| City of New YorkPolice Department | |
|---|---|
 Patch | |
 NYPD shield (officer) | |
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| Common name | New York City Police Department |
| Abbreviation | NYPD |
| Motto | Fidelis ad Mortem (Latin for 'Faithful Unto Death') |
| Agency overview | |
| Formed | May 23, 1845; 180 years ago (1845-05-23) |
| Employees | 50,676[1] |
| Annual budget | US$5.4 billion (2022)[2] |
| Jurisdictional structure | |
| Operations jurisdiction | New York City,New York, United States |
 | |
| Size | 468.484 sq mi (1,213.37 km2) |
| Population | 8,468,190 (2021)[3] |
| Legal jurisdiction | As per operations jurisdiction |
| General nature | |
| Operational structure | |
| Headquarters | One Police Plaza,Lower Manhattan |
| Sworn officers |  33,000 of 35,000-39,000 (2025)[4] |
| Civilian employees | Approximately 19,000 civilian employees[1] |
| Police Commissioner responsible | |
| Agency executives |
|
| Units | List of units
|
| Facilities | |
| Commands |
|
| Police vehicles | 9,624[6] |
| Police boats | 29[7] |
| Helicopters | 8 |
| Horses | 35[citation needed] |
| K-9 units | 34 |
| Website | |
| nyc nypdonline | |
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TheCity of New York Police Department, also referred to asNew York City Police Department (NYPD), is the primarylaw enforcement agency withinNew York City. Established on May 23, 1845, the NYPD is the largest, and one of the oldest, municipal police departments in the United States.[8]
The NYPD isheadquartered at1 Police Plaza, located onPark Row inLower Manhattan nearCity Hall. The NYPD's regulations are compiled in title 38 of theNew York City Rules. Dedicated units of the NYPD include theEmergency Service Unit,K-9,harbor patrol,highway patrol,air support,bomb squad,counterterrorism,criminal intelligence, anti-organized crime,narcotics,mounted patrol,public transportation, andpublic housing units.
The NYPD employs over 40,000 people, including more than 30,000 uniformed officers as of September 2023.[9][10] According to the officialCompStat database, the NYPD responded to nearly 500,000 reports of crime and made over 200,000 arrests during 2019.[11][12] In 2020, it had a budget ofUS$6 billion.[2] However, the NYPD's actual spending often exceeds its budget.[13]
The NYPD's history has been colored bypolice brutality, corruption, and misconduct, which critics argue persists till the present day.[14][15][16] Due to its high-profile location in New York City, thelargest city andmedia center in the U.S., fictionalized versions of the NYPD and its officers have frequently been portrayed innovels, radio, television, motion pictures, and video games.
The Municipal Police were established in 1845, replacing an oldnight watch system. MayorWilliam Havemeyer shepherded the NYPD together.[17] The NYPD appointed its firstBlack officer in 1911[18] and the first female officer in 1918.[19]
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DuringRichard Enright's tenure as commissioner, the country's firstShomrim Society, a fraternal organization ofJewish police officers, was founded in the NYPD in 1924. At the time, the NYPD had 700 Jewish officers on the force.[20]
In 1961, highly decorated NYPD officerMario Biaggi, later a US Congressman, became the first police officer inNew York State to be made a member of the National Police Officers Hall of Fame.[21][22][23] In the mid-1980s, the NYPD began to police street-level drug markets much more intensively, leading to a sharp increase in incarceration.[24]
In 1992, Mayor David Dinkins created an independent Civilian Complaint Review Board for the NYPD. In response to this, some NYPD officers violently protested[25][26] and rioted.[27] They blocked traffic on theBrooklyn Bridge, demonstrated at City Hall and shouted racial epithets.[25][27] The protests were sponsored by the NYPD union.[25]
In 1994, the NYPD developed theCompStat computer system for tracking crime geographically, which is now in use by other police departments in the United States and Canada.[28] Research is mixed on whether CompStat had an impact on crime rates.[29][30] Throughout the mid to late 1990s, several mergers took place which changed the landscape of policing in New York City. TheNew York City Transit Police and theNew York City Housing Authority Police Department merged into the NYPD in 1995, becoming the Transit Bureau and Housing Bureau respectively.[31] In 1996, theNew York City Department of Transportation's Traffic Operations Bureau was merged into the NYPD, becoming the Transportation Bureau. In 1998, theNew York City Department of Education'sSchool Safety Division became part of the NYPD's Community Affairs Bureau.
