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New York's 19th congressional district

Coordinates:42°13′40″N74°25′32″W / 42.22778°N 74.42556°W /42.22778; -74.42556
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
U.S. House district for New York
"NY-19" redirects here. The term may also refer toNew York State Route 19.

New York's 19th congressional district
Map
Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2025
Representative
Distribution
  • 36.51% urban
Population (2024)776,282
Median household
income
$73,323[2]
Ethnicity
Cook PVID+1[3]

New York's 19th congressional district is acongressional district for theUnited States House of Representatives located inNew York’sCatskills,Hudson Valley, greaterCapital District,Southern Tier, andFinger Lakes regions. It lies partially in the northernmost region of theNew York metropolitan area and mostly south ofAlbany. This district is represented byDemocratJosh Riley.

Various New York districts have been numbered "19" over the years, including areas in New York City and various parts of upstate New York. The 19th District was a Manhattan-based district until 1980. It then was the Bronx-Westchester seat now numbered the 17th District. The present 19th District was the 21st District before the 1990s, and before that was the 25th District.

The 2020 redistricting saw the district expand to include the entirety ofBroome,Tioga,Tompkins,Chenango,Delaware,Greene,Sullivan, andColumbia Counties, while partially includingUlster andOtsego Counties.[4]

Recent election results from statewide races

[edit]
YearOfficeResults[5]
2008PresidentObama 54% - 44%
2012PresidentObama 55% - 45%
2016PresidentTrump 48% - 46%
SenateSchumer 61% - 36%
2018SenateGillibrand 58% - 42%
GovernorMolinaro 50% - 44%
Attorney GeneralJames 51% - 46%
2020PresidentBiden 51% - 47%
2022SenateSchumer 50% - 49%
GovernorZeldin 53% - 46%
Attorney GeneralHenry 52% - 48%
ComptrollerDiNapoli 52% - 48%
2024PresidentHarris 50% - 49%
SenateGillibrand 54% - 45%

History

[edit]
1873–1875
Montgomery
1913–1983
Parts ofManhattan
1983–1993
Parts ofBronx,Westchester
1993–2003

2003–2013

[edit]
The district from 2003 to 2013

From 2003 to 2013, the 19th was composed of parts ofDutchess,Orange,Rockland, andWestchester Counties, in addition to the entirety ofPutnam County. Much of this district is now the18th district, while the current 19th is essentially a merger of the former20th district and22nd district.

2013–2023

[edit]
The district from 2013 to 2023

After redistricting in 2012, the 19th district comprised all ofColumbia,Delaware,Greene,Otsego,Schoharie,Sullivan, andUlster Counties; and parts ofBroome,Dutchess,Montgomery, andRensselaer Counties. The district bordersVermont,Massachusetts, andConnecticut to the east; andPennsylvania to the southwest. DemocraticPresidentBarack Obama won the new district by 6.2% in2012, while RepublicanDonald Trump won the district by 6.8% in2016.

Incumbent RepresentativeNan Hayworth opted to follow most of her constituents into the new 18th district in 2012, but she was defeated by DemocratSean Patrick Maloney, a former advisor to PresidentBill Clinton.[6] Most of the 2003-13 19th district became part of the 2013-23 18th district.[7] Meanwhile, incumbent 20th district representativeChris Gibson ran for re-election in the new 19th district and won. On January 5, 2015, per his pledge when elected not to serve more than 4 terms, Gibson announced that he would not run for re-election in 2016.[8]

In 2016, DemocratZephyr Teachout was defeated by RepublicanJohn Faso in the election.[9] In 2018, Faso was defeated after only 1 term by DemocratAntonio Delgado. In 2022, Delgado resigned to becomeLieutenant Governor, leaving the seat vacant. Democrat Pat Ryan won thespecial election to complete Delgado's term on August 23, 2022.[10]

This iteration of the district was a presidential bellwether for the duration of its existence, having voted for the winner in each election from2012 to2020.[11]

2023–present

[edit]

Ryan ran in the18th district in the November 2022 general election due to redistricting, while Democrat Josh Riley, who ran in theDemocratic primary, lost to RepublicanMarc Molinaro in the 19th district.[12] In the November 2024 general election, Josh Riley defeated current representative Marc Molinaro.[13] Molinaro refused to concede until the last ballots were counted, despite the AP's conclusion that he had no path to victory.[14]

Counties, towns, and municipalities

[edit]

For the119th and successive Congresses (based on the districts drawn following the New York Court of Appeals' December 2023 decision inHoffman v New York State Ind. Redistricting. Commn.), the district contains all or portions of the following counties, towns, and municipalities.[15][16]

