Movatterモバイル変換

Nicholas Mystikos

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 901 to 907 and from 912 to 925

Nicholas I of Constantinople
Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
Nicholas I (modern representation)
Installed	1 March 901 15 May 912
Term ended	1 February 907 15 May 925
Predecessor	Antony II of Constantinople Euthymius I of Constantinople
Successor	Euthymius I of Constantinople Stephen II of Constantinople
Personal details
Born	852 Italian Peninsula
Died	15 May 925
Denomination	Chalcedonian Christianity

Nicholas I Mystikos orMysticus (Greek:Νικόλαος Μυστικός; 852 – 15 May 925) was theEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1 March 901 to 1 February 907 and from 15 May 912 to his death on 15 May 925. His feast day in theEastern Orthodox Church is16 May.^[1]

Nicholas was born in theItalian Peninsula and had become a friend of the PatriarchPhotius I. He fell into disfavor after Photius I's dismissal in 886 and retired to a monastery. EmperorLeo VI the Wise retrieved him from the monastery and made himmystikos, a dignity designating either the imperial secretary or a judicial official.

On 1 March 901, Nicholas was appointed patriarch. However, he fell out with Leo VI over the latter's fourth marriage to his mistressZoe Karbonopsina. Although he reluctantly baptised the fruit of this relationship, the future EmperorConstantine VII, Nicholas I forbade the emperor from entering the church and may have become involved in the revolt ofAndronikos Doukas. He was deposed as patriarch on 1 February 907 and replaced byEuthymius. Exiled to his own monastery, Nicholas I regarded his deposition as unjustified and involvedPope Sergius III in the dispute.

About the time of the accession of Leo VI's brotherAlexander to the throne on 11 May 912, Nicholas I was restored to the patriarchate. A protracted struggle with the supporters of Euthymius I followed, which did not end until the new EmperorRomanos I Lekapenos promulgated theTomos of Union in 920. In the meantime, Alexander had died in 913 after provoking awar with Bulgaria, and the underage Constantine VII succeeded to the throne. Nicholas Mystikos became the leading member of the seven-man regency for the young emperor, and as such had to face the advance ofSimeon I of Bulgaria onConstantinople. Nicholas I negotiated a peaceful settlement, crowned Simeon emperor of the Bulgarians in a makeshift ceremony outside Constantinople, and arranged for the marriage of Simeon's daughter to Constantine VII.

This unpopular concession undermined his position, and by March 914, with the support of themagistrosJohn Eladas, Zoe Karbonopsina overthrew Nicholas I and replaced him as foremost regent. She revoked the agreement with Simeon I, prompting the renewal of hostilities withBulgaria. With her main supporterLeo Phokas the Elder crushingly defeated by the Bulgarians at thebattle of Achelous in 917, Zoe started to lose ground. Embarrassed by further failures, she and her supporters were supplanted in 919 by the admiralRomanos Lekapenos, who married his daughterHelena Lekapene to Constantine VII and finally advanced to the imperial throne in 920. The Patriarch Nicholas I came to be one of the strongest supporters of the new emperor and took the brunt of renewed negotiations with the Bulgarians until his death in 925.

In addition to his numerous letters to various notables and foreign rulers (including Simeon I of Bulgaria), Nicholas Mystikos wrote a homily on thesack of Thessalonica by theArabs in 904. He was a critical thinker who went as far as to question the authority ofOld Testament quotations and the notion that the emperor's command was unwritten law.

Notes and references

[edit]

^(in Greek)Ὁ Ἅγιος Νικόλαος ὁ Α' ὁ Μυστικὸς, Πατριάρχης Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, 16 Μαΐου, ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.

Bibliography

[edit]

Nicholas I, Patriarch of Constantinople,Letters, Greek Text and English Tr. byRomilly Jenkins and L. G. Westerink (Washington, D.C., 1973).
Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991).The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-504652-8.