In 2021, the NYPD ceased enforcement ofmarijuana crimes other thandriving under the influence.[32]
In 2024, the NYPD changed its motto from "Courtesy, Professionalism, Respect" to "Fighting Crime, Protecting the Public".[33]
The department is administered and governed by thepolice commissioner, who is appointed by themayor. Technically, the Commissioner serves a five-year term; as a practical matter, they serve at the mayor's pleasure. The commissioner in turn appoints the first deputy commissioner, numerous deputy commissioners, and the Chief of Department (the most senior uniformed officer). By default, the commissioner and their subordinate deputies are civilians under an oath of office and are not sworn officers. However, a commissioner who comes up from the sworn ranks retains the status and statutory powers of a police officer while serving as commissioner. This affects their police pensions, and their ability to carry a firearm without a pistol permit. Some police commissioners carry a personal firearm but also have a full-time security detail. Commissioners and deputy commissioners are administrators who specialize in areas of great importance to the Department, such as counterterrorism, support services, public information, legal matters, intelligence, and information technology. However, as civilian administrators, deputy commissioners are prohibited from taking operational control of a police situation (the commissioner and the first deputy commissioner may take control of these situations, however). Within the rank structure, there are also designations, known as "grades", that connote differences in duties, experience, and pay. However, supervisory functions are generally reserved for the rank of sergeant and above.
TheChief of Department serves as the senior sworn member of the NYPD which before 1987 was known as the chief of operations and before that as chief inspector.[34] Michael LiPetri currently serves as interim Chief of Department.[35][36]
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The department is divided into 20 bureaus[37] which are typically commanded by a uniformed bureau chief (such as the chief of patrol and the chief of housing) or a civilian deputy commissioner (such as the Deputy Commissioner of Information Technology). The bureaus fit under four umbrellas: Patrol, Transit & Housing, Investigative, and Administrative. Bureaus are often subdivided into smaller divisions and units. All deputy commissioners report directly to the Commissioner and bureau chiefs report to the Commissioner through the Chief of Department.
| Bureau | Commanding officer | Description | Subdivisions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patrol Services Bureau | Chief of Patrol | The Patrol Services Bureau oversees most of the NYPD's uniformed patrol officers. This is the largest bureau. It is under the command of the Chief of Patrol.[38] | There are eight borough commands (Manhattan North & South, Brooklyn North & South, Queens North & South, Staten Island, and The Bronx), with each command headed by an assistant chief. These are further divided into 78police precincts, which are commanded by a captain, deputy inspector, or inspector; depending on size. |
| Special Operations Bureau | Chief of Special Operations | The Special Operations Bureau Manages NYPD responses to major events and incidents that require specifically trained and equipped personnel. It is under the command of the Chief of Special Operations.[39] | The Special Operations Bureau is responsible for theEmergency Service Unit,Aviation Unit, Harbor Unit,Mounted Unit,Strategic Response Group, Crisis Outreach and Support Unit. |
| Transit Bureau | Chief of Transit | The Transit Bureau Oversees NYPD transit officers in theNew York City Subway. It is under the command of the Chief of Transit.[40] | This Bureau is responsible for 12 transit districts, each located within or adjacent to the subway system, and overseen by three borough commands: Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Bronx/Queens. Specialized units within the Transit Bureau include Borough Task Forces, Anti-Terrorism Unit, Citywide Vandals Task Force, Canine Unit, Special Projects Unit, and MetroCard Fraud Task Force. |
| Housing Bureau | Chief of Housing | The Housing Bureau Oversees law enforcement within New York Citypublic housing. It is under the command of the Chief of Housing.[41] | There are nine police service areas, each covering a collection of housing developments. |
