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Nicholas

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Male given name
For other uses, seeNicholas (disambiguation) andNicolas (disambiguation).
Nicholas
Pronunciation/ˈnɪkələs/
GenderMale
Origin
Language(s)Greek
MeaningVictory of the people
Other names
Derived
  • Ancient Greek:Νῑκόλᾱος,romanized: Nikólaos:
  • Fromνίκη,nī́kē 'victory' andλᾱός,lāós 'people'
Related namesMiklós, Mikalai,Nicander, Nicanor,Niccolò,Nickolas,Nico,Nicol,Nicola,Nicolaas,Nicolae,Nicolao,Nicolas,Nicolau, Nicolay,Nicole,Nicolle, Nikita,Niklas,Nikola, Nikolai,Nikolaos,Nikolas,Nikolaus,Nikolla,Nikollë,Nikos

Nicholas is a male name, theAnglophone version of an ancient Greek name in use since antiquity, and cognate with the modern GreekΝικόλαος,Nikolaos. It originally derived from a combination of twoGreek words meaning 'victory' and 'people'. In turn, the name means "victory of the people."

The name has been widely used in countries with significant Christian populations, owing in part to the veneration ofSaint Nicholas, which became increasingly prominent in Western Europe from the 11th century. Revered as a saint in many Christian denominations, theEastern Orthodox,Catholic, andAnglican Churches all celebrateSaint Nicholas Day on December 6. In maritime regions throughout Europe, the name and its derivatives have been especially popular, as St Nicholas is considered the protector saint of seafarers. This remains particularly so inGreece, where St Nicholas is the patron saint of theHellenic Navy.[1][2]

Origins

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The name derives from theAncient Greek:Νῑκόλᾱος,romanized: Nikólaos.[3] It is understood to mean 'victory of the people', being a compound of two Greek words,νίκη,nī́kē 'victory'[4] andλᾱός,lāós 'people'.[5] An ancient[5]paretymology (a false etymology) of the latter element,λᾱός, is that it originates fromλᾶς,lâs (acontracted form ofλᾶας,lâas), meaning 'stone' or 'rock'.[6] This is in reference to the story ofDeucalion andPyrrha fromGreek mythology. As the sole survivors ofa catastrophic deluge, they were able to repopulate the world by throwing stones behind them, over their shoulders, while they kept marching on. The stones formed men and women where they landed.

The name became popular throughSaint Nicholas, Bishop ofMyra inLycia, the inspiration forSanta Claus, but it predates said bishop by several centuries: the Athenian historianThucydides for example, mentions that in the second year of thePeloponnesian War (431–404 BC) between Sparta and Athens, the Spartans sent a delegation to the Persian king to ask for his help to fight the Athenians; a certain Nikolaos was one of the delegates.[7]

The customary English spellingNicholas, using ach, as though the word were spelled in Greek with achi, first came into use in the 12th century and has been firmly established since theReformation, although the spellingNicolas is occasionally used.[citation needed]

In Scotland, until the late nineteenth century, fishing communities used Nicholas as a female name.[8][9]

Male variations

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Variations for males include:[10][11]

Female forms

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Female forms include:[10]

People known as Nicholas

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Single name (rulers, popes, patriarch and antipopes)

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Given (first) name

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Nobility

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Saints

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Catholic

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Eastern Orthodox

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Surname

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See also

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References

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  1. ^"Greece".St. Nicholas Center. Archived fromthe original on 14 December 2022.
  2. ^English, Adam C. (2012)."Death Is Only the Beginning".The Saint Who Would Be Santa Claus: The true life and trials of Nicholas of Myra. Waco, Texas (USA): Baylor University Press. pp. 165–191.ISBN 978-1-60258-634-5.
  3. ^"Saint Nicholas: The story behind the legendary figure that inspired the modern-day Santa".Newshub. Archived fromthe original on December 23, 2022. Retrieved2023-01-02.
  4. ^νίκη.Liddell, Henry George;Scott, Robert;A Greek–English Lexicon at thePerseus Project.
  5. ^abλαός inLiddell andScott.
  6. ^λᾶας inLiddell andScott.
  7. ^Thucydides."2.67".History of the Peloponnesian War. At thePerseus Project digital library.
  8. ^"Details for the forename Nicholas".www.whatsinaname.net.
  9. ^"Forenames: Ambiguous names".ScotlandsPeople. Gov.UK.Names that, today, we would normally associate with boys were occasionally (mainly in the North of Scotland) given to girls and vice versa, for example, Nicholas.
  10. ^ab"Nicholas".Behind the Name.
  11. ^"Nikolai".Nordic Names.
  12. ^Makaleler.Turuk Dergisi.
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