Titles of Chalcedonian Christianity
Preceded by Antony II	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 901 – 907	Succeeded by Euthymius I
Preceded by Euthymius I	Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople 912 – 925	Succeeded by Stephen II

v t e Bishops of Byzantium and Patriarchs ofConstantinople
Bishops ofByzantium (Roman period, 38–330 AD)	Andrew Stachys Onesimus Polycarpus I Plutarch Sedecion Diogenes Eleutherius Felix Polycarpus II Athenodorus Euzois Laurence Alypius Pertinax Olympianus Marcus I Philadelphus Cyriacus I Castinus Eugenius I Titus Dometius Rufinus Probus Metrophanes Alexander
Archbishops ofConstantinople (Roman period, 330–451 AD)	Alexander Paul I Eusebius Macedonius I Eudoxius Evagrius Demophilus Maximus I Gregory I Nectarius John I Chrysostom Arsacius Atticus Sisinnius I Nestorius Maximianus Proclus Flavian Anatolius
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Byzantine period, 451–1453 AD)	Anatolius Gennadius I Acacius Fravitta Euphemius Macedonius II Timothy I John II Epiphanius Anthimus I Menas Eutychius John III John IV Cyriacus II Thomas I Sergius I Pyrrhus Paul II Peter Thomas II John V Constantine I Theodore I George I Paul III Callinicus I Cyrus John VI Germanus I Anastasius Constantine II Nicetas I Paul IV Tarasius Nicephorus I Theodotus I Antony I John VII Methodius I Ignatios Photios I Stephen I Antony II Nicholas I Εuthymius I Stephen II Tryphon Theophylact Polyeuctus Βasil I Αntony III Nicholas II Sisinnius II Sergius II Eustathius Alexius Michael I Constantine III John VIII Cosmas I Eustratius Nicholas III John IX Leo Michael II Cosmas II Nicholas IV Theodotus II Neophytus I Constantine IV Luke Michael III Chariton Theodosius I Basil II Nicetas II Leontius Dositheus George II John X Michael IV^† Theodore II^† Maximus II^† Μanuel I^† Germanus II^† Methodius II^† Manuel II^† Arsenius^† Nicephorus II^† Germanus III Joseph I John XI Gregory II Athanasius I John XII Nephon I John XIII Gerasimus I Isaias John XIV Isidore I Callistus I Philotheus Macarius Nilus Antony IV Callistus II Matthew I Euthymius II Joseph II Metrophanes II Gregory III Athanasius II
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Ottoman period, 1453–1923 AD)	Gennadius II Isidore II Joasaph I Sophronius I Mark II Symeon I Dionysius I Raphael I Maximus III Nephon II Maximus IV Joachim I Pachomius I Theoleptus I Jeremias I Joannicius I Dionysius II Joasaph II Metrophanes III Jeremias II Pachomius II Theoleptus II Matthew II Gabriel I Theophanes I Meletius I Neophytus II Raphael II Cyril I Timothy II Gregory IV Anthimus II Cyril II Athanasius III Neophytus III Parthenius I Parthenius II Joannicius II Cyril III Paisius I Parthenius III Gabriel II Parthenius IV Dionysius III Clement Methodius III Dionysius IV Gerasimus II Athanasius IV James Callinicus II Neophytus IV Gabriel III Neophytus V Cyprianus Athanasius V Cyril IV Cosmas III Jeremias III (Callinicus III) Paisius II Seraphim I Neophytus VI Cyril V Callinicus IV (III) Seraphim II Joannicius III Samuel Meletius II Theodosius II Sophronius II Gabriel IV Procopius Neophytus VII Gerasimus III Gregory V Callinicus V (IV) Jeremias IV Cyril VI Eugenius II Anthimus III Chrysanthus Agathangelus Constantius I Constantius II Gregory VI Anthimus IV Anthimus V Germanus IV Meletius III Anthimus VI Cyril VII Joachim II Sophronius III Joachim III Joachim IV Dionysius V Neophytus VIII Anthimus VII Constantine V Germanus V Meletius IV
Patriarchs of Constantinople (Turkish period, since 1923 AD)	Gregory VII Constantine VI Basil III Photius II Benjamin Maximus V Athenagoras Demetrius Bartholomew
^† in exile atNicaea Christianity portal

Authority control databases
International	ISNI VIAF GND FAST WorldCat
National	United States France BnF data Spain Netherlands Norway Greece Poland Vatican Israel
Academics	CiNii 2
People	Deutsche Biographie DDB
Other	IdRef Open Library 2 Yale LUX

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Mystikos&oldid=1279632921"

Categories:

Hidden categories:

[8]ページ先頭