| Transportation Bureau | Chief of Transportation | The Transportation Bureau Manageshighway patrol andtraffic management in New York City. It is under the command of the Chief of Transportation.[42] | Traffic Management Center, Highway District, Traffic Operations District, Traffic Enforcement District |
| Counterterrorism Bureau | Deputy Chief of Counterterrorism | The Counterterrorism Bureau counters, investigates, analyzes, and preventsterrorism in New York City. It is under the command of the Deputy Chief of Counterterrorism, who is subordinate to the Deputy Commissioner of Intelligence & Counterterrorism.[43] | Critical Response Command, Counterterrorism Division, Terrorism Threat Analysis Group, Lower Manhattan Security Initiative, World Trade Center Command |
| Crime Control Strategies Bureau | Chief of Crime Control Strategies | The Crime Control Strategies Bureau oversees the analysis and monitoring of trends across New York City, develops strategies targeted to reduce crime, and applies strategies to the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Crime Control Strategies | CompStat Unit, Crime Analysis Unit |
| Detective Bureau | Chief of Detectives | The Detectives Bureau oversees NYPDdetectives. The Detectives are in charge of preventing, detecting, and investigating crime in New York City. It is under the command of the Chief of Detectives. | Borough Investigative Commands, Special Victims Division, Forensic Investigations Division, Special Investigations Division, Criminal Enterprise Division, Fugitive Enforcement Division, Real Time Crime Center, District Attorneys Squad, Grand Larceny Division, Gun Violence Suppression Division, Vice Enforcement Division |
| Intelligence Bureau | Assistant Chief of Intelligence | The Intelligence Bureau oversees the collection and analysis of data to detect and disrupt criminal and terrorist activity in New York City. It is under the command of the Assistant Chief of Intelligence, who is subordinate to the Deputy Commissioner of Intelligence & Counterterrorism.[44] | Intelligence Operations and Analysis Section, Criminal Intelligence Section |
| Internal Affairs Bureau | Chief of Internal Affairs | The Internal Affairs Bureau investigatespolice misconduct within the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Internal Affairs. | N/A |
| Employee Relations | Deputy Commissioner of Employee Relations | Employee Relations oversees the fraternal, religious, and line organizations of the NYPD, as well as ceremonial customs. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Employee Relations. | Employee Relations Section, Chaplains Unit, Ceremonial Unit, Sports Unit |
| Operations | Deputy Commissioner of Operations | The Operations Bureau oversees the Operations Division and the NYPD Joint Operations Center which monitors all police-related incidents citywide. They coordinate combined-operations with various City, State, and Federal agencies to during large-scale or catastrophic events. They plan exercises with inter-agency partners to assess responses to potential threats like terror attacks, active shooter situations, and natural disasters. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Operations.[45] | Operations Division, NYPD Joint Operations Center |
| Community Affairs Bureau | Deputy Commissioner of Community Affairs | The Community Affairs Bureau works with community leaders, civic organizations, block associations, and the public to educate on police policies and practices; it is also responsible for NYPD officers in schools and investigatesjuvenile delinquency. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Community Affairs. | Community Outreach Division, Crime Prevention Division, Juvenile Justice Division,School Safety Division |
| Information Technology Bureau | Chief of Information Technology | The Information Technology Bureau oversees the maintenance, research, development, and implementation of technology to support strategies, programs, and procedures within the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Information Technology. | Administration, Fiscal Affairs, Strategic Technology, IT Services Division, Life-Safety Systems, Communications Division |
| Legal Matters | Deputy Commissioner of Legal Matters | The Legal Matters Bureau assists NYPD personnel regarding department legal matters; controversially, it has a memorandum of understanding with theManhattan District Attorney to selectively prosecuteNew York City Criminal Court summons and court cases. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Legal Matters. | Civil Enforcement Unit, Criminal Section, Civil Section, Legislative Affairs Unit, Document Production/FOIL, Police Action Litigation Section |
