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Ninam language

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yanomaman language spoken in Brazil and Venezuela

Not to be confused withShiriana language.For the village, seeNinam, Satara district.

For the Cariban language also called Crichana or Yawaperi, seeWaimiri-Atroarí language.

Yanam
Ninam
Native to	Brazil,Venezuela
Native speakers	470 in Brazil (2012)^[1] 560 in Venezuela (2010) (excludingYaroamë)^[1]
Language family	Yanomam Yanam
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`shb`
Glottolog	`nina1238`
ELP	Ninam
Yanomaman languages location Yanomamö Ninam Yanomám Sanumá Ỹaroamë

Yanam, orNinam, is aYanomaman language spoken inRoraima,Brazil (800 speakers) and southernVenezuela near theMucajai, upperUraricaá, andParagua rivers.

Synonymy

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Yanam is also known by the following names:Ninam,Yanam–Ninam,Xirianá,Shiriana Casapare,Kasrapai,Jawaperi,Crichana,Jawari,Shiriana,Eastern Yanomaman.

Regional variation

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Gordon (2009) reports 2 mainvarieties (Northern, Southern). Kaufman (1994) reports 3:

Yanam (a.k.a. Northern Yanam/Ninam (Xiliana, Shiriana, Uraricaa-Paragua))
Ninam (a.k.a. Southern Yanam/Ninam (Xilixana, Shirishana, Mukajai))
Jawarib

The name Jawari is shared with Ỹaroamë.

There are three dialects spoken inRoraima, Brazil according to Ferreira, et al. (2019):^[2]

Northern (Xiriana):Ericó and Saúba
Southern:Mucajaí
Central:Uraricoera

The remaining speakers ofArutani andSapé also speak Ninam (Shirián), since they now mostly live in Ninam villages.^[3]^[4]

Mason (1950)

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Dialects listed byMason (1950):^[5]

Waharibo (Guaharibo)
- Shirianá
  - Waicá (Guaica, Vaica)
Carimé (Karimé)

Phonology

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Yanam has seven base vowels. Yanam has both vowel length and nasalization, and both features can occur simultaneously, for all vowels except for /ɨ/.^[6]^[7]

Vowels
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i	ɨ	u
Mid	e	ə	o
Open		a

Consonants
	Bilabial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar	Glottal
	Bilabial	plain	aspirated	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	p	t	tʰ		k
Affricate				t͡ʃ
Fricative		s		ʃ		h
Nasal	m	n
Approximant				j
Flap		ɾ

References

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^^a ^bYanam atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)
^Ferreira, Helder Perri; Machado, Ana Maria Antunes; Senra, Estevão Benfica. 2019.As línguas Yanomami no Brasil: diversidade e vitalidade. São Paulo: Instituto Socioambiental (ISA) and Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). 216pp.ISBN 978-85-8226-076-0
^Rosés Labrada, Jorge Emilio, Thiago Chacon & Francia Medina. 2020.Arutani (Venezuela and Brazil) – Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.)Language Documentation and Description 17, 170-177. London: EL Publishing.
^Jorge Emilio Rosés Labrada & Francia Medina (2019).Sapé (Venezuela) — Language Snapshot. In Peter K. Austin (ed.)Language Documentation and Description, vol 16. London: EL Publishing. pp. 169-175.
^Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.).Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office:Smithsonian Institution,Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
^"SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories".linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved2018-08-14.
^Migliazza, Ernest; Grimes, Joseph E. (1961)."Shiriana Phonology".Anthropological Linguistics.3 (6):31–41.ISSN 0003-5483.

Campbell, Lyle. (1997).American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.),Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
Migliazza, Ernest; & Grimes, J. E. (1961). Shiriana phonology.Anthropological Linguistics. (June).

External links

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Ninam (Shirishana variety) (Intercontinental Dictionary Series)
Portal Japiim (online dictionary)

