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Ngadjunmaya language

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Endangered Pama–Nyungan language of Australia

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Ngadjunmaya
Ngadjumaya
Native to	Australia
Region	Goldfields-Esperance; Eyre’s Sand Patch, Goddard Creek to Port Malcolm, to Fraser Range, to Naretha and Point Culver, at Mount Andres, Russell Range, Balladonia, and Norseman
Ethnicity	Ngadjunmaia, ?Murunitja
Native speakers	20 (2021)^[1]
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Mirning Ngadjunmaya
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`nju`
Glottolog	`ngad1258`
AIATSIS^[1]	`A3`

Ngadjunmaya, correctly known asNgadjumaya^{[citation needed]}, is aPama–Nyungan language ofWestern Australia that is located in theGoldfields-Esperance region.

Murunitja was apparently a dialect of either Ngadjumaya or ofMirning.

Phonology

Vowels

Three vowels with length are present:

	Front	Back
High	i iː	u uː
Low	a aː

/i/ can also be heard as[e] before a velar /k/, and as [ɛ ~æ] before palatal sounds /ʎ, j/.
/a/ can also be heard as[ɔ] when following sounds /w, j/, and as[o] when following /k/.
/u/ can also be heard as fronted[ʏ] when preceding /j/.

Consonants

	Peripheral		Laminal		Apical
	Labial	Velar	Dental	Palatal	Alveolar	Retroflex
Plosive	p	k	t̪	c	t	ʈ
Nasal	m	ŋ	n̪	ɲ	n	ɳ
Lateral			l̪	ʎ	l	ɭ
Rhotic					r	ɽ
Approximant	w			j

/ɽ/ can be heard as either a tap[ɽ] or a glide[ɻ].
/r/ can be heard as either a trill[r] or a tap[ɾ].
/k/ can also have a voiced allophone of[ɣ] when in word-medial positions.^[2]

References

^^a ^bA3 Ngadjunmaya at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^von Brandenstein, C. G. (1980).Ngadjumaja: An Aboriginal Language of South-East Western Australia. Innsbruck: AMOE.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: publisher location (link)

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Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Alngith Linnithigh Mpakwithi Ndra'ngith Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mpalitjanh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ndwa'ngith Ngkoth Unjadi Uradhi Atampaya Yinwum Wudhadhi Yadhaykenu Angkamuthi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Kuku Nyungkal Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama Wamin
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Badjiri Bidjara Biri Kingkel Bayali Darumbal Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Tulua Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar–Pimpama Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Ngarigo Ngunnawal–Gundungurra Tharawal Dharawal Dhurga Dyirringany Thawa Yugambal? Marbal Worimi Awabakal Gathang
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Bidhawal Pallanganmiddang
Yugambeh–Bandjalang	Waalubal Yugambeh Githabul Bundjalung
Other	Anewan Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny Bigambal Guyambal Lower Burdekin Bindal

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung Yaran
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot

Mirning
Ngadjunmaya

Western Pama–Nyungan

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Thaagurda Nhanda–Nhanhagardi Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Burduna–Baiyungu Thalanyji–Pinikura Mantharta Tharrgari Warriyangka Thiin Jiwarli
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Warlmanpa Warlpiri Ngumpin Walmajarri Djaru Gurindji Bilinarra Mudburra
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun
Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte Pertame
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Barranbinja Yarli

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Anindilyakwa Dalabon Gunbarlang Jawoyn Kunwinjku Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu Rembarrnga Uwinymil Waray
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman

Italics indicateextinct languages

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