Elections in New York
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State government New York gubernatorial elections 1777 1780 1783 1786 1789 1792 1795 1798 1801 1804 1807 1810 1813 1816 1817 1820 1822 1824 1826 1828 1830 1832 1834 1836 1838 1840 1842 1844 1846 1848 1850 1852 1854 1856 1858 1860 1862 1864 1866 1868 1870 1872 1874 1876 1879 1882 1885 1888 1891 1894 1896 1898 1900 1902 1904 1906 1908 1910 1912 1914 1916 1918 1920 1922 1924 1926 1928 1930 1932 1934 1936 1938 1942 1946 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 Attorney General elections 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 State Comptroller elections 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 State Senate elections 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 State Assembly elections 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 General elections 1811-LtGSE 1844 1846 1847-JSE 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1870–JSE 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1900 1902 1903 1904 1906 1907 1908 1910 1912 1913 1914 1916 1917 1918 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1926 1927 1928 1930 1932 1933 1934 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1942 1943 1944 1946 1949 1950 1952 1953 1954 1956 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1972 1973 1974 2002 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2016 2018 2020 2021 2022 2024 2025 2026 Ballot Measures 2017 New York Proposition 1 2025 New York Proposal 1
New York City Mayoral elections Pre-consolidation: 1850 ... 1854 1856 1857 1859 1861 ... 1886 1888 1890 1892 1894 Post-consolidation: 1897 1901 1903 1905 1909 1913 1917 1921 1925 1929 1932 1933 1937 1941 1945 1950 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 (Dem primary) 2025 (Dem primary) City Council elections Pre-consolidation: 1808 Post-consolidation: 1897 1899 1901 1903 1905 1907 1909 1911 1913 1915 1917 1919 1921 1923 1925 1927 1929 1931 1933 1935 1937 1939 1941 1943 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2023 2025 Public Advocate elections 1897 1901 1905 1909 1913 1917 1921 1925 1929 1933 1937 1941 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2019(special) 2019 2021 2025 Comptroller elections 1897 1901 1905 1909 1913 1917 1921 1925 1929 1933 1937 1941 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 Borough president elections 1897 1901 1905 1909 1913 1917 1921 1925 1929 1933 1937 1941 1945 1949 1953 1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 District attorney elections Manhattan:20212025 Queens:20192023 Ballot Proposals 2019 2025
Albany Mayoral elections 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025
Buffalo Mayoral elections 1881 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025
Erie County County Executive elections 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023
Nassau County County Executive elections 2021 2025
Rochester Mayoral elections 2001 2005 2009 2011 sp 2013 2017 2021 2025
Syracuse Mayoral elections 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025
Westchester County County Executive elections 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 (special) 2025
v t e

Themayor of New York City is elected in early November every four years, in the year immediately following aUnited States presidential election year, and takes office at the beginning of the following year.New York City, which elects the mayor as its chief executive, consists ofthe five boroughs (Manhattan,The Bronx,Brooklyn,Queens andStaten Island), which consolidated to form"Greater" New York on January 1, 1898.

The consolidated city's first mayor,Robert A. Van Wyck, was elected with other municipal officers inNovember 1897. Mayoral elections previously had been held since 1834 by theCity of Brooklyn and the smaller, unconsolidatedCity of New York (Manhattan, later expanded into the Bronx).

Eric Adams took office 12:01 AM on January 1, 2022, at a private swearing-in, followed by a public ceremony later in the day. He followsBill de Blasio, who served two consecutive terms after being elected in 2013 and for a second term in 2017.

Zohran Mamdani will be sworn in on January 1, 2026, after winning the2025 mayoral election.

Direct elections to the mayoralty of the unconsolidated City of New York began in 1834 for a term of one year, extended to two years after 1849. The 1897 Charter of the consolidated City stipulated that the mayor was to be elected for a single four-year term. In 1901, the term halved to two years, with no restrictions on reelection. In 1905, the term was extended to four years once again. (MayorsFiorello La Guardia,Robert F. Wagner Jr. andEd Koch were later able to serve for twelve years each.)^[1] In 1993, the voters approved a two-term (eight-year) limit, and reconfirmed this limit when the issue was submitted to referendum in 1996. In 2008, theNew York City Council voted to change the two-term limit to three terms (without submitting the issue to the voters).^[2] Legal challenges to the council's action were rejected by Federal courts in January and April, 2009.^[3] However, in 2010, yet another referendum, reverting the limit to two terms, passed overwhelmingly.^[4]

Principal source:The Encyclopedia of New York City (seeSources below), entries for "charter" and "mayoralty".