Broome County(23)

All 23 towns and municipalities

Chenango County(29)

All 29 towns and municipalities

Columbia County(23)

All 23 towns and municipalities

Cortland County(10)

Cincinnatus,Freetown,Harford,Lapeer,Marathon (town),Marathon (village),Solon,Taylor,Virgil,Willet

Delaware County(28)

All 28 towns and municipalities

Greene County(19)

All 19 towns and municipalities

Otsego County(34)

All 34 towns and municipalities

Rensselaer County(13)

Berlin,Brunswick (part; also20th),Castleton-on-Hudson,East Greenbush,East Nassau,Grafton,Nassau (town),Nassau (village),Petersburgh,Poestenkill,Sand Lake,Schodack,Stephentown

Sullivan County(21)

All 21 towns and municipalities

Tompkins County(16)

All 16 towns and municipalities

Ulster County(12)

Denning,Ellenville,Gardiner (part; also18th),Hardenburgh,Hurley,Marbletown,Olive,Rochester,Rosendale,Shandaken,Shawangunk,Wawarsing

List of members representing the district

[edit]
RepresentativePartyYearsCong-
ress
Electoral historyDistrict location
District established March 4, 1813

James Geddes
(Onondaga)
FederalistMarch 4, 1813 –
March 3, 1815
13thElected in 1812.
Lost re-election.

Victory Birdseye
(Pompey)
Democratic-
Republican
March 4, 1815 –
March 3, 1817
14thRe-elected in 1814.
[data missing]
James Porter
(Skaneateles)
Democratic-
Republican
March 4, 1817 –
March 3, 1819
15thElected in 1816.
[data missing]
George Hall
(Onondaga)
Democratic-
Republican
March 4, 1819 –
March 3, 1821
16thElected in 1818.
Lost re-election.
VacantMarch 4, 1821 –
December 3, 1821
17thElections were held in April 1821. It is unclear when results were announced or credentials issued.

Elisha Litchfield
(Delphi Falls)
Democratic-
Republican
December 3, 1821 –
March 3, 1823
Elected in 1821.
Redistricted to the23rd district.
John Richards
(Johnsburg)
Crawford DRMarch 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825
18thElected in 1822.
[data missing]
Henry H. Ross
(Essex)
Anti-JacksonianMarch 4, 1825 –
March 3, 1827
19thElected in 1824.
[data missing]
Richard Keese
(Keeseville)
JacksonianMarch 4, 1827 –
March 3, 1829
20thElected in 1826.
[data missing]
Isaac Finch
(Jay)
Anti-JacksonianMarch 4, 1829 –
March 3, 1831
21stElected in 1828.
[data missing]
William Hogan
(Hogansburg)
JacksonianMarch 4, 1831 –
March 3, 1833
22ndElected in 1830.
[data missing]
Sherman Page
(Unadilla)
JacksonianMarch 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1837
23rd
24th
Elected in 1832.
Re-elected in 1834.
[data missing]

John H. Prentiss
(Cooperstown)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1841
25th
26th
Elected in 1836.
Re-elected in 1838.
[data missing]
Samuel S. Bowne
(Cooperstown)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1841 –
March 3, 1843
27thElected in 1840.
[data missing]

Orville Hungerford
(Waterford)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1847
28th
29th
Elected in 1842.
Re-elected in 1844.
[data missing]

Joseph Mullin
(Watertown)
WhigMarch 4, 1847 –
March 3, 1849
30thElected in 1846.
[data missing]
Charles E. Clarke
(Great Bend)
WhigMarch 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1851
31stElected in 1848.
[data missing]

Willard Ives
(Watertown)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1851 –
March 3, 1853
32ndElected in 1850.
[data missing]
George W. Chase
(Schenevus)
WhigMarch 4, 1853 –
March 3, 1855
33rdElected in 1852.
[data missing]
Jonas A. Hughston
(Delhi)
OppositionMarch 4, 1855 –
March 3, 1857
34thElected in 1854.
[data missing]

Oliver A. Morse
(Cherry Valley)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1857 –
March 3, 1859
35thElected in 1856.
[data missing]

James H. Graham
(Delhi)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1859 –
March 3, 1861
36thElected in 1858.
[data missing]

Richard Franchot
(Schenectady)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1861 –
March 3, 1863
37thElected in 1860.
[data missing]

Samuel F. Miller
(Franklin)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1863 –
March 3, 1865
38thElected in 1862.
[data missing]
Demas Hubbard Jr.
(Smyrna)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1865 –
March 3, 1867
39thElected in 1864.
[data missing]

William C. Fields
(Laurens)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1867 –
March 3, 1869
40thElected in 1866.
[data missing]

Charles Knapp
(Deposit)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1869 –
March 3, 1871
41stElected in 1868.
[data missing]

Elizur H. Prindle
(Norwich)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873
42ndElected in 1870.
[data missing]

Henry H. Hathorn
(Saratoga Springs)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1875
43rdElected in 1872.
Redistricted to the20th district.