| Personnel | Chief of Personnel | The Personnel Bureau oversees the recruitment and selection of personnel, as well as managing the human resource functions of the NYPD. It is under the command of the Chief of Personnel.[46] | Candidate Assessment Division, Career Enhancement Division, Employee Management Division, Personnel Orders Section, Staff Services Section |
| Public Information | Deputy Commissioner of Public Information | Public Information works with media organizations to provide information to the public. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Public Information.[47] | Digital Communications Section, Public Information Section |
| Professional Standards | Chief of Professional Standards | Professional Standards oversees the performance of police officers and identifies officers who may require enhanced training or supervision. It is under the command of the Chief of Professional Standards. | Enterprise Risk Management Section, Enterprise Risk Management Civilian Complaint Stat Unit, Enterprise Risk Management Early Intervention Unit |
| Strategic Initiatives | Deputy Commissioner of Strategic Initiatives | Strategic Initiatives oversees data analysis, department policies, strategic development and the publishing of the department manual which is composed of the Patrol, Administrative, Organization, and Detective Guides. It is under the command of the Deputy Commissioner of Strategic Initiatives.[48] | Office of Management Analysis and Planning (OMAP), Management Orders and Directives Section (MODS), Management Analysis Section (MAS), Office of Research and Evaluation (ORE), Project Management Office (PMO)[48] |
| Training | Chief of Training | The Training Bureau oversees the training of recruits, officers, staff, and civilians. It is under the command of the Chief of Training. | Recruit Training Section, Physical Training and Tactics Department, Tactical Training Unit, Firearms and Tactics Section, COBRA Training, In-Service Tactical Training Unit, Driver Education and Training Unit, Computer Training Unit, Civilian Training Program, School Safety Training Unit, Instructor Development Unit, Criminal Investigation Course, Leadership Development Section, Citizens Police Academy |
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Officers graduate from the Police Academy after 26 weeks (or sometimes more) of training in various academic, physical, and tactical fields. For the first 18 months of their careers, they are designated as "Probationary Police Officers", or more informally, "rookies". There are three career "tracks" in the NYPD: supervisory, investigative, and specialist. The supervisory track consists of nine ranks; promotion to the ranks ofsergeant,lieutenant, andcaptain are made via competitivecivil service examinations. After reaching the rank of captain, promotion to the ranks of deputy inspector, inspector, deputy chief, assistant chief, (bureau) chief, and chief of department is always at the discretion of the NYPD commissioner. Promotion from the rank of police officer todetective is discretionary by the police commissioner or required by law when the officer has performed outstanding investigative duty for eighteen months or more.
Badges in the New York City Police Department are referred to as "shields" (the traditional term), though not all badge designs are strictlyshield-shaped. Some officers have used "Pottsy" badges, "dupes", or duplicate badges, as officers are punished for losing their shield by also losing up to ten days' pay.[49]
Every rank has a different badge design (except "police officer" and "probationary police officer") and, upon change in rank, officers receive a new badge. Lower-ranked police officers are identified by their shield numbers, and tax registry numbers. Lieutenants and above do not have shield numbers and are identified by tax registry numbers. All sworn members of the NYPD have their ID card photos taken against a red background. Civilian employees of the NYPD have their ID card photos taken against a blue background, signifying that they are not commissioned to carry a firearm. All ID cards have an expiration date. Although the First Deputy Commissioner and Chief of Department share the same insignia (four stars), the First Deputy Commissioner outranks the Chief of Department. The Deputy Commissioners, Bureau Chiefs/Bureau Chief Chaplains and Chief Surgeon have three stars.