1. Mayor Strong, elected in 1894, served an extra year because no municipal election was held in 1896, in anticipation of the consolidated City's switch to odd-year elections.
2. George B. McClellan Jr. was elected to one two-year term (1904–1905) and one four-year term (1906–1909)
3. David Dinkins was not affected by the term limit enacted in 1993 because he had served only one term by 1993 and failed to win re-election.
4. TheSeptember 11 attacks on theWorld Trade Center in Manhattan coincided with the primary elections for a successor to Mayor Giuliani, who was completing his second and final term of office. Many were so impressed by both the urgency of the situation and Giuliani's response that they wanted to keep him in office beyond December 31, 2001, either by removing the term limit or by extending his service for a few months.^[5] However, neither happened, the primary elections (with the same candidates) were re-run on September 25, the general election was held as scheduled on November 6, andMichael Bloomberg took office on the regularly appointed date of January 1, 2002.
5. On October 2, 2008, Michael Bloomberg announced that he would ask the city council to extend the limit for mayor, council and other officers from two terms to three, and that, should such an extended limit prevail, he himself would seek re-election as mayor.^[6] On October 23, theNew York City Council voted 29–22 to extend the two-term limit to three terms. (A proposed amendment to submit the vote to a public referendum had failed earlier the same day by a vote of 22–28 with one abstention.)^[2]
6. In November 2010, yet another popular referendum, limiting mayoral terms to two, passed overwhelmingly.^[4]

MayorsJohn T. Hoffman (1866–68, elected Governor 1868),William Havemeyer (1845–46, 1848–49, and 1873–74),William Jay Gaynor (1910–13),Jimmy Walker (1926–32), andWilliam O'Dwyer (1946–50) failed to complete the final terms to which they were elected. The uncompleted mayoral terms of Hoffman, Walker, and O'Dwyer were added to the other offices elected in (respectively) 1868,1932, and1950 [those three elections are listed as "special" in the table below because they occurred before the next regularly scheduledmayoral election; the "regular" mayoral elections of 1874 and 1913, on the other hand, were held on the same day that they would have happened had the mayoralty not become vacant.]

† Became acting mayor as the president of the board of aldermen or (in 1950) city council.

(D) = (Democratic)

(R) = (Republican)

1. Havemeyer was a Democrat who ran as a Republican against the DemocraticTweed Ring in 1872.
2. Coman, Vance and Kline did not seek election as mayor.
3. McKee and Impellitteri were Democrats who lost the Democratic primary to succeed themselves, but still ran in the general election as independents.
4. Hall won re-election, while Wickham did not seek it. Mitchel and O'Brien lost attempts at re-election, while Impellitteri did not run for a full term in the 1953 regular general election after losing the Democratic primary.

The below table is a snapshot of the mayoral election results for major candidates, with each election year linking to more detailed sections on this page. The candidates have the ballot line they ran on in that election campaign, which may not always reflect their formal party affiliation during that time. The winning candidate is emphasized in bold face shaded in the color of their main ballot line. Candidates who were serving as the incumbent mayor at the time of the election (elected or acting) are initalics and an additional "(inc.)" notation.

A general summary of the table's abbreviated parties are:D =Democratic Party, R =Republican Party, Lib =Liberal Party, Cons =Conservative Party, Ind =Independent, Soc =Socialist Party of America, ALP =American Labor Party, WFP =Working Families Party, Independence =Independence Party, Jeff =Jeffersonian (George's 1897 campaign), Exp = Experience Party (Impellitteri's 1950 campaign), Jobs & Edu = Independent Jobs and Education Party (Bloomberg's 2009 campaign)

See the table above for more information about the candidates and parties involved. Blue indicates a candidate endorsed by theDemocratic Party; pink one endorsed by theRepublicans; and buff (or beige) one endorsed by neither party. (Darker shades indicate where a borough voted for a candidate who lost the citywide vote.) In 1981,Ed Koch ran on the tickets of both the Democrats and the Republicans.

Click a year to see the table or tables for that particular election (# indicates a link devoted to one specific election rather than to a set of two to six.)

Although separateboroughs since 1898,the Bronx andManhattan shared New York County and reported elections together until the separate Bronx County was formed in April 1912 and started her separate existence on January 1, 1914. The borough of Richmond changed its name toStaten Island in 1975, although the co-extensive Richmond County still retains that name.

