The NT covers 1,347,791 square kilometres (520,385 sq mi),[10] making it the third-largest Australian federal division, andthe 11th-largest country subdivision in the world. It is sparsely populated, with a population of only 260,400[3] as of March 2025[update] – fewer than half the population ofTasmania.[3] The largest population centre is the capital city ofDarwin, having about 52.6% of the Territory's population. The largest inland settlement isAlice Springs with a population of about 25,000 people.
The archaeological history of the Northern Territory may have begun more than 60,000 years ago whenhumans first settled this region of theSahul Continent. From at least the 18th century,Makassan traders begana relationship with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory around the trading oftrepang. The coast of the Territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century.[11] The British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions. After three failed attempts to establish a settlement (1824–1828, 1838–1849, and 1864–1866), success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement atPort Darwin.
The economy is based largely on mining and petroleum, which during 2018–2019 contributed 23% of thegross state product, or $5.68 billion, accounting for 92.4% of exports.[12][13]
The Territory's population is concentrated in coastal regions and along theStuart Highway. Besides the capital of Darwin, the major settlements are (in order of size)Palmerston,Alice Springs,Katherine,Nhulunbuy andTennant Creek. Residents of the Northern Territory are often known as "Territorians".[14]
Humans have lived in the present area of the Northern Territory since at least 48,400 to 68,700 years ago.[15]
From the 17th or 18th century AD onwards, traders fromSulawesi established extensive seasonal trade links with theIndigenous peoples ofKimberley region, the modern-day Northern Territory, andArnhem Land.[16] They collectedtrepang (sea cucumber) for Chinese markets and introduced several goods and technologies to the Indigenous peoples.[16] There is significant evidence of contact withMakassan fishers in examples ofIndigenous Australian rock art andbark painting of northern Australia, with the Makassanperahu a prominent feature.[17][18]
With the coming of the British, there were four early attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast, of which three failed in starvation and despair. The land now occupied by the Northern Territory was part of colonialNew South Wales from 1825 to 1863, except for a brief time from February to December 1846, when it was part of the short-lived colony ofNorth Australia. The Northern Territory was part of South Australia from 1863 to 1911, and under its administration theOverland Telegraph Line was constructed between 1870 and 1872.[19]
From its establishment in 1869, thePort of Darwin was the major supply point for the Territory for many decades.[citation needed]
On 1 January 1911, a decade afterFederation, the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia, alongside theAustralian Capital Territory from NSW, and transferred to federal control.Alfred Deakin opined at this time"[t]o me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. Either we must accomplish the peopling of the northern territory or submit to its transfer to some other nation."[22]
Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South Australia, 1863
In late 1912 there was growing sentiment that the name "Northern Territory" was unsatisfactory.[23][24] The names "Kingsland" (after KingGeorge V and to correspond withQueensland), "Centralia" and "Territoria" were proposed with Kingsland becoming the preferred choice in 1913. However, the name change never went ahead.[25][26]
Division into North Australia and Central Australia
During the early 20th century, the southern part of the Territory was considered the "last frontier" of Australian settlement, where 'sympathetic whites' hoped that Aboriginal traditions would continue to be practised.[29] Conflicts arose due to the resource scarcity and the fragility of the cattle industry and the area was rife with Indigenous 'bush bandits' who speared cattle for food for want of employment by ranchers. This was exacerbated by a drought between 1925 and 1929 that led to the deaths of 85 per cent of the children at theHermannsburg Mission in Central Australia. In the meantime, white attitudes towards Aboriginal people were paternalistic, torn between the desire to help them in times of hunger and the fear of "pauperizing" them and reducing their incentives to work.[29]
During World War II, most of the Top End was placed under military government. This is the only time since Federation that part of an Australian state or territory has been under military control. After the war, control for the entire area was handed back to the Commonwealth. TheBombing of Darwin occurred on 19 February 1942. It was the largest single attack ever mounted by a foreign power on Australia. Evidence of Darwin's World War II history is found at a variety of preserved sites in and around the city, including ammunition bunkers, airstrips, oil tunnels and museums. The port was damaged in the 1942 Japanese air raids. It was subsequently restored.[32]
In the late 1960s improved roads in adjoining States linking with the territory, port delays and rapid economic development led to uncertainty in port and regional infrastructure development. As a result of the Commission of Enquiry established by the Administrator,[33] port working arrangements were changed, berth investment deferred and a port masterplan prepared.[34] Extension of rail transport was then not considered because of low freight volumes.
