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Nodule (medicine)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Solid, non-blisterform elevated areas in or under the skin
This article is about tissue nodules in medicine. For other uses, seeNodule (disambiguation).
Medical condition
Nodule
SpecialtyPathology

Inmedicine,nodules are small firm lumps, usually greater than 1 cm in diameter.[1][2] If filled with fluid they are referred to ascysts.[2] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termedpapules.[3]

The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition.[4]

Nodules in skin includedermatofibroma[5] andpyogenic granuloma.[6] Nodules may form ontendons andmuscles in response to injury,[7] and are frequently found onvocal cords.[8] They may occur in organs such as thelung,[9] orthyroid,[10] or be a sign in other medical conditions such asrheumatoid arthritis.[11]

Characteristics

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Nodules are small firm lumps usually greater than 1 cm in diameter, found inskin and otherorgans.[1][2] If filled with fluid they are usually softer and referred to ascysts.[2] Smaller (less than 0.5 cm) raised soft tissue bumps may be termedpapules.[3]

Evaluation

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The evaluation of a skin nodule includes a description of its appearance, its location, how it feels to touch and any associated symptoms which may give clues to an underlying medical condition.[4]

Often discovered unintentionally on a chest x-ray, a single nodule in the lung requires assessment to exclude cancer.[9]

Conditions

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Nodules may form ontendons andmuscles in response to injury,[7] and are frequently found onvocal cords,[8] They occur in conditions includingendometriosis,[12]neurofibromatosis,[6] and inrheumatoid arthritis.[11] They may also feature inKaposi's sarcoma[13] andgonorrhea.[14]

Other examples

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References

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  1. ^abMosby (2013).Mosby's Medical Dictionary - E-Book. Elsevier. pp. 1235–1236.ISBN 978-0-323-11258-1.
  2. ^abcdOakley, Amanda."Terminology in dermatology | DermNet NZ".dermnetnz.org. Retrieved13 January 2021.
  3. ^abPotter, Patricia A.; Perry, Anne Griffin; Stockert, Patricia; Hall, Amy (2014-03-25).Essentials for Nursing Practice - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.ISBN 978-0-323-18881-4.
  4. ^abEvangelisto, Amy; Werth, Victoria; Schumacher, H. Ralph (October 2006). "What is that nodule? A diagnostic approach to evaluating subcutaneous and cutaneous nodules".Journal of Clinical Rheumatology: Practical Reports on Rheumatic & Musculoskeletal Diseases.12 (5):230–240.doi:10.1097/01.rhu.0000240034.72958.2f.ISSN 1076-1608.PMID 17023809.
  5. ^abLinton, Christina P. (March 2011). "Essential Morphologic Terms and Definitions".Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association.3 (2):102–103.doi:10.1097/JDN.0b013e318211c6f0.ISSN 1945-760X.
  6. ^abcde"Dermal and subcutaneous lesions | DermNet NZ".dermnetnz.org. Retrieved13 January 2021.
  7. ^abAshton-Miller, James A. (11 April 1999). "III: Workshop Papers".Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Report, Workshop Summary, and Workshop Papers. Washington, D.C.:National Academies Press. Response of Muscle and Tendon to Injury and Overuse.ISBN 0-309-06397-3. Retrieved13 January 2021.
  8. ^ab"BRITISH VOICE ASSOCIATION: Vocal nodules".www.britishvoiceassociation.org.uk. Retrieved13 January 2021.
  9. ^abKikano, George E.; Fabien, Andre; Schilz, Robert (15 December 2015)."Evaluation of the Solitary Pulmonary Nodule".American Family Physician.92 (12):1084–1091.ISSN 0002-838X.PMID 26760594. Retrieved14 January 2021.
  10. ^abBritton, K. E.; Gilday, David L.; Maisey, Michael (2013-12-11).Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Springer.ISBN 978-1-4899-3358-4.
  11. ^ab"Rheumatoid nodules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA)".NRAS. Retrieved13 January 2021.
  12. ^Nisenblat V, Bossuyt PM, Farquhar C, Johnson N, Hull ML (February 2016)."Imaging modalities for the non-invasive diagnosis of endometriosis".The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2016 (2) CD009591.doi:10.1002/14651858.cd009591.pub2.PMC 7100540.PMID 26919512.painful palpable nodules
  13. ^Massi, Daniela; Luzar, Boštjan; Alos, Llucia (2016)."15. Common skin tumours of the head and neck". In Cardesa, Antonio; Slootweg, Pieter J.; Gale, Nina; Franchi, Alessandro (eds.).Pathology of the Head and Neck. Springer. p. 737.ISBN 978-3-662-49670-1.
  14. ^Berg, Dale; Worzala, Katherine (2006)."3. Female genitourinary examination".Atlas of Adult Physical Diagnosis. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 55.ISBN 978-0-7817-4190-3.
  15. ^"New York Thyroid Center: Thyroid Nodules". Archived fromthe original on 2010-09-17.
  16. ^Ost, David; Fein, Alan M.; Feinsilver, Steven H. (June 2003). "Clinical practice. The solitary pulmonary nodule".New England Journal of Medicine.348 (25):2535–42.doi:10.1056/NEJMcp012290.PMID 12815140.

External links

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Overview oftumors,cancer andoncology
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Malignant progression
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