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No. 6 Squadron RAF

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flying squadron of the Royal Air Force

No. 6 Squadron RAF
Squadron badge
Active
  • 1914–1918 (RFC)
  • 1918–2007
  • 2010 – present
CountryUnited Kingdom
BranchRoyal Air Force
TypeFlying squadron
RoleMulti–role combat
Part ofCombat Air Force
StationRAF Lossiemouth
Nickname'The Flying Tin Openers'
MottosOculi Exercitus
(Latin for 'The eyes of the army')
AircraftEurofighter Typhoon FGR4
Commanders
Current
commander
Wing Commander G Montgomery
Insignia
Tail badge
Roundel
Tail codesEA–EZ (Jaguar andTyphoon)
Military unit

Number 6 Squadron of theRoyal Air Force operates theEurofighter Typhoon FGR.4 atRAF Lossiemouth.[1]It was previously equipped with theSEPECAT Jaguar GR.3 in theclose air support and tacticalreconnaissance roles, and was posted toRAF Coltishall,Norfolk until April 2006, moving toRAF Coningsby until disbanding for the first time in its history on 31 May 2007. The squadron officially reformed as a Typhoon squadron on 6 September 2010.[2] No. 6 Squadron is unique in having two Royal standards, having been awarded its second one byKing Abdullah I of Jordan in October 1950 due to its long period of service in the Middle East.

History

[edit]

First World War

[edit]

The squadron was formed on 31 January 1914 (1914-01-31), atFarnborough Aerodrome as No. 6 Squadron,Royal Flying Corps.[3] Its first squadron commander was MajorJohn Becke.[4][5] The squadron had an initial aircraft inventory of twoRoyal Aircraft Factory B.E.2s and two Farmans, with the squadron also initially incorporating a flight operatingman-lifting kites.[6] The squadron, equipped with a mixture of B.E.2s,Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.8s and Farmans crossed the English Channel in October 1914 to supportIV Corps in its attempt to prevent the Germans from capturingAntwerp.[5][7] In November, the squadron joined the newly formed 2nd Wing of the RFC, with the role of supporting the Second and Third Corps,[8] taking part in theFirst Battle of Ypres.[5]

In February 1915,9 Squadron, an experimental unit equipped with radio equipped aircraft, was split up, with one flight of aircraft going to 6 Squadron and the other to2 Squadron. The new flight replaced 6 Squadron's existing C Flight, which together with flights from 2 Squadron and5 Squadron, was used to form16 Squadron.[9][10] In March 1915, the squadron received twoMartinsyde S.1 scouts, to escort the squadrons aircraft,[9] and these were later supplemented byBristol Scouts in the escort role, while the main part of the squadron used the B.E.2.[11]

Bristol Scout C1611, flown byCaptainLanoe Hawker on 25 July 1915 in hisVictoria Cross-earning engagement

On 25 July 1915, CaptainLanoe Hawker, flying a Bristol Scout,[12] attacked three German aircraft in succession. The first aerial victory for Hawker that day occurred after he emptied a complete drum of bullets from his aircraft's singleLewis machine gun into a German aircraft which went spinning down. The second victory saw a German aircraft driven to the ground damaged, and the third saw a German aircraft – anAlbatros C.I ofFFA 3 – burst into flames and crash. For this feat he was awarded theVictoria Cross.[13]