William A. Wheeler
(Malone)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1875 –
March 3, 1877
44thRedistricted from the18th district andre-elected in 1874.
[data missing]

Amaziah B. James
(Ogdensburg)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1877 –
March 3, 1881
45th
46th
Elected in 1876.
Re-elected in 1878.
[data missing]

Abraham X. Parker
(Potsdam)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1885
47th
48th
Elected in 1880.
Re-elected in 1882.
Redistricted to the22nd district.

John Swinburne
(Albany)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1887
49thElected in 1884.
[data missing]
Nicholas T. Kane
(Albany)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1887 –
September 14, 1887
50thElected in 1886.
Died.
VacantSeptember 14, 1887 –
November 8, 1887

Charles Tracey
(Albany)
DemocraticNovember 8, 1887 –
March 3, 1893
50th
51st
52nd
Elected to finish Kane's term.
Re-elected in 1888.
Re-elected in 1890.
Redistricted to the20th district.

Charles D. Haines
(Kinderhook)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1893 –
March 3, 1895
53rdElected in 1892.
[data missing]

Frank S. Black
(Troy)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1895 –
January 7, 1897
54thElected in 1894.
Resigned after being electedGovernor of New York
VacantJanuary 7, 1897 –
March 3, 1897

Aaron Van Schaick Cochrane
(Hudson)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1897 –
March 3, 1901
55th
56th
Elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
[data missing]

William H. Draper
(Troy)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1901 –
March 3, 1903
57thElected in 1900.
Redistricted to the22nd district.

Norton P. Otis
(Yonkers)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1903 –
February 20, 1905
58thElected in 1902.
Died.
VacantFebruary 20, 1905 –
March 3, 1905

John E. Andrus
(Yonkers)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1905 –
March 3, 1913
59th
60th
61st
62nd
Elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
[data missing]

Walter M. Chandler
(New York)
ProgressiveMarch 4, 1913 –
March 3, 1917
63rd
64th
65th
Elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916
[data missing]
RepublicanMarch 4, 1917 –
March 3, 1919

Joseph Rowan
(New York)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1919 –
March 3, 1921
66thElected in 1918.
Lost re-election.

Walter M. Chandler
(New York)
RepublicanMarch 4, 1921 –
March 3, 1923
67thElected in 1920.
Lost re-election.

Sol Bloom
(New York)
DemocraticMarch 4, 1923[17]
January 3, 1945
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd
73rd
74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
Elected to fill the term when Representative-electSamuel Marx died.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Re-elected in 1932.
Re-elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Redistricted to the20th district.

Samuel Dickstein
(New York)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1945 –
December 30, 1945
79thRedistricted from the12th district andre-elected in 1944.
Resigned to become justice of theNew York Supreme Court.
VacantDecember 31, 1945 –
February 18, 1946

Arthur G. Klein
(New York)
DemocraticFebruary 19, 1946 –
December 31, 1956
79th
80th
81st
82nd
83rd
84th
Elected to finish Dickstein's term.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Resigned to become justice onNew York Supreme Court.
VacantJanuary 1, 1957 –
January 2, 1957
84th

Leonard Farbstein
(New York)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1957 –
January 3, 1971
85th
86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
Elected in 1956.
Re-elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Lost renomination.

Bella Abzug
(New York)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1971 –
January 3, 1973
92ndElected in 1970.
Redistricted to the20th district.

Charles Rangel
(New York)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1973 –
January 3, 1983
93rd
94th
95th
96th
97th
Redistricted from the18th district andre-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Re-elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Redistricted to the16th district.

Mario Biaggi
(The Bronx)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1983 –
August 5, 1988
98th
99th
100th
Redistricted from the10th district andre-elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Resigned.
VacantAugust 6, 1988 –
January 2, 1989
100th

Eliot Engel
(The Bronx)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 1989 –
January 3, 1993
101st
102nd
Elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Redistricted to the17th district.

Hamilton Fish IV
(Millbrook)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 1993 –
January 3, 1995
103rdRedistricted from the21st district andre-elected in 1992.
Retired.

Sue W. Kelly
(Katonah)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 1995 –
January 3, 2007
104th
105th
106th
107th
108th
109th
Elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Re-elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Lost re-election.
2003–2013

John Hall
(Dover Plains)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 2007 –
January 3, 2011
110th
111th
Elected in 2006.
Re-elected in 2008.
Lost re-election.