In 1974, from Christmas Eve to Christmas Day, Darwin was devastated by tropicalCyclone Tracy. Cyclone Tracy killed 71 people, caused A$837 million in damage (approximately A$6.85 billion as of 2018[update])[37] and destroyed more than 70 per cent of Darwin's buildings, including 80 per cent of houses. Tracy left more than 41,000 out of the 47,000 inhabitants of the city homeless. The city was rebuilt with much-improved construction codes and is a modern, landscaped metropolis today.[citation needed]
During 1995–96 the Northern Territory was briefly one of the few places in the world withlegal voluntary euthanasia, until the Federal Parliament overturnedthe legislation.[42] Before the over-riding legislation was enacted, four people used the law supported by DrPhilip Nitschke.[43][44][45]
The northern coast of Australia is on the left with Melville Island in the lower right[46]
There are many very small settlements scattered across the Territory, but the larger population centres are located on the single paved road that links Darwin to southern Australia, theStuart Highway, known to locals simply as "the track".
Köppen climate types in the Northern TerritorySatellite image of fire activity in central Australia
Average monthly maximum temperature in Northern Territory
Month
Darwin
Alice Springs
January
31.8 °C
36.3 °C
February
31.4 °C
35.1 °C
March
31.9 °C
32.7 °C
April
32.7 °C
28.2 °C
May
32.0 °C
23.0 °C
June
30.6 °C
19.8 °C
July
30.5 °C
19.7 °C
August
31.3 °C
22.6 °C
September
32.5 °C
27.1 °C
October
33.2 °C
30.9 °C
November
33.2 °C
33.7 °C
December
32.6 °C
35.4 °C
Source: Bureau of Meteorology
The Northern Territory has two distinctive climate zones.
The northern end, including Darwin, has a tropical climate with high humidity and two seasons, the wet (October to April) and dry season (May to September). During the dry season nearly every day is warm and sunny, and afternoon humidity averages around 30%. There is very little rainfall between May and September. In the coolest months of June and July, the daily minimum temperature may dip as low as 14 °C (57 °F), but very rarely lower, and frost has never been recorded.
Thewet season is associated withtropical cyclones andmonsoon rains. The majority of rainfall occurs between December and March (the southern hemisphere summer), whenthunderstorms are common and afternoon relative humidity averages over 70% during the wettest months. On average more than 1,570 mm (62 in) of rain falls in the north. Rainfall is highest in north-west coastal areas, where rainfall averages from 1,800 to 2,100 mm (71 to 83 in).
The central region is thedesert centre of the country, which includes Alice Springs andUluru (Ayers Rock), and issemi-arid with little rain usually falling during the hottest months from October to March. Seasons are more distinct in central Australia, with very hot summers and cool winters. Frost is recorded a few times a year. The region receives less than 250 mm (9.8 in) of rain per year.
The highest temperature recorded in the territory was 48.3 °C (118.9 °F) atFinke on 1 and 2 January 1960. The lowest temperature was −7.5 °C (18.5 °F) at Alice Springs on 17 July 1976.[50]
The Northern Territory Legislative Council was the partly elected governing body from 1947 until its replacement by the fully elected Northern Territory Legislative Assembly in 1974. The total enrolment for the 1947 election was 4,443. The Northern Territory was split into five electorates: Darwin, Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, Batchelor, and Stuart.[citation needed]
While this assembly exercises powers similar to those of the parliaments of the states of Australia, it does so by legislateddevolution of powers from theCommonwealth Government, rather than by any constitutional right. As such, the Commonwealth Government retains the right to legislate for the territory, including the power to override legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly. TheMonarch is represented by theAdministrator of the Northern Territory, who performs a role similar to that of astate governor.[citation needed]
Twenty-five members of the Legislative Assembly are elected to four-year terms from single-memberelectorates.[52]
Numerous times since self government was granted there has beenagitation for full statehood within the region.[53] Areferendum of voters in the Northern Territory was held on the issue in 1998, which resulted in a 'no' vote.[54] This was a shock to both the Northern Territory and Commonwealth governments, as opinion polls showed most Territorians supported statehood. But under the Australian Constitution, the federal government may set the terms of entry to full statehood. The Northern Territory was offered three senators, rather than the twelve guaranteed to original states (because of the difference in populations, equal numbers of Senate seats would mean a Territorian's vote for a senator would have been worth more than 30 such votes inNew South Wales orVictoria). Alongside what was cited as an arrogant approach adopted by then chief ministerShane Stone, it is believed that most Territorians, regardless of their general views on statehood, were reluctant to adopt the particular offer that was made.[55]