The squadron was deployed directing artillery during theActions of the Bluff nearYpres in February 1916 and theActions of St Eloi Craters in March–April that year.[14] During theBattle of the Somme from July to November 1916, the squadron carried out bombing attacks, including night bombing operations, against targets in the Ypres salient to prevent the Germans transferring troops to the Somme front.[15] In May 1917, the squadron re-equipped withRoyal Aircraft Factory R.E.8s.[11] The squadron took part in theBattle of Messines in June 1917, artillery spotting during the preparatory bombardment, and then flying contact patrols.[15] Later that year, the squadron took part in theBattle of Passchendaele,[16] In September 1917, the squadron supported the BritishSecond Army during theBattle of the Menin Road Ridge.[17] In November 1917, the squadron was pulled out of the line and attached toV Corps, which was being held in reserve to exploit a potential breakthrough in the front, and was used to give training on cooperation between aircraft and ground forces to infantry, artillery and staff officers.[18] As the squadron had posted away most of its observers, it was not drafted into action during theGerman spring offensive from March 1918, being sent toLe Crotoy to be out of the way of the offensive, while its commanding officer,Archibald James, was employed in finding airfields for the squadrons of the RFC (and RAF) as they were forced to relocate owing to the German advance.[19][20]

While most of the squadron continued in its training duties, one flight was attached to theCavalry Corps when the pressure from the German offensive died down, and in July 1918, the squadron reunited as an operational unit under the command of MajorGeorge Pirie in support of the Cavalry Corps.[19] The squadron took part in theBattle of Amiens in August 1918,[21] and the Battles ofBapaume andthe Scarpe at the end of the month.[22] The squadron continued to fly in support of the Cavalry Corps until the end of the war.[19]

Inter-war years

[edit]

Following the Armistice, the squadron was initially employed for communications and photographic duties in France, before being transferred toIraq, arriving in July 1919, continuing to operate the R.E.8.[19] Operating in thearmy co-operation role, the squadron receivedBristol Fighters in July 1920,[11] which it used against theIraqi Revolt that broke out that year, bombing rebel forces.[23] In 1924, the squadron was part of a large force of aircraft deployed againstKudish revolts led byMahmud Barzanji, bombing the city ofSulaymaniyah. On 14 September 1924, 6 Squadron Bristol Fighters attacked two Turkish cavalry columns that had crossed into Iraq, dispersing the columns.[24] In 1925, the squadron carried out further operations against forces led by Mahmud.[25] In 1927, the squadron supported operations againstAhmed Barzani which resulted in the occupation ofBarzan by Iraqi Levies, and the retreat of Ahmed Barzani to the hills.[26]

Hawker Hardy aircraft operating fromRAF Ramleh airfield in the 1930s

In October 1929, 6 Squadron moved toRAF Ismailia inEgypt, with a detachment atRAF Ramleh,Mandatory Palestine.[27][4] In April 1931, the squadron's role was re-assigned to that of a bomber squadron,[28] while from June that year, it started to receive more modernFairey Gordons,[11][29] with the last Bristol Fighters being withdrawn by June 1932.[11] In October 1935, the squadron reequipped withHawker Hart bombers, with an additional flight receivingHawker Demons (a fighter version of the Hart),[3] and the squadron's Gordons being transferred to14 and47 Squadrons.[29] The Demons were not kept for long, being transferred to29 Squadron in January 1936.[3] The outbreak of the1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine in 1936 saw the whole of the squadron move to Ramleh, carrying out operations ranging from dropping leaflets and escorting trains and road convoys to bombing and strafing hostile forces.[29][30] The main body of the squadron returned to Egypt in November 1936, with fighting in Palestine reducing.[31] A resurgence of violence in Palestine saw the squadron return to Ramleh in November 1937,[29][32] From January 1938, the squadron's Harts were replaced byHawker Hardys (another, General Purpose, variant of the Hart),[11] with the squadron continuing to be heavily deployed against the revolt through the rest of 1938 and well into 1939.[33][29]

Second World War

[edit]

The squadron addedGloster Gauntlet fighters andWestland Lysander army cooperation aircraft to its Hardys in August and September 1939 respectively,[11] but thedeclaration of war against Germany on 3 September 1939 had little effect on the squadron at first, with internal security duties in Palestine remaining the squadron's priority.[34] At the end of February 1940, the squadron was redesignated an army co-operation squadron.[35][4] Hostilities with Italy broke out in June 1940, and in September 1940, the squadron deployed one flight of Lysanders to Egypt to work with the army, with the remainder of the squadron remained in Palestine.[34] In February 1941, the whole squadron transferred to North Africa, moving toBarca inLibya, with a flight forward deployed atAgedabia[27][36] The Lysander was unsuitable for operations when faced by modern fighters, and one flight was reequipped withHawker Hurricanes at the start of March 1941.[11][37]

