New Taipei City[I] is aspecial municipality located innorthern Taiwan. The city is home to an estimated population of 4,004,367 as of January 2023,[3] making it the most populous city in Taiwan, and also the second largest special municipality by area, behindKaohsiung. The top-leveladministrative divisions bordering New Taipei City areKeelung to the northeast,Yilan County to the southeast, andTaoyuan to the southwest, and it completely encloses the capital city ofTaipei.Banqiao District is its municipal seat and biggest commercial area.
Before the establishment ofSpanish andDutch outposts inTamsui in 1626, the area of present-day New Taipei City was mostly inhabited byTaiwanese indigenous peoples, mainly theKetagalan people. From thelate Qing era, theport of Tamsui was opened up to foreign traders as one of thetreaty ports after theQing dynasty of China signed theTreaty of Tientsin in June 1858. By the 1890s, the port of Tamsui accounted for 63 percent of the overall trade for entire Taiwan,[5] port towns in the middle course ofTamsui River had also developed into bustling business and transportation centers. During theJapanese rule of Taiwan, the entire area of New Taipei City was organized as part of theTaihoku Prefecture. After theRepublic of China took control of Taiwan in 1945, the present-day New Taipei City was designated on 7 January 1946 asTaipei County inTaiwan Province, which was constituted from the former Taihoku Prefecture, but not including present-day divisions ofTaipei City,Keelung andYilan County, the latter of which became detached from Taipei County on 10 October 1950. Itscounty status remained until 25 December 2010 when it was promoted to special municipal status and renamed as "New Taipei City".
New Taipei City was formerly known asTaipei County before its promotion tospecial municipality status in 2010. The name of the new municipality (新北市, literally "New Northern City") was initially rendered in English asXinbei City viapinyinromanization,[6][7] but both candidates for the city's first mayoral election opposed the name. Consequently, citing public opinion, the inaugural mayor,Eric Chu, requested and received approval from theMinistry of the Interior (MOI) to render the name in English asNew Taipei City.[8][9] This rendering became official on 31 December 2010.
Archeological records show that New Taipei City had been inhabited since theNeolithic period, with artifacts dug inBali District having shown remains as early as 7000 to 4700 BC. The region around New Taipei City area was once inhabited byKetagalanplains aborigines, and evidence shows that theAtayal had inhabitedWulai District. The earliest recorded migration by people frommainland China dated back as early as 1620, when the local tribes were driven into the mountain areas. Over the years, many of the aborigines haveassimilated into the general population.[10]
During theQing Dynasty rule of Taiwan, theHan Chinese people began to settle in the area now designated as New Taipei City in 1694 and the number of immigrants from mainland China had further increased. After decades of development and prosperity,Tamsui had become an international commercial port by 1850.British consulate and stores were established in the region, which helped promote the local tea business, resulting in massive tea leaf exports toEurope. In 1875,Shen Baozhen called for the establishment ofTaipeh Prefecture.Fujian-Taiwan-Province was declared in 1887 and the present-day New Taipei City area fell under the jurisdiction of Taipeh Prefecture.[11][12]
In 1895, Taiwan was ceded by theQing dynasty to theEmpire of Japan. DuringJapanese rule, the New Taipei City area was administered underTaihoku Prefecture together with modern-dayTaipei,Keelung andYilan County. Gold and other mineral deposits were discovered at Keelung Mountain, triggering a mining boom in the region. In October 1896, Japanese government divided the mining area around Keelung Mountain into two districts: an eastern district, designated asKinkaseki, and a western district, designated asKyūfun. Both districts are now parts ofRuifang District. They also issued regulations barring local Taiwanese mining companies from mining in the area, giving the mining rights to Japanese companies instead.[13]
After thehandover of Taiwan from Japan to theRepublic of China in October 1945, from 25 December of the same year, the present New Taipei City area was administered asTaipei County withBanqiao City as thecounty seat. In July 1949, the size of Taipei County was reduced whenBeitou andShilin townships were put under the jurisdiction of the newly createdCaoshan Administrative Bureau, which would later be renamed the Yangmingshan Administrative Bureau. The southeastern part of Taipei County, becameYilan County on 10 October 1950, while Taipei City was detached from Taipei County from a provincial city to a special municipality on 1 July 1967. On 1 July 1968, the size of Taipei County was further reduced by 205.16 km2 (79.21 sq mi) whenJingmei,Muzha,Nangang andNeihu townships, along withBeitou andShilin, were merged intoTaipei City.