Thechief minister is the head of government of a self-governing territory (the head of a state government is apremier). The chief minister is appointed by theadministrator, who in normal circumstances appoints the leader of whichever party holds the majority of seats in the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. The current chief minister isLia Finocchiaro of theCountry Liberal Party. The CLP defeated Territory Labor to win office on 24 August 2024.[56][57][58]
The Northern Territory became self-governing on 1 July 1978 under its ownadministrator appointed by theGovernor-General of Australia. The federal government, not the NT government, advises the governor-general on the appointment of the administrator, but by convention consults first with the Territory government. The current administrator isHugh Heggie who commenced his three-year term on 31 January 2023; he had previously served as theNorthern Territory’s Chief Health Officer.[59][60]
The Northern Territory is divided intoseventeen local government areas: two cities, three municipalities, nine regions, and three shires. Shire, city and town councils are responsible for functions delegated by the Northern Territory parliament, such as road infrastructure and waste management. Council revenue comes mostly from property taxes and government grants.[61]
The CLP's rule was once so tight, that a former minister once said the CLP had a "'rightful inheritance of being the party that runs this place'".[64][65]
As fewer parties and candidates contest Northern Territory general elections than they do Australian federal elections in the Northern Territory, the CLP, Labor and independents usually have a higher vote share at territory elections than at federal elections in the Northern Territory due to the absence of right-wing minor parties such asPauline Hanson's One Nation and the fact that the Greens do not run in every seat at territory elections.[citation needed]
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (Est Resident Pop)
The population of the Northern Territory at the 2011 Australian census was 211,945,[67] a 10 per cent increase from the 2006 census. TheAustralian Bureau of Statistics estimated a June 2015 resident population of 244,300, taking into account residents overseas or interstate. The territory's population represents 1% of the total population of Australia.[68][69][70]
Darwin is the capital and largest city in the Northern Territory
The Northern Territory's population is the youngest in Australia and has the largest proportion (23.2%) under 15 years of age and the smallest proportion (5.7%) aged 65 and over. Themedian age of residents of the Northern Territory is 31 years, six years younger than the national median age.[67]
Indigenous Australians make up 30.3% of population[71] and own some 49% of the land. The life expectancy of Aboriginal Australians is well below that of non-Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory, a fact that is mirrored elsewhere in Australia. ABS statistics suggest that Indigenous Australians die about 11 years earlier than the average non-Indigenous Australian. There are Aboriginal communities in many parts of the territory, the largest ones being thePitjantjatjara nearUluru / Ayers Rock, theArrernte near Alice Springs, theLuritja between those two, theWarlpiri further north, and theYolngu in easternArnhem Land.
In 2019, 147,255[72] people lived in Darwin, an overwhelming majority of the Territory's population. Despite this, the Northern Territory is the least urbanised jurisdiction in the Commonwealth (followed byTasmania).[citation needed]
31.2% of the population was born overseas at the 2016 census. The five largest groups of overseas-born were from thePhilippines (2.6%),England (2.4%),New Zealand (2%),India (1.6%) andGreece (0.6%).[74][75]
At the 2021 census, 57.3% of the population spoke onlyEnglish at home. The other languages most commonly spoken at home wereKriol (2.2%),Djambarrpuyngu (1.7%),Greek (1.4%) andNepali (1.3%).[77][74][75]
In the 2021 census, Christianity is the major Religious affiliation in Northern Territory followed by 40.5% of its population. In 1971, Christianity was followed by 70.2% of the population and it has been declining since, while percentage of people who identified as having no religious affiliation has increased from 17.9% in 1971 to 38.5% in 2021.[77]
Hinduism is the territory's largest non-Christian religion (2.7%), followed byBuddhism (2.1%) andIslam (1.4%).[77][80]
A Northern Territory school education consists of six years of primary schooling, including one transition year, three years of middle schooling, and three years of secondary schooling. In the beginning of 2007, the Northern Territory introduced Middle School for Years 7–9 and High School for Years 10–12. Northern Territory children generally begin school at age five. On completing secondary school, students earn theNorthern Territory Certificate of Education and Training (NTCET). Students who successfully complete their secondary education also receive a tertiary entrance ranking, or ATAR score, to determine university admittance.
