Side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and itchiness. It may be used during pregnancy.[3] It works by blockingglucose uptake andoxidative phosphorylation by the worm.[4]
Side effects include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and itchiness.[3] Rarely, dizziness, skin rash, drowsiness, perianal itching, or an unpleasant taste occur. For some of these reasons,praziquantel is a preferable and equally effective treatment for tapeworm infestation.[citation needed]
Of note, niclosamide kills thepork tapeworm in a way that causes a multitude of viable eggs to be released and may result incysticercosis.Neurocysticercosis is a life-threatening condition that may require brain surgery.[8][9]
Niclosamide's metabolic effects are relevant to a wide ranges of organisms, and accordingly it has been applied as a control measure to organisms other than tapeworms. For example, it is an active ingredient in some formulations, such as Bayluscide, for killinglamprey larvae,[11][12] as a molluscide,[13] and as a general-purpose piscicide in aquaculture. Niclosamide has a short half-life in water in field conditions; this makes it valuable in ridding commercial fish ponds of unwanted fish; it loses its activity soon enough to permit restocking within a few days of eradicating the previous population.[13] Researchers have found that niclosamide is effective in killing invasivezebra mussels in cool freshwater aquatic environments.[14]
^Lanusse CE, Alvarez LI, Sallovitz JM, Mottier ML, Sanchez Bruni SF (13 May 2013)."Antinematodal Drugs". In Riviere JE, Papich MG (eds.).Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. John Wiley & Sons. p. 1096.ISBN978-1-118-68590-7.Archived from the original on 10 September 2017.
^World Health Organization (2019).World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization.hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
^Boogaard MA (2003)."Chapter 6: Delivery Systems of Piscicides"(PDF).Integrated management techniques to control nonnative fishes. La Crosse, Wisconsin: US Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center. pp. 39–50. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2017-06-01. Retrieved2017-05-30.
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