New Taipei City is located at the northern tip of Taiwan Island. It covers a vast territory with a varied topology, including mountains, hills, plains and basins. In the northern part lies 120 km (75 mi) of coastline with gorgeous shorelines and beaches. TheTamsui River is the main river flowing through New Taipei City. Other large tributaries are theXindian,Keelung andDahan rivers, sections of which constitute riverside parks. The tallest peak in the city isMount Zhuzi, standing at 1,094 m and located in theSanzhi District.[11]
The climate of the city is characterized as ahumid subtropical climate with seasonal monsoons and ample rainfall evenly distributed throughout the year. Seasonal variations of temperatures are noticeable although temperatures typically varies from warm to hot throughout the year, except when cold fronts strikes during the winter months when temperatures can sometimes dip below 10 °C (50 °F). January is typically the coolest month and July is usually the warmest.
Climate data for Tamsui District, New Taipei City (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present)
New Taipei City controls 28districts (區;qū) and 1 mountain indigenous district (山地原住民區;shāndì yuánzhùmín qū).[18] The sub-city entities consists of 1,017villages (里;lǐ), which in turn are divided into 21,683 neighborhoods (鄰;lín). The municipal seat is located atBanqiao District.
New Taipei City has an estimated population of 4 million.[22] Over 80% of New Taipei City's residents live in the 10 districts that were formerly county-administered cities (Banqiao,Luzhou,Sanchong,Shulin,Tucheng,Xizhi,Xindian,Xinzhuang,Yonghe andZhonghe), which account for one-sixth of the area. 28.80% of the residents moved into the area fromTaipei City.[clarification needed] Around 70% of the population living in New Taipei City come from different parts of Taiwan, and there are around73,000[citation needed] foreigners residing in the city, making New Taipei City the third largest municipality in Taiwan in terms of foreign resident population.[23]
The city is home to 952 registered temples and 120 churches, including 160 Buddhist-Taoist temples and more than 3,000 Taoist shrines. The city also houses five major Buddhist monasteries, such as theDharma Drum Mountain inJinshan District and Ling-jiou Mountain Monastery inGongliao District. On average, there are two worship places in every square kilometer around the city.Xizhi District andSanxia District have the highest number of registered temples, whileWulai District has the fewest. New Taipei City houses theMuseum of World Religions inYonghe District.[24]
Due to its strategic location, New Taipei City is the second major city of business industries after Taipei, with over 250,000 privately owned companies (includingAcer Computers Inc.) and 20,000 factories scattered around five industrial parks with a total capital ofNT$1.8 trillion. There are also many high technology industry, service industry and tourism industry, contributing a significant amount ofGDP to Taiwan.[12][22] The five major industries in the city are information technology (IT), telecommunications, digital contents, biotechnology and precision instruments. The city is among the top three cities in the global market in terms of IT product production volume, securing more than 50% of the global market share for products such as motherboards, notebooks, LCD monitors and CRT monitors.[10]
New Taipei City is also filled with many cultural and creative industries, such as pottery inYingge District, Liuli industry inTamsui District, drum industry inXinzhuang District, dye industry inSanxia District, noble metal processing industry inRuifang District, sky lantern industry inPingxi District, etc. The Taiwan Film Culture Center is planned to be built inXinzhuang District for the key resource of the development of film industries in Taiwan. The Knowledge Industry Park is also planned to be built in the same district to encourage the clustering and expansion of digital content companies and will help turn the city into a virtual digital entertainment park.[29]
ThePort of Taipei located inBali District has the capability of fitting container ships weighing up to 80,000 tons and transporting more than 2 million TEUs annually. TheTamsui Fisherman's Wharf inTamsui District serves as the main port for fishing boats, as well as for sightseeing and leisure.
Foxconn is based in New Taipei City. The company is the international major company for electronic OEM/ODM products. Foxconn producesiPhones for Apple.
