Languages spoken in northwest North America
Northern Athabaskan is a geographic sub-grouping of theAthabaskan language family spoken by indigenous peoples in the northern part ofNorth America , particularly inAlaska (Alaskan Athabaskans ),Yukon , and theNorthwest Territories . Thesprachraum of Northern Athabaskan languages spans the interior of Alaska to theHudson Bay in Canada and from the Arctic Circle to the Canadian-American border.[ 1] Dane-zaa ,Chipewyan ,Babine-Witsuwitʼen ,Carrier , andSlavey ;.[ 1]
Northern Athabaskan Southern Alaskan Ahtna Central Copper River Ahtna Lower Copper River Ahtna Mentasta (also known as Upper Ahtna) Western Ahtna Dena’ina Lower Inlet Dena’ina Upper Inlet Dena’ina Central Alaska–Yukon Koyukon Tanana–TutchoneUpper Kuskokwim Tanana Lower Tanana Minto-Tolovana-Toklat-Nenana-Wood RiverMinto-Tolovana Toklat Nenana Wood River Chena Salcha-Goodpastor Tanacross Upper Tanana Nabesna Tetlin Northway Scottie Creek Canadian Upper Tanana Tutchone Southern Tutchone (sometimes considered to be just a dialect) Northern Tutchone (also known as Mayo) (sometimes considered to be just a dialect) Kutchin–HanGwich’in Alaskan Gwich’in (also known as Western Gwich’in) Canadian Gwich’in (also known as Eastern Gwich’in) Hän Northwestern Canada CordilleraCentral Cordillera (also known as Tahltan-Tagish-Kaska)†Tagish Tahltan Kaska Southeastern CordilleraSekani Danezaa MackenzieSlavey–Hare Slavey (also known as Slavey proper, South Slavey, Southern Slavey, Dene Tha, Esclave, Nahane, Nahani, Slave) Mountain (also known as Montagnards, Nahane, Nahani, Sih gotine, Sihta gotine) Bearlake (also known as Satudine, Sahtu gotine, Bear Lake) Hare (also known as Kawchottine, Ka so gotine, Kancho, Kawchodinneh, Rabbitskins, Ta-na-tin-ne) Dogrib ChipewyanDene Suline †Tsetsaut Central British Columbia Babine-Witsuwit'en Babine (also known as Nadot’en, Nedut’en, Nat’oot’en) Takla Witsuwit’en (also known as Wetsuwet’en, Wets’uwet’en, Wet’suwet’en)Moricetown Francois Lake Dakelh Central Carrier (also known as Upper Carrier) Southern Carrier (also known as Lower Carrier)Tsilhqotʼin language †Nicola Stuwix , Nicola-Similkameen)Sarsi Kwalhioqua–Tlatskanai In at least one Northern Athabaskan language, Slavey, a shift has occurred in thefricative /θ / to/f / ; this is the same sound change found in theCockney dialect of English.[ 2]
Northern
Southern Alaskan Central Alaska–Yukon Northwestern Canada Central British Columbia Other North Athabaskan
Pacific Coast
California Athabaskan Oregon Athabaskan
Southern
Western Apachean Eastern Apachean Plains Apachean
Proto-language