| Rank | Insignia | Badge design | Badge color | Badge number | Uniform |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Police Commissioner |  |  | Gold, with silver star(s) | No | No uniform |
| First Deputy Commissioner |  | ||||
| Chief of Department | | White shirt, dark bluepeaked cap, velvet cap band, | |||
| Deputy Commissioner (has no operational command; however, has a rank equivalent to a bureau chief) |  | ||||
| Bureau Chief & Bureau ChiefChaplain † | | ||||
| Assistant Chief & Assistant Chief Chaplain † |  | ||||
| Deputy Chief & Deputy Chief Chaplain † |  |  | |||
| Inspector & Chaplain † |  |  | Gold | White shirt, dark bluepeaked cap, velvet cap band, | |
| Deputy Inspector |  |  | |||
| Captain |  |  | White shirt, peaked cap, striped black cap band, | ||
| Lieutenant |  |  | |||
| Sergeant |  |  | Yes | Navy blue shirt, peaked cap, gold hat badge | |
| Detective | None |  | |||
| Officer | | Silver | Yes, matching hat badge | Navy blue shirt, peaked cap, silver hat badge with matching number | |
| Probationary Officer ("rookie") | |||||
| Recruit | Yes | Slate grey, blackgarrison cap | |||
| Cadet | None | ||||
^ †: Rank that has no police powers
As of October 2023, the NYPD's current authorized uniformed strength is 33,536.[50] There are also 19,454 civilian employees, including approximately 3,500 traffic enforcement agents, 4,500auxiliary police officers, and 5,500school safety agents, are presently employed by the department as well as being deployed on the streets. ThePolice Benevolent Association of the City of New York (NYC PBA), the largest municipalpolice union in the United States, represents over 50,000 active and retired police officers.
The entire police force in 2023: 47% are white and 53% are members of minority groups.[more detail needed]
Of 21,603 officers on patrol:
Of 5,164detectives:
Of 4,376sergeants:
Of 1,635lieutenants:
Of 360captains:
Of 101police chiefs:
As a rule, NYPD officers can reside in New York City as well asWestchester,Rockland,Orange,Putnam,Suffolk andNassau counties and approximately half of them live outside the city (51% in 2020, up from 42% in 2016).[51][52]
On January 1, 2022,Keechant Sewell became the first woman to serve as the NYPDCommissioner.[53] Juanita N. Holmes, appointed Chief of the Patrol Bureau in 2020, was the first black woman to hold this command and at the time of her appointment, was the highest-ranked uniformed woman in the NYPD.[54] On June 12, 2023, Sewell announced that she was stepping down as commissioner. No reason was given for her departure.
On November 25, 2024, MayorEric Adams appointedJessica Tisch as the NYPDCommissioner. She is the second woman to serve in the job.