New Taipei is also the hometown ofGiant Bicycles. In the 1980s Fairly Cycle was founded in New Taipei. The company produces 450 to 550 bikes a day for brands likeFelt,Canyon (Germany),Kona, Willier and others as anOEM.[30]
Education in New Taipei City is governed by the Education Department ofNew Taipei City Government. The city population is highly educated, with over 38% of the people received higher education.
There are currently 24 colleges and universities in New Taipei City.Fu Jen Catholic University is the representative university[clarification needed] of New Taipei City byQS Most Affordable Cities for Students Ranking.[31] Mayor of New Taipei CityHou Yu-ih once pointed out in 2021 that "Fu Jen is the core of talent, academics and medical care in New Taipei City".[32][33]
New Taipei City is developing to be a Green Future City. The city provides a Carbon Reduction Clinic for houses and businesses with general consultation and on-site inspections for greener equipment, in which it is helped by the low-carbon community subsidies. The city also implements the Assist Industries with Cleaner Production Plan to help businesses adapt to the efforts toward becoming green industries. Thecity government also actively promoting green energy industries and smart electric vehicles.[34]
In January 2016, New Taipei City was the top in terms of electricity saving in Taiwan, in which electricity consumption for the period April–November 2015 was cut down by 1.24%.[35]
New Taipei City has a wide range of historical, natural and cultural attractions for tourists. Tourism-related industries in the city are governed by the Tourism and Travel Department ofNew Taipei City Government.
New Taipei City regularly hosts around 5,000 annual art, music and cultural festivals, such as theHohaiyan Rock Festival inGongliao District.[29] TheLantern Festival is held regularly in the city particularly inPingxi District, wheresky lanterns are made throughout the year for people to buy. Guests can also learn how to make their own lanterns, paint their hopes, dreams and wishes on them, then release them to the sky in the hopes that their prayers will be answered.[36]
Other festivals include the Yeliu Religious Festival, Cherry Blossom Season, Ching Shui Tsu Shih Rituals, Mazu Cultural Festival, Zhonghe Water Festival, Green Bamboo Shoot Festival, Tung Blossom Festival, Fulong Sand Sculpture Festival, Shimen International Kite Festival, Taishan Lion Dance Culture Festival, Color Play Asia etc.[37]
The TRA'sYilan Line runs through Gongliao, Shuangxi and Ruifang. TheWestern Line runs through Xizhi, Banqiao, Shulin and Yingge. ThePingxi Line connects Pingxi to Ruifang.
TheTaipei Metro serves the area through the following four lines. Taipei Metro is the best way to access the city's northern, southern, and western sections.[citation needed]
^ab人口統計(110年12月)列表 (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Department of civil affairs, New Taipei City Government. 10 January 2018.Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved20 January 2022.
^臺灣地區鄉鎮市區級以上行政區域名稱中英對照表 [Comparison Table of Chinese and English Names for Administrative Divisions at the Township, City, and District Levels and Above in the Taiwan Area](PDF). Online Translation System of Geographic Name,Ministry of Interior. 16 June 2011. pp. 1–2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 25 March 2012.
^Neidhart, Christoph (14 July 2017)."Rad für die Welt".Süddeutsche.de (in German).Archived from the original on 10 April 2022. Retrieved10 April 2022.
^"Taipei".QS Top Universities. Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 30 November 2015.Archived from the original on 28 June 2016. Retrieved27 May 2016.
^"輔大歡慶60周年出版專書 侯友宜：輔大就是新北市的中心" [Fu Jen Catholic University celebrates its sixtieth anniversary with a special publication.Hou Yu-ih claims Fu Jen Catholic University is the center of New Taipei City.].翻爆. 旺旺中時媒體集團. 23 November 2021.Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved25 March 2022.
^"划向未來的方舟發表會 侯:感謝輔大共生共榮" [Presenting the Ark Sailing Toward the Future –Hou Yu-ih is Grateful to Fu Jen Catholic University for Thriving Together]. 22 November 2021.Archived from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved25 March 2022.
1 Provinces are merely formal entities within the constitutional structure, and have no governing power after the dissolution of their administrative organs in 2018. Cities and counties are thede facto principal administrative divisions of Taiwan.
Sarah Shair-Rosenfield (November 2020)."Taiwan Combined"(PDF). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Retrieved29 May 2021.
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