Northern Territory schools are either publicly or privately funded. Public schools, also known as state or government schools, are funded and run directly by the Department of Education.[81] Private fee-paying schools include schools run by the Catholic Church and independent schools, some elite ones similar to Englishpublic schools. Some Northern Territory Independent schools are affiliated withProtestant,Lutheran,Anglican,Greek Orthodox orSeventh-day Adventist Churches, but include non-church schools and an Indigenous school.
As of 2009, the Northern Territory had 151 public schools, 15 Catholic schools and 21 independent schools. 39,492 students were enrolled in schools around the territory with 29,175 in public schools, and 9,882 in independent schools. The Northern Territory has about 4,000 full-time teachers.
Library & Archives NT is the Northern Territory's public research library and archival organisation and it supports the development of library services across the Territory by supporting public libraries.[83][84] Library & Archives NT was formed in 2019 following the merge of the Northern Territory Archives Service and the Northern Territory Library.[85]
TheNational Archives of Australia also have a repository in Darwin, this is collocated with the Library & Archives NT repository at the Northern Territory Archives Centre.[86]
The Northern Territory's economy is largely driven bymining, which is concentrated on energy producingminerals, petroleum and energy and contributes around $2.5 billion to thegross state product and employs over 4,600 people. Mining accounts for 14.9% of the gross state product in 2014–15 compared to just 7% nationally.[87]
In recent years, largely due to the effect of major infrastructure projects and mine expansions, construction has overtaken mining as the largest single industry in the territory. Construction, mining and manufacturing, and government and community services, combine to account for about half of the territory's gross state product (GSP), compared to about a third of national gross domestic product (GDP).[88]
The economy has grown considerably over the past decade, from a value of $15 billion in 2004–05 to over $22 billion in 2014–15. In 2012–13 the territory economy expanded by 5.6%, over twice the level of national growth, and in 2014–15 it grew by 10.5%, four times the national growth rate.[88]
Between 2003 and 2006 the gross state product had risen from $8.67 billion to $11.476 billion, an increase of 32.4%. During the three years to 2006–2007 the Northern Territory gross state product grew by an average annual rate of 5.5%. Gross state product per capita in the Northern Territory ($72,496) is higher than any Australian state or territory and is also higher than the gross domestic product per capita for Australia ($54,606).
The Northern Territory's exports were up 12.9% or $681 million in 2012–13. The largest contributor to the territory's exports was: mineral fuels (largely LNG), crude materials (mainly mineral ores) and food and live animals (primarily live cattle). The main international markets for territory exports are Japan, China, Indonesia, the United States and Korea.[89][page needed]
Imports to the Northern Territory totalled $2,887.8 million which consisted of mainly machinery and equipment manufacturing (58.4%) and petroleum, coal, chemical and associated product manufacturing (17.0%).[90]
The principal mining operations are bauxite at Gove Peninsula where the production is estimated to increase 52.1% to $254 million in 2007–08, manganese at Groote Eylandt, production is estimated to increase 10.5% to $1.1 billion which will be helped by the newly developed mines include Bootu Creek and Frances Creek, gold which is estimated to increase 21.7 per cent to $672 million at the Union Reefs plant and uranium at Ranger Uranium Mine.[91]
Tourism is an important economic driver for the territory and a significant industry in regional areas.[92] Iconic destinations such asUluru / Ayers Rock andKakadu make the Northern Territory a popular destination for domestic and international travellers. Diverselandscapes,waterfalls, wide open spaces,aboriginal culture and wild and untamedwildlife provides the opportunity for visitors to immerse themselves in the natural wonder that the Northern Territory offers. In 2015, the territory received a total of about 1.6 million domestic and international visitors contributing an estimated $2.0 billion to the local economy. Holiday visitors made up the majority of total visitation (about 792,000 visitors).