WhenOperation Sonnenblume the Axis offensive in Libya the spring of 1941 caused the Allied forces to withdraw, the flights of 6 Squadron were forced to make a number of moves to avoid being overrun, and whenTobruk was besieged the squadron ended up inside the perimeter, carrying out tactical reconnaissance.[38][39] The squadron suffered from spares shortages, while the airfield was subject to German shelling, and the squadron's aircraft were vulnerable to attack by German fighters when landing. Two of the squadron's three flights were ordered to evacuate in 19 April, while the remaining flight left Tobruk on 10 May.[40][4] In June 1941, the squadron was equipped completely with Hurricanes, discarding its remaining Lysanders.[11][40] At the end of June, the squadron was transferred toTel Aviv for a rest.[40][41]

In August 1941, the squadron, now equipped with Lysanders andGloster Gladiator fighters, moved toWadi Halfa in Sudan, with a detachment atKufra in south-west Libya.[40][42] On 26 September 1941, one of the Gladiators from Kufra intercepted an ItalianSavoia-Marchetti SM.79, claiming it as possibly damaged. This was the last combat engagement by an RAF-flown Gladiator.[43] A few Hurricanes were added in September 1941, and fourBristol Blenheims added in November that year.[40] The squadron was withdrawn from operations again early in 1942, and carried out maintenance tasks until its next equipment arrived.[3][40]

A No. 6 Squadron Hawker Hurricane IID over the Western Desert during 1942.
A No. 6 SquadronHawker Hurricane Mk.IID over theWestern Desert during 1942

In April 1942, the squadron moved toRAF Shandur to re-equip with the Hurricane Mk. IID, a specialist ground-attack version armed with twoVickers S 40 mm guns, designed for anti-armour operations.[44][45] The squadron moved up toRAF Gambut on 4 June 1942 for operations, flying its first, unsuccessful combat operation with the Hurricane II.Ds on 7 June, while on 8 June it claimed one tank destroyed and several other vehicles damaged, at a cost of two Hurricanes shot down by anti-aircraft fire and another damaged.[46] As the Hurricane IID was slow and relatively vulnerable to enemy attack, it was employed under tight conditions - requiring fighter escort and targets whose position was known, could be easily identified from the air and not protected by too much anti-aircraft fire were attacked - this allowed the aircraft to operate effectively while minimising casualties.[47] The squadron took part in theSecond Battle of El Alamein in October–November 1942, but in December, the squadron was temporarily withdrawn from its anti-armour role to fly shipping protection duties with Hurricane IICs.[48][49]

The squadron returned to the anti-tank role on 22 February 1943, again equipped with the Hurricane IID.[50] In March 1943, the squadron took part in theBattle of the Mareth Line. The squadron's attacks were effective, but losses were heavy.[51] Fifteen Hurricanes from 6 Squadron were shot down between 22 and 26 March, with six shot down nearEl Hamma on 25 March.[52] The vulnerability of the unarmoured Hurricane IID to ground fire when carrying out gun attacks led to3-inch rockets being preferred and the squadron was withdrawn after the end of the fighting in North Africa until it could receive new equipment, which arrived in July 1943 as the Hurricane IV, which could be armed with rocket projectiles.[51][49][53]