Nan Hayworth
(Bedford Corners)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 2011 –
January 3, 2013
112thElected in 2010.
Redistricted to the18th district and lost re-election there.

Chris Gibson
(Kinderhook)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 2013 –
January 3, 2017
113th
114th
Redistricted from the20th district andre-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Retired.
2013–2023

John Faso
(Kinderhook)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 2017 –
January 3, 2019
115thElected in 2016.
Lost re-election.

Antonio Delgado
(Rhinebeck)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 2019 –
May 25, 2022
116th
117th
Elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Resigned to becomeLieutenant Governor of New York.
VacantMay 25, 2022 –
September 13, 2022
117th

Pat Ryan
(Gardiner)
DemocraticSeptember 13, 2022 –
January 3, 2023
Elected to finish Delgado's term.
Redistricted to the18th district.

Marc Molinaro
(Catskill)
RepublicanJanuary 3, 2023 –
January 3, 2025
118thElected in 2022.
Lost re-election.
2023–2025

Josh Riley
(Ithaca)
DemocraticJanuary 3, 2025 –
present
119thElected in 2024.2025–present

Election results

[edit]

Note that in New York State electoral politics there are numerous minor parties at various points on the political spectrum. Certain parties will endorse either the Republican or Democratic candidate for every office, hence the state electoral results contain both the party votes, and the final candidate votes (Listed as "Recap").

U.S. House election, 1996: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)102,14246.3
DemocraticRichard S. Klein86,92639.4
ConservativeJoseph J. DioGuardi27,42412.4
IndependenceWilliam E. Haase4,1041.9
Majority15,2166.9
Turnout220,596
U.S. House election, 1998: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)104,46762.2+15.9
DemocraticDick Collins56,37833.6−5.8
Right to LifeJoseph J. DioGuardi5,9413.5+3.5
Freedom PartyCharles C. Williams1,0460.6+0.6
Majority48,08928.7+21.8
Turnout167,832−23.9
U.S. House election, 2000: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)145,53260.9−1.3
DemocraticLawrence Otis Graham85,87135.9+2.3
Right to LifeFrank X. Lloyd4,0861.7−1.8
GreenMark R. Jacobs3,6621.5+1.5
Majority59,66124.9−3.8
Turnout239,151+42.5
U.S. House election, 2002: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)121,12970.0+9.1
DemocraticJanine M. H. Selendy44,96726.0−9.9
Right to LifeChristine M. Tighe4,3742.5+0.8
GreenJonathan M. Wright2,6421.5−0.0
Majority76,16244.0+19.1
Turnout173,112−27.6
U.S. House election, 2004: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)175,40166.7−3.3
DemocraticMichael Jaliman87,42933.3+7.3
Majority87,97233.5−10.5
Turnout262,830+51.8
U.S. House election, 2006: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticJohn Hall100,11951.2+17.9
RepublicanSue W. Kelly (incumbent)95,35948.8−17.9
Majority4,7602.4−31.1
Turnout195,478−25.6
U.S. House election, 2008: New York District 19[18]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticJohn Hall (incumbent)164,85958.7+7.5
RepublicanKieran Lalor116,12041.3−7.5
Majority48,73917.314.9
Turnout280,97943.7
U.S. House election, 2010:[19] New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanNan Hayworth109,95652.5+11.2
DemocraticJohn Hall (incumbent)98,76647.5−11.2
Majority11,1905.3−12
Turnout209,285−25.5
U.S. House election, 2012:[20] New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanChris Gibson149,76352.9+0.4
DemocraticJulian Schreibman133,56747.1−0.4
Majority16,1965.70.4
Turnout283,30335.4
U.S. House election, 2014:[21] New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanChris Gibson (incumbent)131,59462.6+9.7
DemocraticSean Eldridge72,47034.5−12.6
Majority59,12428.122.4
Turnout210,351−25.7
U.S. House election, 2016:[22] New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
RepublicanJohn Faso166,17154.1−8.5
DemocraticZephyr Teachout141,22445.9+11.4
Majority24,9476.1−20.0
Turnout307,39546.13
U.S. House election, 2018: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
DemocraticAntonio Delgado147,87351.4+5.5
RepublicanJohn Faso (incumbent)132,87346.1−8
Majority15,0005.3−0.8
Turnout287,894−6.3
U.S. House election, 2020: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticAntonio Delgado168,28148.0
Working FamiliesAntonio Delgado22,9696.6
SAMAntonio Delgado8500.2
TotalAntonio Delgado (incumbent)192,10054.8
RepublicanKyle Van De Water151,47543.2
LibertarianVictoria Alexander4,2241.2
GreenSteve Greenfield2,7990.8
Total votes350,598100.0
Democratichold
U.S. House special election, 2022: New York District 19[23][24]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticPat Ryan58,42745.3
Working FamiliesPat Ryan7,5165.8
TotalPat Ryan65,94351.8
RepublicanMarc Molinaro52,35040.5
ConservativeMarc Molinaro10,6028.2
TotalMarc Molinaro62,95248.1
Write-in960.07
Total votes128,991100.0
Democratichold
U.S. House election, 2022: New York District 19
PartyCandidateVotes%
RepublicanMarc Molinaro129,96045.18%
ConservativeMarc Molinaro16,0445.58%
TotalMarc Molinaro146,00450.76%
DemocraticJosh Riley124,39643.25%
Working FamiliesJosh Riley17,1135.95%
TotalJosh Riley141,50949.20%
Write-in1050.04%
Total votes287,618100%
U.S. House election, 2024: New York District 19[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%
DemocraticJosh Riley170,04945.1
Working FamiliesJosh Riley22,5986.0
TotalJosh Riley192,64751.1
RepublicanMarc Molinaro164,00143.5
ConservativeMarc Molinaro20,2895.4
TotalMarc Molinaro (incumbent)184,29048.9
Total votes376,937100.0
Democraticgain fromRepublican

