| Attorney General of North Carolina | |
|---|---|
 Seal of the attorney general | |
.jpg) | |
| Member of | Council of State |
| Term length | Four years |
| Inaugural holder | Waightstill Avery |
| Formation | 1776 |
| Succession | Seventh |
| Salary | US$168,384 annually |
| Website | ncdoj |
Theattorney general of North Carolina is a statewide elected office in theU.S. state ofNorth Carolina. The attorney general is aconstitutional officer responsible for representing state agencies in legal matters, supplying other state officials and prosecutors with legal advice, and leading the North Carolina Department of Justice. The incumbent attorney general,Jeff Jackson, assumed office on January 1, 2025. The position of attorney general dates back to North Carolina's colonial history. North Carolina's 1776 constitution established the office as an official appointed by theNorth Carolina General Assembly. The state's 1868 constitution made the attorney general an elected executive official with their duties prescribed by law. Since 1971, the officer has sat on theNorth Carolina Council of State.
The title "Attorney General" was used in the colonial territory encompassing what became North Carolina as early as 1677, whenGeorge Durant was appointed by GovernorJohn Jenkins.[1] In 1697 the British Crown appointed an attorney general for the entireProvince of Carolina;[2] such attorneys general would serve the entire province until it was split into the provincesNorth Carolina andSouth Carolina and both received their own attorneys general. The attorneys general in North Carolina and otherBritish American colonies served as representatives of and exercised the same powers as theBritish attorneys general.[3] The last colonial attorney general, Thomas McGuire, was appointed in 1767 and, according to the Office of theNorth Carolina Secretary of State, "presumably" served until the outbreak of theAmerican Revolution.[4]
Following the start of the revolution, the newstates of the United States ratified constitutions, most of which provided for the position of attorney general. TheConstitution of North Carolina, ratified on December 18, 1776, established the office in Article XIII. Under the article, the attorney general was to be appointed by theNorth Carolina General Assembly and to serve as long as they maintained "good behavior", similar to judges.[5] Like other state attorneys general, North Carolina's officer exercised authority derived from Englishcommon law, colonial traditions, and state laws.[6] The first attorney general for the independent state of North Carolina wasWaightstill Avery, who served from 1777 to 1779.[7] The General Assembly placed significant limits on the attorney general's authority, appointing their deputies and, by 1806, curtailing their ability to prosecute cases to one of six specified jurisdictions in the state.[5] In 1835, a new state constitution provided for the attorney general to serve a four-year term.[8]
The 1868 constitution made the attorney general an elected member of the executive branch.[5] Under this framework, the attorney general served as the legal advisor to theNorth Carolina Council of State, but was not formally one of its members.[9] The constitution made the attorney general anex officio member of theState Board of Education[10] and provided for the officer's duties to be determined by law. That year, the General Assembly prescribed eight statutory duties for the attorney general: defending the state's interests in legal matters, representing government agencies upon request, advising local prosecutors, delivering an annual report to the legislature, summarizing reports from local prosecutors, providing legal advice to the legislature and other government agencies, delivering funds to the state, and maintaining a record of their office's accounts.[6] Most prosecutions for criminal offenses were made the responsibility of district solicitors.[11]
The state's new constitution in 1971 altered the attorney general's office and duties little, though it made the officer a full member of the Council of State and removed them from the State Board of Education.[12] The North Carolina Department of Justice—combining the Office of the Attorney General, theState Bureau of Investigation (SBI), the General Statutes Commission, and the police information network—was created by the General Assembly in 1971.[13][14] In the early 1970s, incumbentRobert Burren Morgan shifted the office's emphasis from government legal matters and law enforcement towardsconsumer protection, and raised its political profile by forming relationships with the governor, the General Assembly, and otherstates' attorneys general.[15] In 1984, a referendum approved an amendment to the constitution to require that the attorney general be licensed to practice law in North Carolina.[16] In 2014, the SBI was removed from the attorney general's purview and made an independent agency responsible to the governor.[17][18] The incumbent attorney general,DemocratJeff Jackson, assumed office on January 1, 2025.[19]
Article III, Section 7, of the Constitution of North Carolina stipulates the popular election of the attorney general every four years.[20] The office holder is not subject to term limits.[21] In the event of a vacancy in the office, theGovernor of North Carolina has the authority to appoint a successor until a candidate is elected at the next general election for members of the General Assembly. Per Article III, Section 8 of the constitution, the attorney general sits on theCouncil of State.[20] They are seventh in theline of succession to the governor.[22][23] As with all Council of State officers, the attorney general's salary is fixed by the General Assembly and cannot be reduced during their term of office.[24] As of 2025, the attorney general's annual salary is $168,384.[25]