In February 1944, the squadron moved with its Hurricane Mk IVs toGrottaglie airfield, nearTaranto, Italy.[27][54] Moored Axis ships were attacked at Yugoslav harbours and theDalmatian islands. They were strongly defended by anti-aircraft gunners onSiebel ferries, as the ships were being used to supply the German forces. Squadron detachments were also made toBastia in Corsica,Araxos near Patras in Greece,Brindisi, and near Ancona. A fixed 44-gallon extra petrol tank under the port wing increased the Hurricanes' duration to almost three hours at 160 mph (260 km/h) cruising speed. The airfield onVis was extensively used as an advanced base from May 1944 to February 1945, usually to top up tanks before each armed reconnaissance.[55][56]

Post-Second World War/Cold War

[edit]

In July 1945, the squadron returned to Palestine, as British forces faced aninsurgency by Zionist forces, with duties including patrolling oil pipelines to deter sabotage attacks. The squadron was the last RAF combat unit to operate Hurricanes, and for a brief period fourSpitfires due to a lack of Hurricanes.[27][57] In October 1946, the squadron moved toRAF Nicosia inCyprus, and in December that year, converted toHawker Tempest Mk VIs.[55][57] In September 1947, the squadron moved toRAF Shallufa in Egypt, and in November that year toKhartoum in Sudan, with detachments atMogadishu in Somalia.[55] In May 1948, the squadron moved toRAF Fayid in Egypt in order to cover theBritish withdrawal from Palestine.[55][57] In August 1948, the squadron moved toRAF Deversoir, nearIsmailia, Egypt.[32] On 6 January 1949, as Israeli forces advanced into theSinai Peninsula during theArab–Israeli War, four Spitfires208 Squadron were ordered to carry out a reconnaissance near the Israel–Egypt border, and all four were lost, one to Israeli ground fire and three shot down by Israeli Spitfires. After the four British Spitfires failed to return to base, four more 208 Squadron Spitfires were sent on a search mission for the missing aircraft, with eight Tempests from 6 Squadron and a further seven from213 Squadron escorting the Spitfires. Four Israeli Spitfire IXs, attacked the British aircraft, and when they attempted to respond, it was found that 213 Squadron's aircraft's guns would not fire, while 6 Squadron's aircraft could not release theirdrop tanks. One 213 Squadron Tempest was shot down, with two more 213 Squadron and one six Squadron aircraft damaged.[58]

In October 1949 it receivedde Havilland Vampire FB.5s.[55] In January 1950, the squadron moved toRAF Habbaniya in Iraq with many moves back and forth between RAF Habbaniya andRAF Shaibah in Iraq,RAF Abu Sueir and RAF Deversoir in theSuez Canal Zone, RAF Nicosia in Cyprus, RAF Mafraq and RAF Amman in theHashemite Kingdom of Jordan and detachments throughout theMiddle East.[55] While visitingAmman on 15 October 1950, No. 6 Squadron was awarded a Royal Standard byKing Abdullah I of Jordan in recognition of the squadron's service in the Middle East since 1919.[59] In February 1952 the squadron received Vampire FB.9s.[32][55] In September 1952, three of the squadron's Vampires were deployed toSharjah in response to theBuraimi dispute, when Saudi forces had occupied a village nearAl-Buraimi inOman. The aircraft flew low-level demonstration flights over villages in the region, and after a diplomatic agreement in October, returned to Habbaniya.[60][61] A further increase in tension early in 1953 caused a larger detachment to be sent to Sharjah, which was later relieved by a detachment ofGloster Meteors from208 Squadron.[60] The squadron re-equipped withde Havilland Venom FB.1 at Amman in February 1954, the first RAF squadron outside Germany to receive the Venom.[62] In June 1955, it was the first squadron to receive the improved Venom FB.4, and in August that year, four of the new aircraft were deployed on Operation Quick Return, a 10,000 mi (16,000 km) round trip toCape Town in South Africa, which took 14 days, with 13 airfields visited.[63]

