TheNinth Ward or9th Ward is a distinctive region ofNew Orleans, Louisiana, which is located in the easternmost downriver portion of the city. It is geographically the largest of the 17wards of New Orleans. On the south, the Ninth Ward is bounded by theMississippi River. On the western or "upriver" side, the Ninth Ward is bounded by (going from the River north toLake Pontchartrain) Franklin Avenue, thenAlmonaster Avenue, then People's Avenue. From the north end of People's Avenue the boundary continues on a straight line north to Lake Pontchartrain; this line is the boundary between the Ninth and the city'sEighth Ward. The Lake forms the north and northeastern end of the ward.St. Bernard Parish is the boundary to the southeast,Lake Borgne farther southeast and east, and the end of Orleans Parish to the east atthe Rigolets.
While there is substantial overlap, the 9th Ward should not be confused withcity planning designation of the ninth planning district of New Orleans. The 9th Ward includes land in planning districts 7, 8, 10, and 11 (not to be confused withNew Orleans East, the7th,8th,10th, and11th wards).[1]
Among the famous natives and residents of the 9th Ward are music legendFats Domino, rapperMagic, NBA playerEldridge Recasner, NFL playerMarshall Faulk, authorsKalamu ya Salaam andPoppy Z. Brite, actorJohn Larroquette, trumpeterKermit Ruffins, and the prominent Batiste musical family.
From 2012 to 2016, the 9th Ward was represented in theLouisiana House of Representatives byDemocrat Wesley T. Bishop. When Bishop was elected in 2015 to theLouisiana State Senate, another Democrat,Jimmy Harris, a lawyer and long-term government employee, filled the District 99 state House seat.
The Ninth Ward can broadly be divided into three sections, from where the ward is divided from north to south by theIndustrial Canal, and where the area east of the Industrial Canal is divided east to west by theGulf Intracoastal Waterway/Mississippi River Gulf Outlet.
The smallest of these pieces is the area south and east of these canals. The portion of the Ninth Ward along the river downriver from the Industrial Canal stretching to the St. Bernard line is called the "Lower 9th Ward" or "Lower Ninth". It includes the Holy Cross neighborhood, the twinDoullut Steamboat Houses and theJackson Barracks. Until Hurricane Katrina, the Lower Ninth Ward had the highest percentage of black homeownership in the city.
The area west or "above" the Canal has sometimes been called the "Upper Ninth Ward." Such distinctions arose when the Industrial Canal bisected the neighborhood in the 1920s. The portion of the Ninth Ward along the riverfront betweenFaubourg Marigny and the Industrial Canal is known asBywater.
Further back are the Infamous St. Claude and Florida area and Desire neighborhood. This part of the Ward contained two of theHousing Projects of New Orleans. The Desire neighborhood was home to the notoriousDesire Projects, until they have demolished concurrent withHOPE VI policy. Just across Florida Avenue from that are theFlorida Projects once stood. Nearby was theAgriculture Street Landfill, an old citydump that was covered over and made into a neighborhood of low-income housing, then became aSuperfund toxic cleanup site.
Neighborhoods in the Upper 9th Ward include:
The largest portion of the 9th Ward is the section to the east of the Industrial Canal and north ofMRGO. See:New Orleans East
The area along the riverfront was developed first, at the start of the 19th century, followed by the natural highland along Gentilly Ridge.
The designation of this area as the "9th Ward" dates from 1852 when thewards of New Orleans were redrawn as part of the reorganization of the city from three municipalities into one centralized city government.
Along the lakefront were various fishing camps built on piers, the most famous collection being Little Woods. Such camps were common along the lakefront in the 19th and early 20th century, but the collection at Little Woods was the longest-lasting concentration, many surviving untilHurricane Georges in 1998.
The area of the 9th Ward on the backside of St. Claude Avenue experienced the city's most significant and longest-standing flooding from theNew Orleans Hurricane of 1915 due to a break in the protection levee at Florida Avenue.[2]
The Industrial Canal was dredged through the neighborhood at the start of the 1920s.
Most of the area between Gentilly Ridge and Lake Pontchartrain was a swamp, not drained and developed until the mid and late 20th century.
Lincoln Beach was anamusement park along the lakefront for Black people during the era ofracial segregation. The nearby "Pontchartrain Beach" was the corresponding amusement area for whites.
Parts of the 9th Ward flooded duringHurricane Flossy in 1956, and the Lower 9th Ward experienced catastrophic flooding inHurricane Betsy in 1965.