The NYPD has lost 932 officers in the line of duty since 1849. This figure includes officers from agencies that were later absorbed by or became a part of the modern NYPD, in addition to the NYPD itself. This number also includes 28 officers killed on and off duty by gunfire of other officers on duty. Gunfire from adversaries has resulted in the deaths of 286 officers.[55] The NYPD lost 23 officers in theSeptember 11, 2001 attacks, not including another 247 who later died of 9/11-related illnesses.[56] The NYPD has more line-of-duty deaths than any other American law enforcement agency.[55]
The NYPD has a broad array of specialized services, including theEmergency Service Unit,K9,harbor patrol,air support,bomb squad,counter-terrorism,criminal intelligence, anti-gang, anti-organized crime,narcotics,public transportation, andpublic housing units. The NYPD Intelligence Division & Counter-Terrorism Bureau has officers stationed in eleven cities internationally.[57][58]
In 2019 the NYPD responded to 482,337 reports of crime and made 214,617 arrests.[11] There were 95,606 majorfelonies reported in 2019, compared to over half a million per year whencrime in New York City peaked during thecrack epidemic of the 1980s and 1990s.[59]
| Crime | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2019 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murder | 2,262 | 673 | 536 | 319 |
| Rape | 3,126 | 2,068 | 1,373 | 1,755[a] |
| Robbery | 100,280 | 32,562 | 19,486 | 13,371 |
| Assault | 44,122 | 25,924 | 16,956 | 20,696 |
| Burglary | 122,055 | 38,352 | 18,600 | 10,783 |
| Larceny | 108,487 | 49,631 | 37,835 | 43,250 |
| Auto theft | 146,925 | 35,442 | 10,329 | 5,430 |
| Total | 527,257 | 184,652 | 105,115 | 95,606 |
TheQuinnipiac University Polling Institute has been regularly measuring public opinion of the NYPD since 1997 when just under 50% of the public approved of the job the NYPD was doing. Approval peaked at 78% in 2002 following theWorld Trade Center terroristattacks in September 2001, and has ranged between 52 and 72% since.[61] Approval varies by race/ethnicity, with black and Hispanic respondents consistently less likely to say they approve of the job the NYPD is doing than whites.[61]
In 2017, the Quinnipiac poll found that New York City voters approve of the way NYPD, in general, does its job by a margin of 67–25%. Approval was 79–15 percent among white voters, 52–37 percent among black voters, and 73–24 percent among Hispanic voters. 86% of voters said crime is a serious problem, 71% said police brutality is a serious problem and 61% said police corruption is a serious problem.[62]
A 2020 poll commissioned byManhattan Institute for Policy Research reported that the public approved of the NYPD 53% to 40% against, again with strong racial differences: 59% of whites and Asians approved, as did 51% of Hispanics, whereas 51% of black residents disapproved.[63]
The NYPD has a long history ofpolice brutality,corruption, andmisconduct as well as discrimination based on gender, race, and religion.[15][64][65][66][14][67] Critics, including from within the NYPD, have accused the NYPD of manipulating crime statistics.[68][69] In 2009, NYPD officerAdrian Schoolcraft was arrested, abducted by his fellow officers and involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric hospital after he provided evidence of manipulation of crime statistics (intentional under reporting of crimes) and intentional wrongful arrests (to meet arrest quotas). He filed a federal suit against the department, which the city settled before trial in 2015, also giving him back pay for the period when he was suspended.[70][71]
TheKnapp Commission found in 1970 that the NYPD had systematic corruption problems.[72] TheCivilian Complaint Review Board is a civilian-led 13-member panel tasked with investigating misconduct or lesser abuse accusations against NYPD officers, including abuse of authority, discourtesy, excessive use-of-force, and offensive language. Complaints against officers may be filed online, by mail, by phone, or in person at any NYPD station.[73] On June 8, 2020, both houses of the New York state assembly passed theEric Garner Anti-Chokehold Act, which provides that any police officer in the state of New York who injures or kills somebody through the use of "a chokehold or similar restraint" can be charged with a class C felony, punishable by up to 15 years in prison.[74] New York GovernorAndrew Cuomo signed the police reforms into law on June 12, 2020, which he described as "long overdue".[75][74]
