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Nigerian braille

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Braille alphabets used in Nigeria

Severalbraille alphabets are used in Nigeria. For English,Unified English Braille has been adopted. Three other languages have been written in braille:Hausa,Igbo, andYoruba. All three alphabets are based on English readings, with the addition of letter's particular to these languages. Punctuation is as in English Braille.

Basic braille alphabet
⠁ (braille pattern dots-1)⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)⠛ (braille pattern dots-1245)⠓ (braille pattern dots-125)⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)⠚ (braille pattern dots-245)⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)⠇ (braille pattern dots-123)⠍ (braille pattern dots-134)
abcdefghijklm
⠝ (braille pattern dots-1345)⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)⠏ (braille pattern dots-1234)⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)⠗ (braille pattern dots-1235)⠎ (braille pattern dots-234)⠞ (braille pattern dots-2345)⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)⠧ (braille pattern dots-1236)⠺ (braille pattern dots-2456)⠭ (braille pattern dots-1346)⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)⠵ (braille pattern dots-1356)
nopqrstuvwxyz

The letters of these languages beyond thebasic Latin alphabet are as follows:

Hausa Braille

[edit]
Hausa Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Hausa alphabet
LanguagesHausa
Related scripts
Parent systems

Hausa includes

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
kw
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
sh
⠌ (braille pattern dots-34)
ts
⠫ (braille pattern dots-1246)
ɗ

from Englishq, sh, st, ed (international secondd), and three derived letters:

Basic letter:⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠅ (braille pattern dots-13)
k
⠽ (braille pattern dots-13456)
y
Derived letter:⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
ɓ
⠨ (braille pattern dots-46)
ƙ
⠯ (braille pattern dots-12346)
ƴ

Hausa is presumably written in braille in Niger as well, sinceEthnologue 17 reports thatZarma is written in braille in that country. However, this need not mean it uses the same alphabet as Nigerian Hausa.

Igbo Braille

[edit]
Igbo Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Igbo alphabet
LanguagesIgbo
Related scripts
Parent systems

Igbo Braille has

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
kw
⠡ (braille pattern dots-16)
ch
⠣ (braille pattern dots-126)
gh
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)
sh

from Englishq, ch, gh, sh, and six other letters with commoninternational/African values:

Basic letter:⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠊ (braille pattern dots-24)
i
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
⠥ (braille pattern dots-136)
u
Extended letter:⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
gb
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
⠔ (braille pattern dots-35)
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)
⠳ (braille pattern dots-1256)
⠬ (braille pattern dots-346)
ŋ

(SeeEwe Braille andKabiye Braille for similar code assignments.)

Yoruba Braille

[edit]
Yoruba Braille
Script type
alphabet
Print basis
Yoruba alphabet
LanguagesYoruba
Related scripts
Parent systems

Yoruba Braille also has

⠟ (braille pattern dots-12345)
kw
⠩ (braille pattern dots-146)

(from Englishq, sh), and three derived letters:

Basic letter:⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)
b
⠑ (braille pattern dots-15)
e
⠕ (braille pattern dots-135)
o
Derived letter:⠆ (braille pattern dots-23)
gb
⠢ (braille pattern dots-26)
⠪ (braille pattern dots-246)

The vowel assignments followinternational conventions.

References

[edit]
  • Braille Notation Booklet on the Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba Orthographies: A Research Work on Standard Braille Codes for the Blind in Nigeria, March 1981 – April 1982
  • UNESCO (2013)World Braille Usage, 3rd edition.
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