Although it was not uncommon for a candidate to carry all five boroughs in the same election, variations in voting patterns are noticeable. Since it started reporting separate returns in 1913,the Bronx has supported a Republican only three times (Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937, and 1941).Manhattan has opposed only two successful candidates (Giuliani in1993 andBloomberg in2001). On the other hand, in the 15 elections since 1961 that were contested between Democratic and Republican candidates (i.e. excluding1981, whenEd Koch was endorsed by both parties),Staten Island has voted for only two Democratic candidates,Abe Beame in1973 and Koch in1985. Prior to this, it had only voted Republican three times (in 1903, 1933, and 1937).Queens has voted for only three Republicans until 1961 (in 1903, 1933, and 1937), but since 1961 it voted for the winner all but twice (in 1977 and 1989).Brooklyn has backed a Republican twice since 1945 (in 1997 and 2005). 1985 was the last election in which any candidate swept all five boroughs.

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One pattern, stretching back well before consolidation and lasting into the 1960s, is the conflict between, on one side,Tammany Hall, theDemocratic political organization largely built onpolitical patronage with a consequent deep skepticism aboutCivil Service, themerit system of assigning government jobs, andcompetitive bidding for city contracts, and on the other hand, its various opponents, includingRepublicans, businessmen opposed to taxation or extorted bribes, middle-class reformers andlabor union activists.

Until the election ofFiorello H. La Guardia in1933, it was almost never possible to unite the disparate anti-Tammany elements in a coalition strong enough to prevail for more than one election. (This was not only for negative reasons: Tammany could listen to and satisfy some of its opponents' needs, and could on occasion run candidates of undoubted quality, such asAbram Hewitt to opposeHenry George's United Labor Party in 1886.^[7] ) In the reported words of the Tammany leaderGeorge Washington Plunkitt, reformers were only "mornin' glories —- looked lovely in the mornin' and withered up in a short time, while the regular machines went on flourishin' forever, like fine old oaks.".^[8]

Quite apart from Tammany Hall itself, both Republicans and left-wing reform parties have always had to deal with the overwhelmingly Democratic sympathies of New York City's voters. Neither the various Socialist and labor parties nor the Republicans were ever strong enough to elect a Mayor alone without the support, or at least the benign non-hostility, of other parties and independents.

The local term for uniting several constituencies or movements against Tammany wasFusion, which usually required the Republicans to abstain from competing with a non-Republican reform candidate (as in the elections ofSeth Low in1901 andJohn P. Mitchel in1913). Later the unusual ability of New York candidates to combine (fuse) votes from several different parties allowed Republicans and Democrats to run their own reform candidates on third party lines, such as "Fusion",American Labor,Liberal,Conservative andIndependence. In fact, no Republican has ever been elected Mayor of consolidated New York without the support of at least one other significant party, from LaGuardia to the ex-DemocratMichael Bloomberg.

Even when a candidate could not gain another party's support, they often found it expedient to create a separate line or party name for independent voters to support him, such as "Recovery" (Joseph V. McKee in1933), "Anticommunist" (Jeremiah T. Mahoney in1937), "Experience" (Vincent Impellitteri in1950) or "Brotherhood" (Robert F. Wagner Jr. in1961). In1965, Rep.John Lindsay (R-Liberal) won votes on the "Independent Citizens" line, while his opponent ComptrollerAbe Beame (D) won additional votes for "Civil Service Fusion".

Although granting or withholding endorsement was an effective tool for a minor party to influence a candidate's policies and actions, it could sometimes lead to counter-pressure from those who felt that candidates were being swayed too far in the wrong direction. This was one of the main reasons for founding theConservative Party of New York in 1962 by those upset at the liberalism of Republican GovernorNelson A. Rockefeller and (later) Lindsay, against whose1965 Mayoral campaign the Conservatives ranWilliam F. Buckley, Jr.

More recently, there has been a trend of reformers working not through third parties (such as the now-dormantLiberals) but through Reform Democratic clubs, leading to lively internal contests such as the1989 Democratic primary whereDavid Dinkins unseated incumbent MayorEd Koch who started his own political career in a Reform Democratic Club.^[9] On the other side, however, dissatisfied conservatives have created their own new parties outside the Republican Party, such as theNew York State Right to Life Party and theIndependence Party of New York.

