North Dakota Legislative Assembly | |
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| Type | |
| Type | |
| Houses | Senate House of Representatives |
Term limits | 2 terms in each house |
| Leadership | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 141 voting members
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Senate political groups |
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House of Representatives political groups |
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| Elections | |
LastSenate election | November 5, 2024 |
LastHouse of Representatives election | November 5, 2024 |
NextSenate election | November 3, 2026 |
NextHouse of Representatives election | November 3, 2026 |
| Meeting place | |
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| North Dakota State Capitol Bismarck | |
| Website | |
| https://ndlegis.gov/assembly | |
TheNorth Dakota Legislative Assembly is thestate legislature of theU.S. state ofNorth Dakota. The Legislative Assembly consists oftwo chambers, thelowerNorth Dakota House of Representatives, with 94 representatives, and theupperNorth Dakota Senate, with 47 senators. The state is divided into 47 constituent districts, with two representatives and one senator elected from each district. Due to the Legislative Assembly being a biennial legislature, with the House and Senate sitting for only 80 days in odd-numbered years, a Legislative Council oversees legislative affairs in the interim periods, doing longer-term studies of issues, and drafting legislation for consideration of both houses during the next session.
Members of both houses are limited to two four-year terms since January 2023.[1] Prior to this, members were elected withoutterm limits.
The Legislative Assembly convenes in the west chamber of the 19-storyArt Decostate capitol building inBismarck.
According to Article IV, Section 1 of theNorth Dakota Constitution, the Senate must be composed of no fewer than 40 senators, and no more than 54. Similarly, the House of Representatives must be composed of no fewer than 80 and no more than 108 representatives. Section 2 states that the Legislative Assembly can divide the state into as many legislative districts of compact and contiguous territory as there are senators. A senator and at least two representatives must be apportioned to each senatorial district and be elected at large or from subdistricts from those districts. The Legislative Assembly may combine two senatorial districts only when a single member senatorial district includes afederal facility or federal installation, containing over two-thirds of the population of a single member senatorial district, and may provide for the election of senatorsat-large and representatives at-large from subdistricts from those districts.
On September 1, 1970, North Dakota voters approved calling a constitutional convention.[2] As part of the convention, on April 28, 1972, North Dakota held a ballot referral on whether the legislature should remain bicameral or become unicameral. While voters approved a change to a unicameral legislature by nearly 70-30, it would have only taken effect if the voters also approved the new state constitution on the same ballot, but it was rejected 62.69-37.31.[3][4]
In addition to a four-year term for both houses of the Legislative Assembly, Section 3 states that one-half of the members of the Senate and one-half of the members of the House of Representatives must be elected biennially. Originally, the North Dakota Constitution limited members of theNorth Dakota House of Representatives to two-year terms, with the all representatives standing for reelection at the same time. In 1996, the voters approved aconstitutional amendment that changed the term for representatives to four-years with staggered terms. The amendment went into effect July 1, 1997, and was first applied in the 1998 elections.[5][6] In 2022, they also approved another amendment, a measure that imposed a two-term limit for assembly members elected since that year.[1]Allstatutes passed by the Legislative Assembly and signed by the governor become part of theNorth Dakota Century Code.
Members of both houses elected to the Legislative Assembly must be, on the day of the election, a qualified elector from their home district and must be a resident ofNorth Dakota for one year immediately prior to their election.
Due to the biennial nature of the legislature, legislation, research, committee reports, and testimony during interim periods is provided by the Legislative Management. Legislative Management consists of 17 legislators, including the majority and minority leaders of both houses and the Speaker of the House. The Speaker appoints six other representatives, three from the majority party and three from the minority party as recommended by the majority and minority leaders, respectively. TheLieutenant Governor, as President of the Senate, appoints four senators from the majority and two from the minority as recommended by the majority and minority leaders, though the Senate President does not sit on Legislative Management.
Built between 1883 and 1884, the original territorial (and later) state capitol building served as the home to the Legislative Assembly until the morning of December 28, 1930, when the original building burned down. During the fire,Secretary of State Robert Byrne saved the original copy of thestate constitution, but suffered cuts and burns on his hands while breaking a window to reach the document. In the interim period without a capitol, the Legislative Assembly convened in both the War Memorial Building and the City Auditorium inBismarck. Under the approval of GovernorGeorge F. Shafer, the currentArt Deco capitol was built as a replacement between 1931 and 1934 in the midst of theGreat Depression.
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