport Aircraft Since 1925^[8]

General characteristics

Crew: 4
Capacity: 36 troopsor 10,000 lb (4.54 t) cargo
Length: 67 ft 1 in (20.45 m)
Wingspan: 86 ft 6 in (26.37 m)
Height: 23 ft 1 in (7.04 m)
Max takeoff weight: 41,900 lb (19,006 kg)
Powerplant: 3 ×Wright R-1820-99 Cyclone 9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 1,200 hp (890 kW) each
Propellers: 3-bladed constant-speed propellers

Performance

Maximum speed: 207 mph (333 km/h, 180 kn)
Cruise speed: 171 mph (275 km/h, 149 kn)
Range: 1,856 mi (2,987 km, 1,613 nmi)
Service ceiling: 12,200 ft (3,700 m)

References

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Notes

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^Stern 2004, p. 41.
^Associated Press, "Test Pilot Dies; Crew Bails Out",San Bernardino Daily Sun, San Bernardino, California, Friday 20 February 1948, Volume LIV, Number 149, page 1.
^"Northrop YC-125 Raider."Archived 2012-09-01 at theWayback MachinePima Air and Space Museum. Retrieved: 12 September 2012.
^Chong, Anthony (15 June 2016).Flying Wings & Radical Things: Northrop's Secret Aerospace Projects & Concepts 1939-1994. Specialty Press. pp. 80, 81.ISBN 978-1-58007-229-8.
^"1951 Northrop YC-125B".National Museum of the United States Air Force. Retrieved25 October 2022.
^"Northrop YC-125 Raider".Pima Air & Space Museum. Retrieved25 October 2022.
^"NORTHROP YC-125B RAIDER".NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE US AIR FORCE™. Archived fromthe original on 30 December 2014. Retrieved22 May 2019.
^Johnson 2013, p. 203.

Bibliography

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Andrade, John M.U.S Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Leicestershire, UK: Midland Counties Publications, 1979.ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
Johnson, E. R. (2013).American Military Transport Aircraft Since 1925. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc.ISBN 978-0-7864-6269-8.
Stern, Dave (December 2004). "Northrop's Rugged Raider".Aeroplane. Vol. 32, no. 12. pp. 40–43.ISSN 0143-7240.
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Aircraft (Part Work 1982–1985). London: Orbis Publishing, 1986.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toNorthrop YC-125 Raider.

Northrop aircraft and aircraft engines

Manufacturer
designations

'Greek' series	Alpha Beta Gamma Delta
'N' series	Note: Northrop company designations include a wide variety of technologies. Only aircraft, aero engines, and missiles are linked here. N-1/M N-2 N-3 N-4 N-5 N-6 N-7 N-8 N-9/M N-10 N-12 N-14 N-15 N-16 N-18 N-19 N-20 N-21 N-23 N-24 N-25A/B N-26 N-29 N-31 N-32 N-34 N-35 N-36 N-37 N-38 N-39 N-40 N-41 N-45 N-46 N-47 N-48 N-49 N-50 N-51 N-52 N-54 N-55 N-59 N-60 N-63 N-65 N-67 N-68 N-69 N-71 N-72 N-73 N-74 N-81 N-82 N-84 N-86 N-87 N-94 N-96 N-102 N-103 N-105 N-110 N-111 N-112 N-117 N-124 N-132 N-133 N-134 N-135 N-138 N-141 N-144 N-149 N-150 N-151 N-155 N-156 N-165 N-204 N-205 N-250 N-251 N-267 N-285 N-300 N-301 N-302 N-303 N-304 N-305 N-306 N-307 N-311 N-320 N-321 N-322 N-330 N-353 N-370 N-381
'P' series	P530 P600 P610 P630

By role

Attack	YA-13 XA-16 A-17/Nomad N-3PB YA-9
Bombers	YB-35 YB-49 B-62 BT B2T B-2
Drones	Q-4
Fighters	3A XP-56 P-61 XP-79 F-89 XFT F2T F-5/CF-5/CF-116 YF-17 F-18L F-20 YF-23
Reconnaissance	F-15 RF-61 RF-5 N-165 N-204
Trainers	T-38
Transports	Alpha Beta Gamma Delta C-19 C-100 YC-125 RT
Experimental	N-1M N-9M JB-1 MX-324 MX-334 M2-F2 M2-F3 HL-10 Tacit Blue X-4 X-21