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"Congressional Districts | 113th 114th Congress Demographics | Urban Rural Patterns". RetrievedNovember 9, 2022.
  2. ^"My Congressional District". RetrievedSeptember 14, 2025.
  3. ^"2025 Cook PVI℠: District Map and List (119th Congress)".Cook Political Report. April 3, 2025. RetrievedApril 4, 2025.
  4. ^"NYS Congressional districts 2020"(PDF).
  5. ^"Dra 2020".
  6. ^"Elections 2012".The New York Times. RetrievedJuly 16, 2023.
  7. ^""Congressional District Comparison"". Archived from the original on November 2, 2012.
  8. ^Chris Gibson won't run for reelection,Politico, January 5, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2016.
  9. ^Niedzwiadek, Nick (November 9, 2016)."Faso defeats Teachout as Republicans hold NY House seats".Politico. RetrievedNovember 13, 2016.
  10. ^"NY-19 special election: Democrat Pat Ryan defeats Republican Marc Molinaro for vacant seat".
  11. ^"Just 47 House districts flipped in the last three presidential elections. What do they tell us?".Daily Kos.
  12. ^Golden, Vaughn (August 24, 2022)."Riley defeats Cheney in Democratic primary for 19th Congressional District".WSKG-FM. RetrievedSeptember 15, 2022.
  13. ^"AP Race Call: Democrat Josh Riley wins election to U.S. House in New York's 19th Congressional District, beating incumbent Marcus Molinaro".AP News. November 6, 2024. RetrievedNovember 7, 2024.
  14. ^"Molinaro won't concede NY-19 before final tally, vows to accept results".spectrumlocalnews.com. RetrievedNovember 7, 2024.
  15. ^https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd119/cd_based/ST36/CD119_NY19.pdf
  16. ^Mahoney, Bill (February 28, 2024)."New congressional maps approved in New York".POLITICO. RetrievedApril 16, 2025.
  17. ^Bloom was elected January 30, 1923 for the term beginning March 4, 1923. The Biographical Directory of the United States Congress incorrectly states the beginning of his term as his election date.
  18. ^"NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 4, 2008"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 23, 2012. RetrievedDecember 8, 2008.
  19. ^"NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 2, 2010"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on August 1, 2013. RetrievedDecember 8, 2008.
  20. ^"NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 6, 2012"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 12, 2013. RetrievedSeptember 25, 2013.
  21. ^"NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 4, 2014"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on January 28, 2015. RetrievedMarch 19, 2018.
  22. ^"NYS Board of Elections Rep. in Congress Election Returns Nov. 8, 2016"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on October 23, 2017. RetrievedMarch 19, 2018.
  23. ^"New York 19th Congressional District Special Election Results".The New York Times. August 23, 2022. RetrievedAugust 23, 2022.
  24. ^"New York State Unofficial Election Night Results".New York State Board of Elections. August 24, 2022. RetrievedAugust 24, 2022.
  25. ^"Statement and Return Report for Certification for NY-11"(website).www.vote.nyc. NYC Board of Elections. RetrievedNovember 5, 2024.

References

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42°13′40″N74°25′32″W / 42.22778°N 74.42556°W /42.22778; -74.42556

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