The attorney general serves as the state government's top legal officer.[26][27] Their duties and responsibilities are mostly enumerated in North Carolina's generalstatutes.[12] Their duties include providing legal representation to all state agencies; supplying advice upon request to judges, magistrates, and county andcity attorneys in accordance with theAmerican Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct; and addressingappeals to state trial court verdicts. The attorney general may initiate legal action in the public interest or intervene in proceedings before any federal and state courts, regulatory officers, agencies or bodies on behalf of the state.[28] The attorney general is restricted by law from contravening the stances of the General Assembly in court proceedings or arguing that its actions are unconstitutional.[29]
Per statute, the attorney general renders nonbinding legal opinions upon questions of law submitted by the General Assembly, the governor, or any other state officer.[28][30][a] Despite their role as the top legal representative for the state, attorneys' general views are often passed over by governors, who frequently seek the advice of their appointed legal counsel.[27] Generally, the attorney general cannot give legal advice to private entities.[28] The General Assembly has also affirmed that the attorney general has power vested in them by common law tradition, as long as such authority is exercised in a manner consistent with state laws and the constitution.[33] TheSupreme Court of North Carolina has not delineated the scope of the officer's common law authority, though it has ruled that this bestows upon the attorney general a "duty to prosecute all actions necessary for the protection and defense of the property and revenue of the sovereign people of North Carolina."[34] The attorney general is forbidden by law from assuming the stance in court litigation that any segment of state legislation is unconstitutional.[35]
The attorney general leads the North Carolina Department of Justice[26] and appoints its director.[36] It is in charge of the state crime lab.[37] They cannot prosecute cases themselves unless asked to do so by a local district attorney. The attorney general does not have any authority over courts, local district attorneys, or local law enforcement agencies.[28]
Historically, most North Carolina attorneys general have been Democrats.[38] As of 2024, the lastRepublican to win election to the office wasZeb V. Walser in 1896. RepublicanJames H. Carson Jr. was appointed to the office in 1974 to fill a vacancy and served for several months.[39]
Beginning in 1968, every Democrat elected to the attorney general's office has eventually campaigned to be elected governor except for Morgan, who was elected to theU.S. Senate in 1974. As of 2024, three of them,Mike Easley,Roy Cooper, andJosh Stein were successful, while two others were unsuccessful.[39][40]
| No. | Attorney General | Term in office | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thomas McGuire | 1767 – 1776 | [7] | |
| 2 | Waightstill Avery | 1777 – 1779 | [7] | |
| 3 |  | James Iredell | 1779 – 1782 | [7] |
| 4 |  | Alfred Moore | 1782 – 1791 | [7] |
| 5 |  | John Haywood | 1792 – 1795 | [7] |
| 6 | Blake Baker Jr. | 1795 – 1803 | [7] | |
| 7 |  | Henry Seawell | 1803 – 1808 | [7] |
| 8 |  | Oliver Fitts | 1808 – 1810 | [7] |
| 9 |  | William Miller | 1810 | [7] |
| 10 |  | Hutchins Gordon Burton | 1810 – 1816 | [7] |
| 11 | William P. Drew | 1816 – 1824 | [7] | |
| 12 | James F. Taylor | 1825 – 1828 | [7] | |
| 13 |  | Robert H. Jones | 1828 | [7] |
| 14 |  | Romulus Mitchell Saunders | 1828 – 1834 | [7] |
| 15 | John Reeves Jones Daniel | 1835 – 1841 | [7] | |
| 16 | Hugh McQueen | 1841 – 1842 | [7] | |
| 17 | Spier Whitaker | 1842 – 1846 | [7] | |
| 18 |  | Edward Stanly | 1846 – 1848 | [7] |
| 19 |  | Bartholomew F. Moore | 1848 – 1851 | [7] |
| 20 | William Eaton Jr. | 1851 – 1852 | [7] | |
| 21 |  | Matt Whitaker Ransom | 1853 – 1855 | [7] |
| 22 |  | Joseph B. Batchelor | 1855 – 1856 | [7] |
| 23 |  | William Henry Bailey | 1857 | [7] |
| 24 | William A. Jenkins | 1857 – 1862 | [7] | |
| 25 |  | Sion Hart Rogers | 1863 – 1868 | [7] |
| No. | Attorney General | Term in office | Party | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | William M. Coleman | 1868 – 1869 | Republican | [7] | |
| 27 | Lewis P. Olds | 1869 – 1870 | Republican | [7] | |
| 28 | William Marcus Shipp | 1870 – 1873 | Democratic | [7] | |
| 29 |  | Tazewell L. Hargrove | 1873 – 1877 | Republican | [7] |
| 30 |  | Thomas S. Kenan | 1877 – 1885 | Democratic | [7] |
| 31 |  | Theodore F. Davidson | 1885 – 1893 | Democratic | [7] |
| 32 |  | Frank I. Osborne | 1893 – 1897 | Democratic | [41] |
| 33 |  | Zeb V. Walser | 1897 – 1900 | Republican | [41] |
| 34 |  | Robert Dick Douglas | 1900 – 1901 | Republican | [41] |
| 35 |  | Robert D. Gilmer | 1901 – 1909 | Democratic | [41] |
| 36 | .jpg) | Thomas Walter Bickett | 1909 – 1917 | Democratic | [41] |
| 37 |  | James S. Manning | 1917 – 1925 | Democratic | [41] |
| 38 |  | Dennis G. Brummitt | 1925 – 1935 | Democratic | [41] |
| 39 |  | Aaron A. F. Seawell | 1935 – 1938 | Democratic | [41] |
| 40 |  | Harry McMullan | 1938 – 1955 | Democratic | [41] |
| 41 |  | William B. Rodman Jr. | 1955 – 1956 | Democratic | [42] |
| 42 |  | George B. Patton | 1956 – 1958 | Democratic | [41] |
| 43 |  | Malcolm B. Seawell | 1958 – 1960 | Democratic | [41] |
| 44 |  | T. Wade Bruton | 1960 – 1969 | Democratic | [41] |
| 45 |  | Robert B. Morgan | 1969 – 1974 | Democratic | [41] |
| 46 |  | James H. Carson Jr. | 1974 – 1975 | Republican | [41] |
| 47 |  | Rufus L. Edmisten | 1975 – 1985 | Democratic | [41] |
| 48 |  | Lacy Thornburg | 1985 – 1993 | Democratic | [41] |
| 49 |  | Mike Easley | 1993 – 2001 | Democratic | [43] |
| 50 |  | Roy Cooper | 2001 – 2017 | Democratic | [44] |
| 51 |  | Josh Stein | 2017 – 2025 | Democratic | [45] |
| 52 |  | Jeff Jackson | 2025 – present | Democratic | [19] |
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