Aircraft
engines

XT37

Names

See also:TR-3

v t e Canadair aircraft
Sequence	CL-1 CL-2 CL-3 CL-4 CL-5 CL-7 CL-12 CL-13 CL-15 CL-20 CL-28 CL-30 CL-32 CL-35 CL-41 CL-42 CL-44 CL-51 CL-52 CL-60 CL-66 CL-83 CL-84 CL-88 CL-89 CL-90 CL-201 CL-202 CL-206 CL-209 CL-215 CL-219 CL-226 CL-227 CL-289 CL-415 CL-600 CL-601 CL-604 CL-605
UAVs & missiles	CL-20 CL-51 CL-83 CL-89 CL-227 CL-289
Piston-engined	CL-1 CL-2 CL-3 CL-4 CL-5 CL-7 CL-12 CL-15 CL-28 CL-42 CL-60 CL-66 CL-215
Turboprops	CL-32 CL-35 CL-44 CL-84 CL-202 CL-215T CL-415
Jets	CL-13 CL-30 CL-41 CL-52 CL-88 CL-90 CL-201 CL-206 CL-209 CL-219 CL-226 CL-600 CL-601 CL-604 CL-605 CRJ
Names	Argus Challenger Cosmopolitan CRJ Dynavert Freedom Fighter Midge North Star Sabre Silver Star Starfighter Tutor Velvet Glove Waterbomber (215) Waterbomber (415) Yukon
CAF/CF Designations	CF-104 CC-106 CP-107 CC-109 CT-114 CX-131 CT-133 CC-144
See also:Bombardier Aviation Canadian Vickers

v t e United Statesmilitary transport aircraft designations, Army/Air Force andTri-Service systems
Army/Air Force sequence (1925–1962)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 C-9 C-10 C-11 C-12 C-13¹ C-14 C-15 C-16 C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20 C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-28 C-29 C-30 C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34 C-35 C-36 C-37 C-38 C-39 C-40 C-41 C-41A C-42 C-43 C-44 C-45 C-46 C-47 C-47F C-47T AC-47 C-48 C-49 C-50 C-51 C-52 C-53 C-54 C-55 C-56 C-57 C-58 C-59 C-60 C-61 C-62 C-63 C-64 C-65 C-66 C-67 C-68 C-69 C-70 C-70B C-71 C-72 C-73 C-74 C-75 C-76 C-77 C-77B–D C-78 C-79 C-80 C-81 C-82 C-83 C-83A C-83B C-84 C-85 C-86 C-87 C-88 C-89 C-90 C-91 C-92 C-93 C-94 C-95 C-96 C-97 KC-97 C-98 C-99 C-100 C-101 C-102 C-103 C-104 C-105 C-106 C-107 C-108 C-109 C-110 C-111 C-112 C-113 C-114 C-115 C-116 C-117 C-117D C-118 C-119 AC-119 C-120 C-121 C-121F EC-121 C-122 C-123 C-123A C-124 C-125 C-126 C-127² DHC C-127 Douglas C-127 C-128 C-129 C-130 C-130J AC-130 DC-130 EC-130/H HC-130 KC-130 LC-130 MC-130 WC-130 C-131 NC-131H C-132 C-133 C-134 C-135 KC-135 C-136 C-137² Boeing YC-137 DHC YC-137 C-137 C-138¹ C-139¹ C-140 C-141 C-142
Tri-service sequence (1962–present)	C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7² C-7 RC-7 C-8 C-9 C-10² C-10 KC-10 C-11 C-12 RC-12 C-13¹ C-14 C-15 C-16¹ C-17 C-18 C-19 C-20² C-20A–D C-20F–J C-21 C-22 C-23 C-24 C-25 C-26 C-27 C-27J C-28 C-29 C-30¹ C-31 C-32 C-33 C-34¹ C-35 C-36³ C-37 C-37B C-38 C-39¹ C-40 C-41 C-42¹ C-43¹ C-44¹ C-45 C-46
Revived original sequence (2005–present)	C-143 C-144 C-145 C-146 C-147
Non-sequential designations	C-767 C-880
Related designations	CT-39 CT-43 CV-2 CV-7
¹ Not assigned • ² Assigned to multiple types • ³ Unconfirmed

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