Nirmal Verma (3 April 1929 – 25 October 2005) was aHindi writer, novelist, activist and translator. He is credited as being one of the pioneers of theNai Kahani (New Story) literary movement ofHindi literature,[1] wherein his first collection of stories,Parinde (Birds) is considered its first signature.[2]
In his career spanning five decades and various forms of literature, writing story, travelogues and essays, he penned five novels, eight short-story collections and nine books of non-fiction, including essays and travelogues.[3]
Nirmal Verma was born on 3 April 1929 inShimla, where his father worked as an officer in the Civil and Services Department of the British Indian Government. He was the seventh child among his eight siblings. One of his brothers is one of India's greatest artistsRam Kumar.[4] He is survived by his wife, Gagan Gill who is a writer.[5][6]
He wrote his first story for a students' magazine in the early 1950s. He completed Masters of Arts in History fromSt. Stephen's College,Delhi University. Thereafter he started teaching in Delhi and writing for various literary magazines.
"For a writer to desire spiritual security is as fatal as an aspiration to material pleasure. For a writer, every place of refuge is a pitfall; you fall once, and the clear sky of creativity is lost forever." -Dhund se Uthati Dhun[7]
His activism streak was visible even during his student days; in 1947–48, he regularly attended Mahatma Gandhiji's morning prayer meetings in Delhi, even though he was a card holding member ofCommunist Party of India, which he resigned in 1956, after Soviet invasion ofHungary. The very activism was soon to be reflected in his stories, which added a whole new dimension to the Indian literary scene.
During his stay in Prague he travelled widely across Europe, and the result was seven travelogues, including Cheeron Par Chandni (1962), Har Barish Mein (1970) and Dhund Se Uthti Dhun and his first novel, based on his student days in Prague, titled,Ve Din (Those Days) (1964). On his return from Prague, he was disillusioned by communism and later became highly vocal againstIndian Emergency, and an advocate for theTibetan independence movement. His subsequent writing reflected his concerted relooking of Indian traditions, which he found to be innately modern, compared with external modernity reflected in the western viewpoints and cultural milieu, which were being imposed on Indian ethos, all around, so much so that later his views were confused as pro-Hindutva as well.[7] A critical analysis of Verma's work was presented by Ram Prakash Dwivedi[8]
From 1980–83, Verma served as chairman of Nirala creative writing chair inBharat Bhavan,Bhopal. In 1988–90 he was director of Yashpal Creative Writing Chair inShimla.[2] A film based on his story,Maya Darpan (1972), directed byKumar Shahani, won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Film.[9]
In his popular novelA Torn Happiness,August Strindberg looms large over the heads of many characters.
On the publication of his book, "The World Elsewhere", in 1988, by the Readers International in London,BBC Channel Four telecasted a film on his life and works.[2]
Chevalier de l'ordre des arts et des lettres (France) 2005
Nirmal Verma is best known for his short stories and his best known story, 'Parinde' (Birds) (1959) is supposed to be the pioneer of theNai Kahani Movement inHindi literature.[4] Nirmal Verma's other notable stories areAndhere Mein,Dedh Inch Upar, andKavve Aur Kala Pani.Nirmal Verma's last story was published in "Naya Gyanodaya" August 2005 issue, titled "Ab Kuchh Nahin".
Nirmal Verma experimented vividly with theme as well as technique of the Hindi short story in the 60s and 70s.
A collection of his letters written to Ramkumar (well known artist and his brother) has been published byBhartiya Jnanpith, titled "Priya Ram" (Dear Ram). His books have been translated into several European languages such as English, Russian, German, Icelandic, Polish, Italian and French.
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