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Ngawun language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Extinct Australian Aboriginal language

Ngawun
Native to	Australia
Region	Cape York Peninsula,Queensland
Ethnicity	Ngawun,Wanamara
Extinct	1977
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Mayabic Ngawun
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either: `nxn` – Ngawun `wnn` – Wunumara
Glottolog	`ngaw1240` Ngawun
AIATSIS^[1]	`G17` Ngawun,`G16.1` Wunumura
ELP	Ngawun

Ngawun is anextinct Mayi language once spoken on theCape York Peninsula ofQueensland,Australia, by the Wunumara andNgawun peoples. The last speaker of the language wasCherry O'Keefe (orTjapun in the language) who died ofpneumonia on 24 August 1977.^[2]

Theetymology of the nameNgawun is unknown.

Wanamarra (also known asMaykulan andWunumura) was spoken inNorth West Queensland. The language region includes areas within theShire of McKinlay,Shire of Cloncurry andShire of Richmond, including theFlinders River area, and the towns ofKynuna andRichmond.^[3]

Phonology

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Labial	Velar	Dental	Alveolo- palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Plosive	p	k	t̪	t̠ʲ	t	ʈ
Nasal	m	ŋ	n̪	n̠ʲ	n	ɳ
Rhotic					ɾ
Lateral				(l̠ʲ)	l	ɭ
Approximant	w			j		ɻ

/t̪/ can be heard as fricatives [θ] in intervocalic positions, and as [ð] when in between a nasal and a vowel.
/ɾ/ can be heard as a trill [r] when in word-final position.
/ɭ/ can be heard as an alveolo-palatal [l̠ʲ] when before /t̠ʲ/.

Vowels

	Front	Back
Close	i, iː	u, uː
Open	a, aː

/i/ can be heard as [ɪ] when before /j/ or any other alveolo-palatal laminal sounds.
/u/ can also be heard as [ʊ], and as [o] when in word-final positions.^[4]

References

^G17 Ngawun at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (see the info box for additional links)
^Breen, Gavan (1981).The Mayi languages of the Queensland Gulf Country. Canberra: AIAS. p. 13.ISBN 0-85575-124-X.
^ This Wikipedia article incorporatesCC BY 4.0 licensed text from:"Wanamarra".Queensland Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages map.State Library of Queensland. Retrieved5 February 2020.
^Breen, Gavan (1981).The Mayi languages of the Queensland Gulf Country. Canberra: AIAS. pp. 21–31.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Alngith Linnithigh Mpakwithi Ndra'ngith Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mpalitjanh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ndwa'ngith Ngkoth Unjadi Uradhi Atampaya Yinwum Wudhadhi Yadhaykenu Angkamuthi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Kuku Nyungkal Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama Wamin
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Badjiri Bidjara Biri Kingkel Bayali Darumbal Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Tulua Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar–Pimpama Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Ngarigo Ngunnawal–Gundungurra Tharawal Dharawal Dhurga Dyirringany Thawa Yugambal? Marbal Worimi Awabakal Gathang
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Bidhawal Pallanganmiddang
Yugambeh–Bandjalang	Waalubal Yugambeh Githabul Bundjalung
Other	Anewan Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny Bigambal Guyambal Lower Burdekin Bindal

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung Yaran
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot

Western Pama–Nyungan

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Thaagurda Nhanda–Nhanhagardi Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Burduna–Baiyungu Thalanyji–Pinikura Mantharta Tharrgari Warriyangka Thiin Jiwarli
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Warlmanpa Warlpiri Ngumpin Walmajarri Djaru Gurindji Bilinarra Mudburra
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun
Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte Pertame
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Barranbinja Yarli

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Anindilyakwa Dalabon Gunbarlang Jawoyn Kunwinjku Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu Rembarrnga Uwinymil Waray
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman

Italics indicateextinct languages

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