In 1960, the Ninth Ward found itself once again being a topic of discussion whenRuby Bridges became the first black student to attend the then all-whiteWillam Frantz Elementary School, thus launching theNew Orleans school desegregation crisis. While the school has since become acharter, the school community has managed to honor her with a statue on campus and preserve the classroom she attended.
The 9th Ward neighborhood was thrust into the nation's spotlight in the aftermath of 2005'sHurricane Katrina. Much of the area on both sides of theIndustrial Canal experienced catastrophic flooding. The majority of the damage was caused bystorm surge. There were multiple severelevee breaks along both theMRGO and the Industrial Canal.
Eastern New Orleans was flooded from multiple sources. The most severe was due to multiple breaches in the MRGO to the south. Some heavy waves during the storm topped the lake level to the north, which may have contributed to the flooding in some places. Lakefront Airport, outside the main protection levees, was heavily damaged by the surge fromLake Pontchartrain. Some water also overtopped a section of the Industrial Canal levee. Most of Eastern New Orleans experienced flooding, generally all areas except the Gentilly/Chef Menteur Ridge andMichoud areas.
The Upper Ninth was flooded by the levee andfloodwall failures near theDesire neighborhood, across the Industrial Canal from the junction with the MRGO. Flooding in this part of the ward joined with that of the bulk of the city's east bank to the west, with water flowing in from theLondon Avenue Canal breaches. The old high ground of the section of Bywater on theMississippi River side ofSt. Claude Avenue was the only substantial neighborhood to escape significant flooding. A few areas on the very highest part of Gentilly Ridge and along the lakefront fill were also above the floodwaters.
The Lower Ninth Ward flooded most catastrophically, with storm surge coming through two large breaches in the Industrial Canal flood protection system, creating violent currents that not only flooded buildings but smashed them and displaced them from their foundations. Floodwaters propelled the bargeING 4727 into the neighborhood on the other side of the levee from the Industrial Canal.
During several days of the hurricane aftermath, livetelevision news coverage from reporters and anchors who had little familiarity with New Orleans frequently included misinformation, such as referring to the Lower 9th Ward simply as "the 9th Ward" and misidentifying helicopter shots of the Industrial Canal breach as the17th Street Canal breach (which was actually at the nearly opposite end of the city.)
The Lower 9th Ward, not yet dry from Katrina, was re-flooded byHurricane Rita a month later.
DuringMardi Gras 2006, the 9th Ward was a popular spot for visitors. The national attention the area received due to the hurricane and the events following the disaster providedCarnival revelers with an additional destination during their celebration. Visitors, however, were not the only ones to venture into the area. Locals flocked to the devastated neighborhoods of the ward as well. Hundreds of people gathered near the Florida housing project in the Ninth Ward onFat Tuesday. In the quasi-celebratory spirit of ajazz funeral, many residents made their first trip back to take part in a massive block party in their former neighborhood.
Since Katrina, the 9th Ward has witnessed an uneven resurgence, with the Vietnamese community in New Orleans East establishing themselves as a dining destination and commercial hub, even as Vietnamese and other fishermen further down the Parish are suffering from theDeepwater Horizon oil spill of April 20, 2010, and despite 2010 layoffs at NASA'sMichoud Assembly Facility with the retirement of the space shuttle fleet.[3] However, the Michoud Assembly Facility continues to be a source of employment as it is the site of fabrication of the core stage of theSpace Launch System.[4]
Roads in the 9th Ward continue to improve. Streets neglected for years before Katrina have been resurfaced, such as St. Claude Avenue and Poland Avenue, Chartres Street and parts of Desire Street, but numerous smaller neighborhood roads remain a patchwork of potholes and uneven dips and humps.
A shooting took place at Bunny Friendplayground on November 22, 2015.[5] In conjunction with the shooting of an impromptu music video at ablock party,[6] 17 people wereinjured.[7]
In the Ward,New Orleans Public Schools, schools of theRecovery School District, andcharter public schools operate.Dr. King Charter School (K-12) is located in theLower Ninth Ward;[8]Carver High School is located in the Ninth Ward.[9]
Alfred Lawless High School was the only public high school that operated in the Lower 9th untilHurricane Katrina in August 2005. The previousHoly Cross High School campus was located in the Lower Ninth Ward. In August 2007 students from Carver and Marshall Middle School began studying at temporary trailers on the site of Holy Cross.[10]
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30°02′49″N89°53′06″W / 30.047°N 89.885°W /30.047; -89.885