Tourism has strong links to other sectors in the economy including accommodation and food services, retail trade, recreation and culture, and transport.[92]
The Northern Territory announced that it will undertake a project which will benefit itsmarine industry, including the development of a new Marine Industry Park near Darwin.[when?][96]
The Northern Territory is the most sparsely populated state or territory in Australia.
The NT has a connected network of sealed roads, including two national highways, linking with adjoining states and connecting the major territory population centres, and other important centres such as Uluru (Ayers Rock),Kakadu and Litchfield National Parks. The Stuart Highway, once known as "The Track", runs north to south, connecting Darwin andAlice Springs toAdelaide. Some of the sealed roads are single-lane bitumen. Many unsealed (dirt) roads connect the more remote settlements.
The fatigue resulting from long-distance driving and the hazards inherent in dirt roads, wildlife, water crossings and wild weather have led the Northern Territory Government to pursue road safety campaigns in English and several Aboriginal languages. Persuading people to drive at the right speed for the road conditions has been a key goal.[97][98] As of 2021[update], the Northern Territory's road vehicle speed limit in built-up areas was 60 kilometres per hour unless the town had gazetted a lower default speed limit: many had chosen 50 km/h or lower. Outside most built-up areas the default speed limit was 110 km/h unless a speed limit sign stated otherwise. Reflecting the nature of the topography and very low population density, some sections of the Arnhem, Barkly, Stuart and Victoria highways had a maximum speed of 130 km/h.[99]
In 2004, astandard gauge railway was opened between Alice Springs and Darwin, completing theAdelaide–Darwin rail corridor and bringing to fruition the dream of a transcontinental railway initiated in 1878 with theCentral Australia Railway from the south and theNorth Australia Railway from the north – but with a gap of more than 800 km (500 mi) between Alice Springs andBirdum still to be bridged when the antique1067 mm (3 ft 6 in) narrow-gauge railway was closed in 1976.[100] The line carries fast freight trains and one passenger train:The Ghan experiential tourism train that runs between Darwin and Adelaide, stopping in the NT atKatherine,Tennant Creek,Alice Springs andKulgera.
The Northern Territory has only one daily tabloid newspaper,News Corporation'sNorthern Territory News, orNT News.The Sunday Territorian is the sister paper to theNT News and is the only dedicated Sunday tabloid newspaper in the Northern Territory.
The radio stations in Alice Springs are also broadcast on the AM and FM frequencies. ABC stations include Triple J (94.9FM), ABC Classic FM (97.9FM),783 ABC Alice Springs (783AM), ABC News Radio (104.1FM) and ABC Radio National (99.7FM). There are two community stations in the town—CAAMA (100.5FM) and 8CCC (102.1FM). The commercial stations, which are both owned by the same company areSun 96.9 (96.9FM) and8HA (900AM). Christian radio stationVision Christian Radio (88.0FM). Two additional stations, Territory FM (98.7FM) andRadio TAB (95.9FM) are syndicated from Darwin and Brisbane, respectively.
^According to theAustralian Bureau of Statistics, Significant Urban Areas are defined to represent significant towns and cities, or agglomerations of smaller towns, that have at least 10,000 total population. Significant Urban Areas may contain more than one distinct Urban Centre. There are urban areas of greater than 10,000 people that the ABS does not currently classify as Significant Urban Areas.
^The ABS currently only defines two Significant Urban Areas within the Northern Territory.
^According to theAustralian Bureau of Statistics, Urban Centres represent areas of concentrated urban development with populations of 1,000 people or more.
^In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source,England,Scotland,Mainland China and the Special Administrative Regions ofHong Kong andMacau are listed separately
^As a percentage of 199,426 persons who nominated their ancestry at the 2016 census.
^Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying asAboriginal Australians orTorres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
^The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of theAnglo-Celtic group.[76]
^Of any ancestry. Includes those identifying asAboriginal Australians orTorres Strait Islanders. Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.
^abWhile theAustralian Capital Territory is also an Australian internal territory and indeed more populous than the Northern Territory, it is informally referred to as the "ACT", or simply “Canberra”. While the demonym for a resident of the Northern Territory is simply "Territorian", the demonym for a resident of the Australian Capital Territory is "Canberran".
^"Magazine".The Canberra Times. Vol. 65, no. 20, 385. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 3 February 1991. p. 18. Retrieved5 September 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
^Northern Territory Acceptance Act 1910 (Cth)s 6. "The Northern Territory is by this Act declared to be accepted by the Commonwealth as a Territory under the authority of the Commonwealth, by the name of the Northern Territory of Australia."