In 2020, during the early part of theCOVID-19 pandemic, many NYPD officers refused to wear face masks while policing protests related to racial injustice, contrary to the recommendations of health experts and authorities.[76] During theGeorge Floyd protests,The New York Times reported that more than 60 videos showed NYPD police attacking protesters, many of whom were attacked without cause.[77] Included in these attacks were the 'kettling' of protesters,[78] an officer removing the mask of a protester and pepper spraying him,[79] and an incident where police vehicles were driven into a crowd.[80] An investigation by New York City's Department of Investigation concluded that the NYPD had exercised excessive force during the George Floyd protests.[81]
In 2024, the NYPD tossed out more than 400 civilian complaints about police misconduct without reviewing the evidence. All of the cases had been investigated by the Civilian Complaint Review Board.[82] In March, NYPD commissionerEdward Caban said that the force had exceeded its overtime budget by $100 million, spending $2.5 million a week on overtime alone amid political demonstrations throughout the city and increased deployments in the subway system.[83] Police overtime spending went from $4 million in 2022 to $155 million in 2023.[84] In September, the NYPD was also accused of extorting a Brooklyn bar owner. The owner said that associate director Ray Martin of the mayor's Office of Entertainment and Nightlife told him that he could pay Commissioner Caban's brother for better treatment from police.[85] Caban resigned his commission shortly after, following a federal investigation into the NYPD's nightclub enforcement.[86] Three days before resigning, Caban watered down the NYPD's misconduct rules, reducing penalties for officers "guilty of abusing authority, using offensive language, failing to take a civilian complaint, and conducting an unlawful search."[87] The NYPD has been persistently criticized bysafe streets community advocates for endangering cyclists by parking their vehicles in bike lanes,[88][89][90] and for misapplying the law when ticketing cyclists riding outside blocked bike lanes.[91] According to a 2021FiveThirtyEight analysis, New York City spent at least an average of US$170 million annually in settlements related to police misconduct over ten years.[92]
Between 2023 and 2024, Lieutenant Thomas Fabrizi stole $64,000 in overtime compensation for shifts he spent at home and working for McCann Protective Services, a security contractor.[93]In December 2024, the Chief of Internal Affairs, Miguel Iglesias, was forced out amid criticism of his handling ofsexual abuse allegations against former ChiefJeffrey Maddrey, prompting a leadership shake-up and a department-wide personnel review.[94]
In the 1990s the department developed aCompStat system of management which has also since been established in other cities. The NYPD has extensivecrime scene investigation and laboratory resources, as well as units that assist withcomputer crime investigations. In 2005, the NYPD established a "Real Time Crime Center" to assist in investigations;[95] This is essentially a searchable database that pulls information from departmental records, including traffic tickets, court summonses, and previous complaints to reports,[96] as well as arrest reports.[95] The database contains files to identify individuals based on tattoos, body marks, teeth, and skin conditions, based on police records.[95]
NYPD also maintains theDomain Awareness System, a network that provides information and analytics to police, drawn from a variety of sources, including a network of 9,000 publicly and privately ownedlicense plate readers,surveillance cameras,shotspotter data, NYPD databases, radiation, and chemical sensors.[97] The Domain Awareness System of surveillance was developed as part ofLower Manhattan Security Initiative in a partnership between the NYPD andMicrosoft.[98] It allows the NYPD to track surveillance targets and gain detailed information about them. It also has access to data from at least 2 billion license plate readings, 100 million summonses, 54 million 911 calls, 15 million complaints, 12 million detective reports, 11 million arrests, and 2 million warrants. The 9,000 CCTV cameras consist of data text records that will be kept for 30 days. The system is connected to 9,000 video cameras across New York City.[99]
In 2020, the NYPD deployed a robotic dog, known as Digidog, manufactured byBoston Dynamics.[100] The robotic dog has cameras which send back real-time footage along with lights and two-way communication, and it is able to navigate on its own using artificial intelligence.[101][102][103][104] Reaction by locals to Digidog was mixed.[105] Deployment of Digidog led to condemnation from the Surveillance Technology Oversight Project and theAmerican Civil Liberties Union due to privacy concerns.[104][105] In response to its deployment, a city council member has proposed a law banning armed robots; this would not apply to Digidog as Digidog is not armed and Boston Dynamics prohibits arming its robots.