| North Anatolian Fault | |
|---|---|
 The North Anatolian Fault and slip magnitudes of earthquakes in the 20th century | |
 The North Anatolian and neighbouring faults covering most of Turkey | |
| Coordinates | 41°00′N35°00′E / 41.000°N 35.000°E /41.000; 35.000 |
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Marmara region,Black Sea Region,Eastern Anatolia region |
| Cities | Istanbul,Bursa,Kocaeli,Bolu,Tokat,Erzincan,Erzurum |
| Characteristics | |
| Elevation | 3,937 metres (12,917 ft) |
| Top depth | 1,370 metres (4,495 ft) |
| Range | Pontic Mountains,Köroğlu Mountains |
| Length | 1,500 kilometres (900 mi) |
| Strike | E-W |
| Tectonics | |
| Plate | Anatolian sub-plate,Eurasian plate |
| Status | Active |
| Earthquakes | List of earthquakes in Turkey |
| Type | strike-slip fault |
TheNorth Anatolian Fault (NAF;Turkish:Kuzey Anadolu Fay Hattı) is an active right-lateralstrike-slip fault in northernAnatolia, and is thetransform boundary between theEurasian plate and theAnatolian sub-plate. The fault extends westward from a junction with theEast Anatolian Fault at the Karliova triple junction in easternTurkey, across northern Turkey and into theAegean Sea for a length of 1200[1]−1500 kilometers.[2] It runs about 20 km south ofIstanbul.The North Anatolian Fault is similar in many ways to theSan Andreas Fault in California. Both are continentaltransforms with similar lengths and slip rates. TheSea of Marmara nearIstanbul is an extensional basin similar to theSalton Trough in California, where areleasing bend in the strike slip system creates apull-apart basin.
Since the disastrous1939 Erzincan earthquake, there have been sevenearthquakes measuring over 7.0 in magnitude,[3] each happening at a point progressively further west.[4]Seismologists studying this pattern believe that each earthquake may trigger the next.[5] By analyzing the stresses along the fault caused by each large earthquake, they were able to predict[quantify]the shock that hit the town ofİzmit with devastating effect in August 1999. It is thought that the chain is not complete, and that an earthquake will soon strike further west along the fault – perhaps near the heavily populated city of Istanbul.
| Event | Moment magnitude | Casualties |
|---|---|---|
| 1929 Suşehri | 6.3 | 64 dead[6] |
| 1939 Erzincan | 7.8 | 32,700+ dead and 100,000+ injured |
| 1942 Niksar–Erbaa | 7.0 | ~3,000 dead |
| 1943 Tosya–Ladik | 7.2 | 2,824 dead |
| 1944 Bolu–Gerede | 7.2 | 3,959 dead |
| 1949 Karlıova | 6.7 | 320 dead |
| 1951 Kurşunlu | 6.9 | 50 dead and 3,354 injured |
| 1957 Abant | 7.1 | 52 dead |
| 1966 Varto | 6.9 | 2,394 dead and 1,489 injured |
| 1967 Mudurnu Valley | 7.1 | 86 dead, 332 injured |
| 1992 Erzincan | 6.7 | 498+ dead and 2,000+ injured |
| 1999 İzmit | 7.6 | 18,373 dead and 43,953+ injured |
| 1999 Düzce | 7.2 | 845+ dead and 4,948 injured |
| 2022 Düzce | 6.1 | 2 dead and 93 injured |
| 2025 Sea of Marmara | 6.2 | 165 injured |
The North Anatolian Fault is a 1,500-kilometer-long east-west trending fault that runs across most of Turkey.