On 6 April 1956, the squadron returned to Cyprus, operating fromRAF Akrotiri.[64][55] In November 1956, the squadron took part in theSuez Crisis, carrying out attacks from Akrotiri against Egyptian airfields from 1 November, losing a single Venom.[63][65] The requirement to support the nations of theBaghdad Pact against potential aggression meant that the RAF's Cyprus-based Venoms had inadequate range, and it was decided to re-equip them with theEnglish Electric Canberra B.2, which had been replaced by newer aircraft inRAF Bomber Command.[66][67] A detachment was sent toRAF Coningsby to equip with the new aircraft, while much of the squadron's fighter-trained aircrew were posted away. The squadron's two Canberra-equipped flights returned to Akrotiri on 15 July and 1 August 1957 respectively.[55][66][68] The squadron replaced its Canberra B.2s with Canberra B.6s (also ex-Bomber Command) in December 1959.[11][68] In July 1961, when Iraqi threats to invade resulted in British forces beingdeployed to Kuwait, 6 Squadron was held at readiness to reinforce the forces in the Gulf if required.[69] In January 1962, it received Canberra B.16s, equipped with improved navigational equipment and hardpoints under the wings for bombs and rockets, and also capable of delivering nuclear bombs byToss bombing, with nuclear strike using theRed Beard nuclear bomb added to the squadron's duties.[70][69] In August–September 1965, the squadron was temporarily deployed toRAF Labuan in Malaysia as one of a series of deployments to reinforce theFar East Air Force during theIndonesia–Malaysia confrontation.[71] It continued to operate the Canberra from Akrotiri until 13 January 1969 when the squadron disbanded.[32]

Having been located outside of the UK for 50 years, the squadron returned in 1969 and was the first to receive thePhantom FGR.2 atRAF Coningsby the same year, before re-equipping with the Jaguar GR.1 and T.2 atRAF Lossiemouth in 1974. The squadron then moved toRAF Coltishall, being declared operational in the tactical nuclear role with twelve aircraft and eight WE.177 nuclear bombs until 1994, when the squadron's nuclear role was terminated and the weapons withdrawn.[72][73]

Post-Cold War

[edit]
A No. 6 SquadronSEPECAT Jaguar GR3A in 2006

The squadron continued at RAF Coltishall in its non-nuclear role until Coltishall closed on 1 April 2006, and the squadron moved to RAF Coningsby. The squadron's aircraft were deployed to the Gulf as part ofOperation Granby (Gulf War), for which it received battle honours, and later as part of the Northern No-Fly-Zone.[74] The squadron deployed toGioia del Colle Air Base in Italy for operations overBosnia as part ofOperation Deny Flight from April 1993.[75]

The squadron was the last to fly theSEPECAT Jaguar, and was disbanded on 31 May 2007. The Jaguar's intended replacement in RAF service was theEurofighter Typhoon. The RAF announced that No. 6 Squadron was to be the fourth operational front-line squadron equipped with the Typhoon and the first with Tranche 2 aircraft, initially scheduled to reform in 2008 at RAF Leuchars inFife. However, this was delayed until 2010, with the squadron reforming atRAF Leuchars on 6 September 2010, when a closed standing-up ceremony was performed to mark the squadron's reforming, including the arrival of the new Typhoon aircraft in 6 Squadron colours from RAF Coningsby.[1]

Two Eurofighter Typhoon FGR.4s of No. 6 Squadron with squadron specific codes "EJ" and "EU", March 2013.
TwoEurofighter Typhoon FGR4 of No. 6 Squadron, with squadron specific codes "EJ" and "EU", March 2013

The squadron has taken over the role ofQuick Reaction Alert for the north of the United Kingdom fromNo. 111 Squadron RAF, the RAF's lastPanavia Tornado F.3 squadron, in March 2011.[1][76] In November 2011 four Typhoons from No. 6 Squadron flew toRMAF Butterworth to participate in aerial war games for the 40th anniversary of theFive Power Defence Arrangements.[77][78] In August 2013, several Typhoons from No. 6 were exercising withHMS Dragon and US fighters in the Gulf.[79] In June 2014, the squadron began to move to its new home in RAF Lossiemouth.[80]