^"Industries".Northern Territory Economy. Department of Treasury and Finance, Northern Territory Government. 2019.Archived from the original on 19 April 2023. Retrieved31 August 2020.
^"International trade".Northern Territory Economy. Department of Treasury and Finance, Northern Territory Government. 2019.Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved31 August 2020.
^Clarkson, Chris; Jacobs, Zenobia; Marwick, Ben; Fullagar, Richard; Wallis, Lynley; Smith, Mike; Roberts, Richard G.; Hayes, Elspeth; Lowe, Kelsey; Carah, Xavier; Florin, S. Anna; McNeil, Jessica; Cox, Delyth; Arnold, Lee J.; Hua, Quan; Huntley, Jillian; Brand, Helen E. A.; Manne, Tiina; Fairbairn, Andrew; Shulmeister, James; Lyle, Lindsey; Salinas, Makiah; Page, Mara; Connell, Kate; Park, Gayoung; Norman, Kasih; Murphy, Tessa; Pardoe, Colin (2017)."Human occupation of northern Australia by 65,000 years ago"(PDF).Nature.547 (7663). Springer Nature:306–310.Bibcode:2017Natur.547..306C.doi:10.1038/nature22968.hdl:2440/107043.ISSN0028-0836.PMID28726833.S2CID205257212.Archived(PDF) from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved24 September 2019.
^"Wasted Years".The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 34, 577. New South Wales, Australia. 16 October 1948. p. 6. Retrieved20 July 2019 – via National Library of Australia.
^Government, Northern Territory (22 September 2023)."Role of the Administrator".govhouse.nt.gov.au. Retrieved18 September 2024.
^Government, Northern Territory (18 July 2024)."Government Gazettes".nt.gov.au.Archived from the original on 30 September 2024. Retrieved18 September 2024.
^"Daily Extremes".Bureau of Meteorology.Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved5 December 2020.
^Government, Northern Territory (16 June 2017)."Members".parliament.nt.gov.au.Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved18 September 2024.
^ABC Lateline Discussion (Current Affairs). Australia: Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 15 October 1998. Archived fromthe original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved10 February 2007.
^Government, Northern Territory (5 February 2024)."About the Administrator".govhouse.nt.gov.au.Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved18 September 2024.
^"Find your council".Northern Territory Government. 10 July 2024.Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved18 September 2024.
^"Regional population".Population estimates and components by LGA. Australian Bureau of Statistics. 26 March 2024.Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved11 September 2024.
^"About us".Department of Education. Northern Territory Government. 22 December 2023.Archived from the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved23 March 2015.
^"Drive to conditions".Towards Zero. Northern Territory Government. 2021.Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved3 January 2022.
^"Fatigue and driving".Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics. Northern Territory Government. March 2015.Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved3 January 2022.
^"Speed limits".Department of Infrastructure, Planning and Logistics. Northern Territory Government. December 2020.Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved3 January 2022.
^Fuller, Basil (1975).The Ghan: the story of the Alice Springs railway. Adelaide: Rigby. p. 180.ISBN0727000160.
^"About Us".Qnews.com.au.Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved30 April 2019.
^"Home".Darwin Symphony Orchestra.Archived from the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved18 September 2024.
Hill, Ernestine. 1951.The Territory: The classic saga of Australia's far north. Angus & Robertson. Reprint: 1995.ISBN0-207-18821-1
Govan, A. (2007) Broadband debate key to NT's future. N.T. Business Review, vol. N/A, no. N/A, p. 7
Morrison, P. (2000) a pilot implementation of internet access for remote aboriginal communities in the "Top end" Of Australia. Urban Studies, Vol. 37, No.10, pp. 1781–1792.
Toyne, P. (2002) Northern Territory Government's Response to the House of Representatives Communications, Information Technology & the Arts Committee inquiry into Wireless Broadband Communications. In N.T. GOVERNMENT (Ed.) (pp. 3). Darwin: Northern Territory Government.
Toyne, P. (2003) Remote Areas Telecommunications Strategy 2003–2008. In N. T. GOVERNMENT (Ed.) (pp. 1– 32). Darwin N.T. viewed 6 February 2008, <Wayback Machine>
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