Democratic state assemblymanZohran Mamdani won the election, becoming the city's youngest mayor in a century.^[10] Mamdani became the first mayoral candidate since1969 to receive more than one million votes,^[11] and the race was the first since 1969 to attract more than two million votes in total.^[12]

Brooklyn Borough PresidentEric Adams of theDemocratic Party defeatedGuardian Angels founderCurtis Sliwa, who ran on theRepublican and Independent lines by a margin of 441,416 votes or 66.99% against 27.76%. Notable third-party candidates included teacher Cathy Rojas of theParty for Socialism and Liberation (2.49%/27,982 votes) and retired police officer Bill Pepitone of theConservative Party (1.12%/12,575 votes) andStacey Prussman of theLibertarian Party (0.3%/3,189). However, this was ultimately a fairly partisan election by New York City standards with 94% of voters voting on the Democratic and Republican lines. This was likely due to the absence of theWorking Families Party from the ballot, who elected not to endorse a candidate and the standalone candidacy of the Conservative Party, who typically garner votes by endorsing the Republican candidate.

Bill de Blasio, the incumbent mayor, won re-election to a second term, onDemocratic andWorking Families Party lines, over challengersNicole Malliotakis on theRepublican andConservative party lines,Sal Albanese on theReform Party line,Akeem Browder on theGreen Party line, independent candidatesMike Tolkin andBo Dietl, andLibertarian Party candidate Aaron Commey.

The principal candidates wereJoe Lhota on the Republican and Conservative lines,Bill de Blasio on the Democratic and Working Families lines, and some independents. Bill de Blasio won the election in a landslide

Democratic primary election, Tuesday, September 10, 2013

Bill de Blasio, the city's electedPublic Advocate, won 40.8% of the total Democratic primary vote and, by exceeding 40.0%, avoided an October 1 primary runoff withBill Thompson, who won the second-highest number of primary votes, or 26.1%. (In 2009, Thompson had won the Democratic primary only to lose a close general election to MayorMichael Bloomberg.)Christine Quinn, theSpeaker of the New York City Council, came in third, with 15.7%, while none of the other candidates, includingCity ComptrollerJohn Liu and former CongressmanAnthony Weiner, won as much as 10%. De Blasio carried all five boroughs and Thompson came in second in every borough except Manhattan, where he finished third behind Quinn.

From theBoard of Elections in the City of New York, September 27, 2013^[14]

Republican primary election, Tuesday, September 10, 2013,

In the Republican primary,Joe Lhota, a former deputy mayor and former chairman of theMetropolitan Transportation Authority carried every borough but Staten Island, which was won byJohn Catsimatidis, a businessman, publisher and property developer. Catsimatidis, in losing, won nearly as large a percentage of his own party's vote (40.69%) as the Democratic winner, Bill de Blasio won of his (40.81%). The 61,111 valid votes cast in the Republican primary were less than one-eleventh of the 691,801 cast in the Democratic one held on the same day in the same polling places.

From the Board of Elections in the City of New York, September 27, 2013^[15]

The principal candidates were MayorMichael Bloomberg, an independent running for the third time on the Republican andIndependence Party lines, and New York City ComptrollerBill Thompson, running for the Democratic andWorking Families Parties. Bloomberg had enjoyed pluralities of about 9% to 16% in most independent published pre-election polls and on Tuesday, November 3, he won his third term with 50.7% of votes over Thompson's 46%.

Other candidates included:^[16]

• Steven Christopher of Memorial Baptist Church in Brooklyn,Conservative Party of New York State
• Joseph Dobrian,Libertarian Party of New York
• ReverendBilly Talen of the Church of Life After Shopping,Green Party of New York
• Dan Fein,Socialist Workers Party
• Francisca Villar,Party for Socialism and Liberation
• Jimmy McMillan,Rent Is Too Damn High Party
• Tyrell Eiland, New Voice Party
• Jonny Porkpie, independent
• John M. Finan, independent

General election, Tuesday, November 3, 2009

Democratic primary, Tuesday, September 15, 2009,

From theBoard of Elections in the City of New York, September 26, 2009^[18]

Tony Avella represents a Queens district on theNew York City Council. Out of the nearly 400 write-in votes, almost half or 184 (representing about one Democratic voter in 2,000) were some form or spelling of Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

In 2005, MayorBloomberg won every borough butThe Bronx (of which his Democratic opponent was the former Borough President) against a Democratic Party split by a divisive primary, in contrast to his first victory in 2001, when Bloomberg carried onlyQueens andStaten Island.

Source: Board of Elections in the City of New Yorkhttp://www.vote.nyc.ny.us/results.htmlArchived 2010-01-06 at theWayback Machine

The 2001 mayoral election was held on Tuesday, November 6.