The squadron participated in the2018 missile strikes against Syria during theSyrian Civil War.[81]

In March 2020, the squadron was awarded the right to emblazon abattle honour on its squadronstandard, recognising its role inBosnia during 1995.[82]

The squadron attendedExercise Spears of Victory 23 during February 2023 atKing Abdulaziz Air Base.[83]

Aircraft operated

[edit]

Aircraft operated included:

Heritage and markings

[edit]
Several Hawker Hurricane Mk.IID of No. 6 Squadron departingGabès Airfield in Tunisia for a tank-busting raid on 6 April 1943

Badge and motto

[edit]

No. 6 Squadron's badge features aneagle, wings elevated, preying on aserpent.[84] The badge was approved byKing George VI in January 1938.[84] An earlier unauthorised badge featured an eagle sitting within a figure 6.[85]

The squadron's motto isOculi Exercitus (Latin for 'The eyes of the army').[86]

Markings

[edit]

During the First World War, the squadron was allocated markings of three fuselage bands, which were black on clear doped fabric aircraft and white on dark painted machines, one each side of the aircraft's roundel and one on the rear fuselage just forward of the tailplane. These were carried from 1916 to March 1918.[87] The squadron's operations in cooperation with theRoyal Artillery during the First World War gave rise to the "Gunner's Stripe" used as a marking on the squadron's aircraft, consisting of a pale blue stripe with a superimposed red zig-zag, carried on either side of the fuselage roundel or on the tail.[88][89]

Nickname

[edit]

The squadron's nickname 'The Flying Tin Openers' originated during theNorth African campaign of the Second World War when the squadron operated the Hurricane Mk.IID and were known for carrying out low level attacks against German and Italian armoured vehicles and tanks. The nickname is reflected in the squadron's aircraft tail badge which features atin opener.[90]

Call signs

[edit]

As of March 2025, aircraft operated by No. 6 Squadron use the following peacetime air traffic controlcall signs within UK airspace:Boxer, Cannon, Colt, Dread, Flak, Nasty, Panzer, Phantom, Ruin, Shocker, Tankbuster, Tempest, Turbo andVenom.[91]

Battle honours

[edit]

No. 6 Squadron has received the followingbattle honours. Those marked with an asterisk (*) may be emblazoned on the squadron standard.[92]

