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Francis-Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận | |
|---|---|
| President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace | |
 Thuận in 2001–02 | |
| Native name | Phanxicô Xaviê Nguyễn Văn Thuận |
| Church | Catholic |
| Appointed | 24 June 1998 |
| Term ended | 16 September 2002 |
| Predecessor | Roger Marie Élie Etchegaray |
| Successor | Renato Raffaele Martino |
| Other post(s) | Cardinal-Deacon of Santa Maria della Scala (2001–2002) |
| Previous post(s) | |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 11 June 1953 by Jean-Baptiste UrrutiaMEP |
| Consecration | 24 June 1967 by Angelo Palmas |
| Created cardinal | 21 February 2001 byPope John Paul II |
| Rank | Cardinal-Deacon |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1928-04-17)17 April 1928 |
| Died | 16 September 2002(2002-09-16) (aged 74) Rome,Italy |
| Buried | Santa Maria della Scala, Rome, Italy |
| Nationality | Vietnamese |
| Denomination | Catholic |
| Motto | Gaudium et spes (Joy and hope) |
| Coat of arms |  |
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Phanxicô Xaviê Nguyễn Văn Thuận, also known asFrancis-Xavier Nguyễn Văn Thuận (pronounced[ŋʷjə̌ˀnvantʰwə̂ˀn]ⓘ; 17 April 1928 – 16 September 2002), was a Vietnamesecardinal in theCatholic Church. He was a nephew ofSouth Vietnam's first president,Ngô Đình Diệm, and of ArchbishopNgô Đình Thục.[1][2][3] Thuận, targeted for his faith as well as his family connections toNgô Đình Diệm, was detained by the communist government of Vietnam in are-education camp for 13 years, nine insolitary confinement.
Pope Francis named him asVenerable on 4 May 2017, a significant step on the road towards canonization.[4]
Thuận was born inHuế in 1928, the son of Nguyễn Văn Ấm and Elizabeth Ngô Đình Thị Hiệp, daughter ofNgô Đình Khả.[5] He joined the seminary at An Ninh as a teenager, and was ordained a priest on 11 June 1953, by MonsignorJean-Baptiste Urrutia.[5] After three years of further studies in Rome, he was appointed in 1959–1967 as a faculty member and rector of the Seminary of Hoan Thiện, Huế.
| Styles of François Nguyễn Văn Thuận | |
|---|---|
| |
| Reference style | His Eminence |
| Spoken style | Your Eminence |
| Informal style | Cardinal |
| See | Vadesi (titular) |
He was appointed Bishop ofNha Trang on 13 April 1967 and received episcopal consecration on 4 June 1967 atHuế fromAngelo Palmas, Apostolic Delegate to Viêt Nam (and later Nuncio toColombia and to Canada), assisted by ArchbishopsPhilippe Nguyễn Kim Điền, titular archbishop of Parium and Apostolic Administrator ofHuế, andJean-Baptiste Urrutia, titular archbishop of Carpato. On 24 April 1975, he was appointedCoadjutorArchbishop ofSài Gòn. Six days later,Sài Gòn fell to the North Vietnamese Army. Thuận, targeted for his faith as well as his family connections to Ngô Đình Diệm, was detained by the communist government of Vietnam in a re-education camp for 13 years, nine in solitary confinement.[6]
In prison, he smuggled out messages to his people on scraps of paper. The brief reflections, copied by hand and circulated within the Vietnamese community, have been printed in the book,The Road of Hope. Through a network of influentialOverseas Vietnamese, including dignitaries, like his former classmateMonsignor Trần Văn Hoài,The Road of Hope was distributed worldwide. Another book,Prayers of Hope, contains his prayers written in prison. The bishop fashioned a tiny Bible out of scraps of paper. Sympathetic guards smuggled in a piece of wood and some wire from which he crafted a small crucifix.[7]
On 21 November 1988, Thuận was released by the communist government but kept under house arrest in the archbishop's house inHanoi, impeded from returning to his see,Hồ Chí Minh City. He was allowed to visit Rome in 1991 but not to return. The following year, he was given a post at the International Catholic Commission for Migration inGeneva,Switzerland. On 24 November 1994, he was appointed President of thePontifical Council for Justice and Peace, and at the same time resigned from his post of Coadjutor Archbishop of Sai Gon. As President of the Pontifical Council, he handled issues such asThird World debt. In 1995, he was appointed Postulator of the Cause of Beatification of Brother Nguyễn Tân Văn, also known asMarcel Van. On 21 February 2001, Thuận was created aCardinal Deacon ofSanta Maria della Scala. He died of cancer in a clinic inRome, Italy, on 16 September 2002, at the age of 74.
On 16 September 2007, the fifth anniversary of the cardinal's death, the Catholic Church began thebeatification process for Thuận.[8]
Pope Benedict XVI expressed "profound joy" at news of the official opening of the beatification cause.[9] Catholics in Vietnam also positively received the news on beatification process opening for the cardinal. In the words of a catechist from theArchdiocese of Hồ Chí Minh City, "Nguyễn Văn Thuận is an example of holiness for Vietnamese Catholics and for the entire world."[10]
In his 2007 encyclical,Spe Salvi, Benedict XVI referred to Thuận'sPrayers of Hope, saying:
During thirteen years in jail, in a situation of seemingly utter hopelessness, the fact that he could listen and speak to God became for him an increasing power of hope, which enabled him, after his release, to become for people all over the world a witness to hope—to that great hope which does not wane even in the nights of solitude.
Dr. Waldery Hilgeman is postulator of the cause for Thuận's canonization.[11]
The late Cardinal Nguyen Van Thuan, a prisoner for thirteen years, nine of them spent in solitary confinement, has left us a precious little book: Prayers of Hope.