Republican incumbentRudy Giuliani could not run again due to term limits. As Democrats outnumber Republicans by 5 to 1 in the city, it was widely believed that a Democrat would succeed him in City Hall. However, billionaireMichael Bloomberg, a lifelong Democrat, changed his party affiliation a few months before the election in order to avoid a crowded primary, and ran as a Republican. The Democratic primary was meant to be held on September 11 but was postponed due to theSeptember 11 attacks; it was instead held on September 25. The primary opened the way to a bitter run-off between the Bronx-born Puerto RicanFernando Ferrer, andMark Green, a non-Hispanic who attacked Ferrer's close ties to Rev.Al Sharpton, leaving the party divided along racial lines.

Bloomberg spent $74 million on his election campaign, which was a record amount at the time for a non-presidential election (Bloomberg would break his own record in 2005).[1] Thanks also in part to active support from Giuliani, whose approval ratings shot up after the September 11 attacks, Bloomberg won a very close general election.

Notes:Giuliani vote was 748,277 Republican and 35,538 Liberal.Other vote was Sal Albanese -Independence-14,316 1.1%; Peter Gaffney-Right to Life-5,304 0.5%; Olga Rodriguez-Socialist Workers-3,753 0.3%; Dominick Fusco-Fusion- 632; Scattered 293

• In the Democratic Primary, Messinger defeated Rev.Al Sharpton, Sal Albanese and 2 others, avoiding a runoff election.

The vote was: Messenger-165,377 40.2%; Sharpton-131,848 32.0%; Albanese-86,485 21.0%; Eric Melendez-17,633 4.3%; Roland Rogers-10,086 2.5%

Giuliani vote included 867,767 Republican and 62,469 Liberal. Marlin vote included 9,433 Conservative and 6,493 Right to Life.In addition, there were 2,229 votes for J. Brennan-Libertarian; 2,061 votes for M. Bockman – Socialist Workers and 117 Scattered votes.

Dinkins won Democratic Primary with 336,285 votes to 126,449 for Roy Innis and 35,492 for Eric Melendez

Giuliani vote was 815,387 Republican and 55,077 Liberal.

Other vote was 1,732 Lenora Fulani-New Alliance; 1,671-James Harris-Socialist Workers; 1,118 Warren Raum-Libertarian; 435 Mazelis-Workers League.

Giuliani won the Republican Primary, defeating Ron Lauder 77,150 (67.0%) to 37,960 (33.0%)

The Koch vote include 862,226 Democratic and 6,034 Independent votes. The McGrath vote was 79,508 Republican and 22,160 Conservative.Other vote was: Yehuda Levin – Right to Life – 14,517; Lenora Fulani – New Alliance – 7,597;Jarvis Tyner – People Before Profits – 3,370; Andrea Gonzalez – Socialist Workers – 1,677; Gilbert DiLucia – Coalition – 1,135; Marjorie Stanberg – Spartacist – 1,101; Scattered – 9

Koch won the Democratic Primary: Koch-436,151 64.0%; Bellamy – 127,690 18.7%; Denny Farrell – 89,845 13.2%; DiLucia – 11, 627 1.7%; Fred Newman – 8,584 1.2%;Judah Rubenstein – 8,057 1.2%

Koch had 738,288 Democratic votes and 174,334 Republican votes.Others = 45,485.Jeronimo Dominguez – Right to Life – 32,790 2.7%; Judith Jones – Libertarian – 6,902 0.6%; Wells Todd – Socialist Workers – 5,793 0.5%Koch won the Democratic Primary with 347,351 votes (59.8%), defeating Barbaro who had 209,369 votes (36.0%) and Melvin Klenetsky who had 24,352 votes (4.2%). Koch also won the Republican Primary, defeating Esposito by 44,724 to 22,354.

In his 2005 bookLadies and Gentlemen, The Bronx Is Burning, historian Jonathan Mahler argues that theNew York City blackout of 1977, with its accompanying rioting, enabled the law-and-order advocateEd Koch to beat out his more left-wing opponents, including incumbent mayorAbe Beame, in the 1977 election.

Ed Koch was just 181 voices (0.013%) short from majority. As of 2024, 1977 NYC mayor election is the last one won by simple plurality (though Dinkins in 1989, Guliani in 1993 and Bloomberg twice in 2001 and 2009 won with tiny majority of 50.3-50.7% of valid votes).