Commanding officers

[edit]
List of commanding officers[4][93]
FromToName
January 1914March 1915MajorJohn Becke[4][5]
March 1915December 1915MajorGordon Shephard[94]
December 1915September 1916MajorReginald Mills,MC AFC[95]
September 1916June 1917MajorArthur Barratt,MC[96]
June 1917July 1918MajorArchibald James, MC
July 1918February 1920MajorGeorge Pirie, MC[97]
13 February 192031 March 1920S/Ldr W Sowrey[98]
May 1920April 1922S/Ldr E A B Rice
April 1922January 1924S/LdrEdye Rolleston Manning,DSO MC
January 1924November 1925S/Ldr D S K Crosbie,OBE
November 1925November 1926S/Ldr D F Stevenson, DSO, MC[99]
November 1926January 1928S/LdrCyril Lowe,MC DFC
January 1928February 1930S/LdrClaude Hilton Keith
February 1930February 1931S/Ldr C R Cox,AFC
February 1934January 1937S/LdrHerbert Massey, DSO, MC[100]
February 1940September 1940S/LdrWilliam Neil McKechnie,
September 1940April 1941S/Ldr E R Weld
April 1941February 1942S/Ldr P Legge
February 1942January 1943W/Cdr R C Porteous, DSO
January 1943May 1943S/Ldr D Weston-Burt, DSO
May 1943May 1944W/Cdr A E Morrison-Bell, DFC
May 1944August 1944S/Ldr J H Brown, DSO, DFC
August 1944November 1944S/Ldr R H Langdon-Davies, DFC
November 1944July 1946S/Ldr R Slade-Betts, DFC
August 1946December 1946S/Ldr C E Mould
December 1946November 1947S/Ldr C K Gray, DFC
November 1947July 1950S/LdrDenis Crowley-Milling,DSO DFC &Bar
July 1950November 1952S/Ldr P A Kennedy, DSO, DFC, AFC
November 1952October 1954S/Ldr E J Roberts
October 1954November 1956S/Ldr P C Ellis, DFC
November 1956July 1957S/Ldr G P Elliott
May 1969August 1970W/CdrDavid Harcourt-Smith
August 1970December 1972W/Cdr J E Nevill
December 1972June 1974W/Cdr B W Lavender
June 1974Jul 1975W/Cdr R J Quarterman
Jul 1975Dec 1977Wg Cdr N R Hayward
Dec 1977Mar 1980Wg Cdr G B Robertson
Mar 1980Aug 1982Wg Cdr M N Evans
Aug 1982Dec 1984Wg Cdr D W Bramley
Dec 1984Jun 1987Wg Cdr N A Buckland
Jun 1987Dec 1989Wg Cdr I Reilly
Dec 1989Feb 1992Wg Cdr (later Gp Capt) J Connolly, AFC
Feb 1992Jul 1994Wg Cdr A D Sweetman
Jul 1994Dec 1996Wg Cdr I A Milne
Dec 1996Jul 1999Wg Cdr M J Roche
Jul 1999Jul 2002Wg Cdr R W Judson
Jul 2002Jul 2004Wg Cdr M J Seares, MBE
Jul 2004Apr 2006Wg Cdr W A Cruickshank
Apr 2006May 2007Wg Cdr J M Sullivan
Sep 2010Oct 2012Wg Cdr R Dennis
Oct 2012Aug 2014Wg Cdr M R Baulkwill
Aug 2014Nov 2016Wg Cdr J R E Walls, DSO
Nov 2016May 2019Wg Cdr W D Cooper
May 2019Sep 2021Wg Cdr M D'Aubyn
Sep 2021Sep 2023Wg Cdr N J Rees
Sep 2023PresentWg Cdr G Montgomery