[105] On April 24, 2021, U.S. RepresentativeRitchie Torres proposed new federal legislation requiring police departments receiving federal funds to report use of surveillance technology to theDepartment of Homeland Security and Congress.[104] The NYPD states that the robot is meant for hostage, terrorism, bomb threat, and hazardous material situations, and that it was properly disclosed to the public under current law.[104] Following continued pushback against Digidog, including opposition to the system's $94,000 price tag, the NYPD announced on April 28, 2021, that its lease would be terminated.[106] In April 2023, MayorEric Adams announced the revival of the Digidog program in a reversal of his predecessorBill de Blasio, saying "Digidog is out of the pound." Two robots were purchased at that time for a total of $750,000 using funds fromasset forfeiture.[107]
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New NYPD officers are allowed to choose from one of two9mmservice pistols: theGlock 17 Gen4 andGlock 19 Gen4.[108] All duty handguns were previously modified to a 12-pound (53N) NY-2 trigger pull, though recruits were being issued handguns with a lighter trigger pull as of 2021.[109]
TheSmith & Wesson 5946 semi-automatic 9mm with a double action only (DAO) trigger, was issued to recruits in the past;[110] however, the pistol has been discontinued.[111] While it is no longer an option for new hires, officers who were issued the weapon may continue to use it. Shotgun-certified officers were authorized to carryIthaca 37 shotguns, which are being phased out in favor of the newerMossberg 590. Officers and detectives belonging to the NYPD'sEmergency Service Unit, Counter-terrorism Bureau andStrategic Response Group are armed with a range of select-fire weapons and long guns, such as the ColtM4A1 carbine and similar-pattern ColtAR-15 rifles,Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun, and theRemington Model 700 bolt-action rifle.[112] NYPD ESU Officers also use the Ruger Mini 14 556 rifle.
From 1926 until 1986, the standardsidearms of the department were theSmith & Wesson Model 10 and theColt Official Police.38 Special revolvers with four-inch barrels. Female officers had the option to choose to carry a three-inch barrel revolver instead of the normal four-inch model due to its lighter weight. Before 1994, the standard sidearm of the NYPD was theSmith & Wesson Model 64 DAO, a .38 Special revolver with a three- or four-inch barrel, and theRuger Police Service-Six with a four-inch barrel. This type of revolver was called the Model NY-1 by the department. After the switch in 1994 to semi-automatic pistols, officers who privately purchasedrevolvers before January 1, 1994, were allowed to use them for duty use until August 31, 2018. They weregrandfathered in as approved off-duty guns.[108] Before the issuing of the 9mm semi-automatic pistol NYPD detectives and plainclothes officers often carried theColt Detective Special and/or theSmith & Wesson Model 36 "Chief's Special" .38 Special caliber snub-nosed (two-inch) barrel revolvers for their ease of concealment while dressed in civilian clothes. TheKahr K9 9mm pistol was an approved off-duty/backup weapon from 1998 to 2011. It was pulled from service because it could not be modified to a 12-pound trigger pull.
The NYPD is affiliated with theNew York City Police Foundation and theNew York City Police Museum. It also runs a Youth Police academy to provide a positive interaction with police officers and to educate young people about the challenges and responsibilities of police work. The NYPD additionally sponsors a Law Enforcement Explorer Program throughScouting America (formerly the Boy Scouts of America).[113] The department also operates the Citizens Police Academy, which educates the public on basic law and policing procedures.
The NYPD has blown past annual budgets every year for at least two decades, almost entirely due to overtime costs.
[S]ome officers don't wear their badges on patrol...Instead, they wear fakes...[c]alled 'dupes,' these phony badges are often just a trifle smaller than real ones but otherwise completely authentic. Officers use them because losing a real badge can mean paperwork and a heavy penalty, as much as 10 days' pay...Though fake badges violate department policy, they are a quirk deeply embedded in the culture and history of the New York Police Department. Estimates of how many of the city's 35,000 officers use fake badges vary from several thousand to several hundred[,] roughly 25 officers are disciplined each year for using them...'lots of people have dupe shields,' said Eric Sanders, a lawyer and former police officer who now represents officers in disciplinary actions...Years ago...officers referred to a fake badge as a Pottsy, after theJay Irving comic strip about a New York City police officer. They later took on the name dupes, for duplicates.
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