North Pole-1 (Russian:Северный полюс-1) was the world's firstmanned drifting station in theArctic Ocean, primarily used for research.
North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 and officially opened on 6 June, some 20 kilometres (12 mi) from theNorth Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led byOtto Schmidt. The expedition had been airlifted by aviation units under the command ofMark Shevelev. "NP-1" operated for 9 months, during which theice floe travelled 2,850 kilometres (1,770 mi). The commander of the station wasIvan Papanin. On 19 February 1938 the Soviet ice breakersTaimyr andMurman took four polar explorers off the station close to the eastern coast ofGreenland. They arrived inLeningrad on 15 March on board the icebreakerYermak.[1]
The expedition members, hydrobiologistPyotr Shirshov, geophysicistYevgeny Fyodorov, radiomanErnst Krenkel, and the commander Ivan Papanin,[2] were awarded theHero of the Soviet Union title.[1]
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