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdMcManamon, Craig (7 September 2010)."Typhoons mark a new era at RAF Leuchars".The Courier (Dundee). Archived fromthe original on 11 September 2010. Retrieved7 September 2010.
  2. ^Dsouza, Cavin (5 October 2010)."Eurofighter Typhoon replaces Tornado F3 in No. 6 Squadron of the Royal Air Force".Defence Aviation. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  3. ^abcdHalley 1988, p. 29
  4. ^abcdefRawlings 1982, p. 17
  5. ^abcdYoxall 1950, p. 618
  6. ^Yoxall 1950, p. 617
  7. ^Raleigh 1922, p. 346
  8. ^Raleigh 1922, p. 435
  9. ^abYoxall 1950, p. 619
  10. ^Jones 1928, p. 84
  11. ^abcdefghijHalley 1988, p. 31
  12. ^Jones 1928, p. 142
  13. ^"No. 29273".The London Gazette. 24 August 1915. p. 8395.
  14. ^Jones 1928, pp. 190–192
  15. ^abYoxall 1950, p. 620
  16. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 620–621
  17. ^Jones 1934, pp. 180–181
  18. ^Jones 1934, pp. 272–273
  19. ^abcdYoxall 1950, p. 621
  20. ^Jones 1934, p. 354
  21. ^Jones 1937, p. 433
  22. ^Jones 1937, pp. 469, 485
  23. ^Bowyer 1988, pp. 65, 67
  24. ^Bowyer 1988, p. 90
  25. ^Bowyer 1988, p. 93
  26. ^Bowyer 1988, p. 94
  27. ^abcdHalley 1988, pp. 29–30
  28. ^Moyes 1964, p. 10
  29. ^abcdeYoxall 1950, p. 622
  30. ^Bowyer 1988, pp. 134–136
  31. ^Bowyer 1988, p. 136
  32. ^abcdHalley 1988, p. 30
  33. ^Bowyer 1988, pp. 137–142
  34. ^abYoxall 1951, p. 11
  35. ^Moyes 1964, p. 11
  36. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, p. 127
  37. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, p. 135
  38. ^Yoxall 1951, pp. 11–12
  39. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, pp. 138, 143, 147, 148
  40. ^abcdefYoxall 1951, p. 12
  41. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, p. 234
  42. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, pp. 246, 252
  43. ^Shores, Massimello & Guest 2012, p. 268
  44. ^Yoxall 1951, pp. 12–13
  45. ^Shores et al. 2012, p. 89
  46. ^Shores et al. 2012, pp. 131–133
  47. ^Yoxall 1951, p. 13
  48. ^Yoxall 1951, pp. 13–14
  49. ^abHalley 1988, pp. 29, 31
  50. ^Shores et al. 2012, p. 518
  51. ^abYoxall 1951, p. 14
  52. ^Shores et al. 2012, pp. 546–547, 549–554
  53. ^Shores et al. 2018, pp. 58–59
  54. ^Yoxall 1951, p. 15
  55. ^abcdefghiJefford 2001, p. 26
  56. ^The "Tin-opener". No 6 Squadron (RAF) Association Newsletter. July 2014.
  57. ^abcYoxall 1951, p. 16.
  58. ^Williamson 2005, pp. 5–8.
  59. ^"6 Squadron Standards".6 Squadron RAF Association. 13 January 2017. Retrieved10 June 2020.
  60. ^abFairburn 1991, p. 168.
  61. ^Pitchfork 2008, p. 293.
  62. ^Harrison 2005, p. 8.
  63. ^abHarrison 2005, p. 9.
  64. ^Lee 1980, p. 106.
  65. ^Jackson 1980, p. 61.
  66. ^abBrookes 2014, p. 62.
  67. ^Jackson 1988, p. 54.
  68. ^abJackson 1988, p. 55.
  69. ^abJackson 1988, p. 56.
  70. ^Brookes 2014, p. 63.
  71. ^Brookes 2014, p. 73.
  72. ^Burnell, Brian."WE.177C".A Guide to British Nuclear Weapon projects. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  73. ^Burnell, Brian (2009)."Nuclear weapons details and No. 6 Squadron data for 1975".A Guide to British Nuclear Weapon projects. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  74. ^"1991-2003". 6 Squadron Association. 13 January 2017. Retrieved7 June 2019.
  75. ^Pitchfork 2008, p. 111.
  76. ^"Squadron with Style".Royal Air Force. 30 June 2014. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  77. ^"MINDEF".Singapore Ministry of Defence. 2 November 2011. Archived fromthe original on 5 August 2012. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  78. ^"Malaysian exercise resounding success for RAF Typhoon squadron".Ministry of Defence. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  79. ^"Dragon controls Typhoon in test of ultimate air and sea power".Navy News. 21 August 2013. Archived fromthe original on 30 April 2014. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  80. ^Gibson, Ali (23 June 2014)."6 Squadron Mark Relocation to RAF Lossiemouth".Forces TV. Retrieved24 July 2015.
  81. ^"Strikes on Syria: Tornado back at war". Air Forces Monthly. 14 April 2018. Retrieved7 June 2019.
  82. ^"RAF Squadrons Receive Battle Honours from Her Majesty The Queen".Royal Air Force. 24 March 2020. Retrieved26 March 2020.
  83. ^Air Forces Monthly.Stamford,Lincolnshire,England:Key Publishing Ltd. May 2023. p. 60.
  84. ^abSmith 1974, p. 14.
  85. ^"6 Sqn".RAF Heraldry Trust. Retrieved15 March 2025.
  86. ^Pine 1983, p. 160.
  87. ^Ashworth 1989, p. 39.
  88. ^Yoxall 1950, pp. 618–619.
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