Other vote was: Kenneth F. Newcombe – Communist – 5,300; Catarino Garza – Socialist Workers – 3,294; Vito Battista – United Taxpayers Party – 2,119; Louis Wein – Independent – 1,127; William Lawry – Free Libertarian – 1,068; Elijah Boyd – Labor – 873. Cuomo's total vote included 522,942 Liberal and 64,971 Neighborhood Government.

Runoff-Koch-433,002 55.0%; Cuomo-354,833 45.0% Total vote 787,835Manhattan-Koch-115,251 65.2%; Cuomo—61,570 34.8%Bronx-----Koch-69,612 55.7%; Cuomo—55,355 44.3%Brooklyn—Koch-131,271 53.8%; Cuomo—112,587 46.2%Queens----Koch-107,033 50.4%; Cuomo—105,522 49.6%Staten----Koch-9,835 33.1%; Cuomo—19,799 66.9%

Note that the eventual winner, Rep.Ed Koch, could not win a plurality in any of the Five Boroughs for the initial Democratic primary. Rep.Bella Abzug took Manhattan, MayorAbe Beame Brooklyn, Rep.Herman Badillo the Bronx, and NY Sec. of StateMario Cuomo Queens & Staten Island. In the Democratic run-off with Cuomo, Koch took Queens and three other boroughs, leaving Cuomo with only Staten Island. In the general election, Cuomo kept Staten Island and won back Queens, but lost the other three boroughs (Manhattan, Brooklyn and The Bronx) to Koch.

In the Republican primary,Roy M. Goodman, a member of theNew York State Senate, defeatedBarry Farber, a radio commentator, by a vote of 41,131 to 31,078(57.0% to 43.0%). Farber, however, won the nomination of theConservative Party of New York and won almost as many votes in the general election (57,437 or 4.0%) as Goodman did as the Republican nominee (58,606 or 4.1%).

Some figures and anecdotes courtesy James Trager'sNew York Chronology (HarperCollins: 2003). Other numbers are fromThe World Almanac and Book of Facts, then published byTheNew York World-Telegram (Scripps-Howard), for 1943 (page 412) and 1957 (page 299), and fromThe Encyclopedia of New York City (seeSources below).

Before 1975, the presentBorough ofStaten Island was formally known as The Borough of Richmond.

note: All the candidates exceptMarchi had run in the Democratic primary. Candidates votes on their second ballot lines included above were: Beame-Civil Service & Fusion −67,277; Marchi-Integrity – 14,271; Blumenthal – Good Government – 29, 335; Biaggi – Safe City – 8,010. Other vote includes 8,818 Fran Youngstein – Free Libertarian Party; 3,601 Rasheed Storey – Communist; 2,282 Norman Oliver – Socialist Workers; 2,000 Anton Chaiken -Labor; 1,762 John Emanuel – Socialist Labor

Note: In one of the most unusual primary seasons since the conglomeration of greater New York, the incumbent Mayor (Lindsay) and a former incumbent (Robert F. Wagner Jr.) both lost their parties' primaries. Procaccino won with less than 33% of the vote against four opponents, which inspired the use of runoffs in future primaries. In the general election, Lindsay carried Manhattan (the only borough he had carried in losing the Republican primary toMarchi, 107,000 to 113,000) as he did in 1965, but he was only 4,000 votes ahead of giving first place in Queens toProcaccino. Turnout dropped to 2.4 million from 2.6 million in 1965. (In the same election, Lindsay's 1965 opponentAbe Beame was easily returned to his old job of comptroller.)^[19]: 437

TheNew York Mets' unlikely win in the1969 World Series and Mayor Lindsay's participation in their postgame celebration may have given the Mayor a late public relations boost which contributed to his victory.^{[19]: 436 [20][21]}

• The Lindsay vote was 872,660 Liberal (36.5%) and 139,973 Independent (5.9%).
• Procaccino's vote was 774,708 Democratic (32.4%) and 57,064 Civil Service Fusion (2.4%).
• The Marchi vote was 329,506 Republican (13.8%) and 212,905 Conservative (8.9%).
• By themselves, the straight Democratic and Republican lines added up to less than 50% of the mayoral vote (1,104,214 or 46.2%), but more than the total vote for Lindsay (1,012,633 or 42.4%).
• Procaccino's general election votes on the Democratic line alone (774,708) were slightly fewer than the total votes received by all candidates in the Democratic primary (777,796).
• Lindsay's general election votes on the Liberal line alone (872,660) exceeded Procaccino's total votes on all lines (831,772).