Languages of Brazil

Official language

Regional languages

Indigenous
languages

Arawakan	Asháninka Aroaqui Atorada Bahuana Baniwa Baré Canamaré Cararí Enawenê-Nawê Kariaí Kawishana Kustenaú Manáo Mandahuaca Mapidian/Mawayana Marawan Mehinaku Mepuri Palikúr Parauana Paresi Pasé Tariana Terêna Wainumá-Mariaté Wapishana Waraikú Warekena Waurá Wiriná Yabaâna–Mainatari Yumana
Arawan	Arawá Deni Jamamadí Kulina Paumarí Zuruahá
Cariban	Apalaí Apiaká of Tocantins Arakajú Bakairi Boanarí Carib Hixkaryana Ikpeng Juma Kuikúro Macushi Matipuhy Palmela Pará Arára Paravilhama Pauxiána Pimenteira Purukotó Sapará Sikiana Yarumá Ye'kuana Waiwai Wayumará
Pano–Tacanan	Amawaka Dëmushbo Karipuna Kashinawa Kashinawa-Tarauacá Kasharari Korubo Kulina Kulina-Olivença Marubo Matis Matsés Mayoruna-Amazon Mayoruna-Jandiatuba Mayoruna-Tabatinga Nawa Nukini Poyanawa Remo-Jaquirana Shanenawa Sharanawa Shipibo Tuxinawa Yaminawa Yawanawa
Macro-Jê	Acroá-Mirim Akwẽ-Xerénte Apinajé Arikapú Chiquitano Djeoromitxí Guayana Gueren Ingain Jaikó Kaingang Kaingang of São Paulo Kamakã Kapoxó Karajá Kĩsêdjê Koropó Kotoxó Krenak Nakrehé Laklãnõ (Xokléng) Makoní Malalí Masakará Maxakalí Ritual Maxakalí Mẽbêngôkre Menién Ofayé Panará–Southern Kayapó Pataxó Pataxó-Hãhãhãe Rikbaktsa Tapayúna Timbira Canela Krahô Krẽje Krĩkatí Parkatêjê Pykobjê Xakriabá Xavante
Nadahup	Dâw Hup Nadëb
Tupian	Akuntsu Akwáwa Parakanã Suruí do Pará Amanayé Anambé Asuriní Apiaká Araweté Aurê–Aurá Avá-Canoeiro Awetí Arikem Aruá Cinta Larga Cocama Gavião of Jiparaná Guajá Guarani Ava Mbyá Juruna Kaʼapor Kabixiana Kagwahiva Amondawa Capivarí Diahói Juma Karipuna Morerebi Paranawát Parintintin Piripkura Tenharim Tukumãféd Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau Kamayurá Karitiâna Kaiwá Kepkiriwát Kuruaya Makurap Maritsauá Mawé Mekéns Mondé Munduruku Nheengatu Omagua Puruborá Ramarama Surui Takunyapé Tapirapé Tenetehara Turiwára Tupari Tupi Urumi Warázu Wayampi Wayampipukú Wayoró Xeta Xipaya Zoʼé Zoro
Chapacuran	Kuyubí Oro Win Torá Urupá Wanyam Wariʼ Yarú
Tukanoan	Arapaso Carapana Cubeo Cueretú Desano Macuna Mirití Siriano Tukano Tuyuca Waimajã Wajiara Wanano
Nambikwaran	Mamaindê Nambikwara Sabanê
Purian	Puri Coroado Waitaká ?
Yanomaman	Ninam Sanumá Yanomamö Yaroamë Yanomám
Bororoan	Aravirá Bororo Umotína
Harákmbut–Katukinan	Katukina–Kanamarí Katawixi
Guaicuruan	Kadiwéu
Ticuna-Yuri	Ticuna
Nukak–Kakwa	Kakwa
Kariri	Kipeá Dzubukuá Sabujá Pedra Branca
Isolates	Aikanã Arutani Guató Irantxe Kanoê Kwaza Máku Mura–Pirahã Otí Trumai Xukuru
Unclassified	Baenan Cabixi Catuquinarú Gamela Himarimã Kaimbé Kambiwá Kapinawá Katembri Isolados do Massaco Natú Pankararú Tarairiú Isolado do Tanarú Truká Tuxá Uamué Wakoná Wasu Xocó

Interlanguages

Sign languages

Non-official

Italics indicateextinct languages

Languages of Venezuela

Official language

Spanish
- Llanero
- Maracucho

Indigenous
languages

Arawakan	Arawak Baniwa Caquetío † Mandawaca † Paraujano Piapoco Warekena Wayuu
Cariban	Carib Japreria Kapóng Macushi Mapoyo-Yabarana Mapoyo Yabarana Pémono Panare Pemon Sikiana Tamanaku Ye'kuana Yukpa
Chibchan	Barí Uwa
Guahiban	Cuiba Guahibo
Jirajaran †	Ayoman Gayon Jirajara
Otomákoan †	Otomac † Taparita †
Timotean †	Mucuchí Timote
Yanomaman	Ninam Sanumá Yanomamö Yaroamë Yanomám
Piaroa-Saliban	Piaroa Saliba Wirö
Ticuna-Yuri	Carabayo Ticuna Yuri †
Other	Arutani Betoi † Guamo † Hodï Máku-Auari (Jukude)† Nheengatu Puinave Sapé † Warao Yaruro

Non-Native
languages

Sign languages

Venezuelan Sign Language

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