| New Tai Lü ᦟᦲᧅᦷᦎᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ Xishuangbanna Dai | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Script type | |
Period | c. 1950–present |
| Direction | Left-to-right  |
| Languages | Tai Lue |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | |
| ISO 15924 | |
| ISO 15924 | Talu(354), New Tai Lue |
| Unicode | |
Unicode alias | New Tai Lue |
| U+1980–U+19DF | |
| This article containsphonetic transcriptions in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. For the distinction between[ ],/ / and ⟨ ⟩, seeIPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. | |
| Brahmic scripts |
|---|
| TheBrahmi script and its descendants |
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New Tai Lue script, also known as Xishuangbanna Dai[4] and Simplified Tai Lue (Tai Lue: ᦟᦲᧅᦷᦎᦺᦑᦟᦹᧉ), is anabugida used to write theTai Lue language. Developed inChina in the 1950s, New Tai Lue is based on the traditionalTai Tham alphabet developedc. 1200.[5] The government of China promoted the alphabet for use as a replacement for the older script; teaching the script was notmandatory, however, and as a result many are illiterate in New Tai Lue. In addition, communities inBurma,Laos,Thailand andVietnam still use theTai Tham alphabet.
Similar to theThai andLao scripts, consonants come in pairs to denote two tonal registers (high and low).[4]
| High | ᦀ | ᦂ | ᦃ | ᦄ | ᦈ | ᦉ | ᦊ | ᦎ | ᦏ | ᦐ | ᦔ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | ᦁ | ᦅ | ᦆ | ᦇ | ᦋ | ᦌ | ᦍ | ᦑ | ᦒ | ᦓ | ᦗ |
| IPA | /ʔa/ | /ka/ | /xa/ | /ŋa/ | /t͡sa/ | /sa/ | /ja/ | /ta/ | /tʰa/ | /na/ | /pa/ |
| High | ᦕ | ᦖ | ᦚ | ᦛ | ᦜ | ᦡ | ᦢ | ᦠ | ᦦ | ᦧ | ᦪ |
| Low | ᦘ | ᦙ | ᦝ | ᦞ | ᦟ | ᦤ | ᦥ | ᦣ | ᦨ | ᦩ | ᦫ |
| IPA | /pʰa/ | /ma/ | /fa/ | /va/ | /la/ | /da/ | /ba/ | /ha/ | /kʷa/ | /xʷa/ | /sʷa/ |
Final consonants do not have an inherent /a/ vowel.[4] They are modified forms of initials with avirama-like hook:
| Final | ᧅ | ᧆ | ᧇ | ᧂ | ᧃ | ᧄ | ᧁ | no final withᦰ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | /k̚/ | /t̚/ | /p̚/ | /ŋ/ | /n/ | /m/ | /w/ | /ʔ/ |
Consonants have a default vowel of /a/.In the table below, '◌' represents a consonant and is used to indicate the position of the various vowels:
| Short vowels | Long vowels | Diphthongs with i | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Letters | IPA | Letters | IPA | Letters | IPA |
| not present | /a/ | ᦺ◌ | /aj/ | ||
| ◌ᦰ | /aʔ/ | ◌ᦱ | /aː/ | ◌ᦻ | /aːj/ |
| ◌ᦲᦰ | /iʔ/ | ◌ᦲ | /i(ː)/ | ||
| ᦵ◌ᦰ | /eʔ/ | ᦵ◌ | /e(ː)/ | ||
| ᦶ◌ᦰ | /ɛʔ/ | ᦶ◌ | /ɛ(ː)/ | ||
| ◌ᦳ | /u(ʔ)/ | ◌ᦴ | /uː/ | ◌ᦼ | /uj/ |
| ᦷ◌ᦰ | /oʔ/ | ᦷ◌ | /o(ː)/ | ◌ᦽ | /oj/ |
| ◌ᦸᦰ | /ɔʔ/ | ◌ᦸ | /ɔ(ː)/ | ◌ᦾ | /ɔj/ |
| ◌ᦹᦰ | /ɯʔ/ | ◌ᦹ | /ɯ(ː)/ | ◌ᦿ | /ɯj/ |
| ᦵ◌ᦲᦰ | /ɤʔ/ | ᦵ◌ᦲ | /ɤ(ː)/ | ᦵ◌ᧀ | /ɤj/ |
In some words, the symbolᦰ is just used for distinguishinghomonyms or displayingonomatopoeiae.
Generally, vowels inopen syllables (without final) become long whereas ones inclosed syllables become short (except/aː/ and/uː/).
New Tai Lue has two tone marks which are written at the end of a syllable:ᧈ andᧉ.[4]Because consonants come in pairs to denote two tonal registers, the two tone marks allow for representation of six specific tones:
| High register | Low register | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mark | ᧉ | ᧈ | ᧉ | ᧈ | ||
| Shown with k | ᦂ | ᦂᧉ | ᦂᧈ | ᦅ | ᦅᧉ | ᦅᧈ |
| IPA | /ka˥/ | /ka˩˧/ | /ka˧˥/ | /ka˥˩/ | /ka˩/ | /ka˧/ |
| Transcription | ka¹ | ka³ | ka⁵ | ka² | ka⁴ | ka⁶ |
Two letters are used only for abbreviations:
New Tai Lue has its own set of digits:
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ᧐ | ᧑/᧚ | ᧒ | ᧓ | ᧔ | ᧕ | ᧖ | ᧗ | ᧘ | ᧙ |
An alternative glyph for one (᧚) is used when᧑ might be confused with the vowelᦱ.[4]
New Tai Lue script was added to theUnicode Standard in March, 2005 with the release of version 4.1.
In June 2015, New Tai Lue was changed from anISCII-style logical ordering (where vowel modifiers are always encoded after the base consonants which they modify), as used for most Indic scripts in Unicode, to aTIS-620-style visual ordering model (where a vowel modifier will be encoded before the base consonant if it appears before it in the line, or after it otherwise), as used for the Thai and Lao scripts. This change was made since visual ordering for New Tai Lue was found to be more widespread in practice than the previously prescribed logical ordering.[4][7][8][9] This change affected the four vowel letters which appear to the left of the initial consonant.
The Unicode block for New Tai Lue is U+1980–U+19DF:
| New Tai Lue[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+198x | ᦀ | ᦁ | ᦂ | ᦃ | ᦄ | ᦅ | ᦆ | ᦇ | ᦈ | ᦉ | ᦊ | ᦋ | ᦌ | ᦍ | ᦎ | ᦏ |
| U+199x | ᦐ | ᦑ | ᦒ | ᦓ | ᦔ | ᦕ | ᦖ | ᦗ | ᦘ | ᦙ | ᦚ | ᦛ | ᦜ | ᦝ | ᦞ | ᦟ |
| U+19Ax | ᦠ | ᦡ | ᦢ | ᦣ | ᦤ | ᦥ | ᦦ | ᦧ | ᦨ | ᦩ | ᦪ | ᦫ | ||||
| U+19Bx | ᦰ | ᦱ | ᦲ | ᦳ | ᦴ | ᦵ | ᦶ | ᦷ | ᦸ | ᦹ | ᦺ | ᦻ | ᦼ | ᦽ | ᦾ | ᦿ |
| U+19Cx | ᧀ | ᧁ | ᧂ | ᧃ | ᧄ | ᧅ | ᧆ | ᧇ | ᧈ | ᧉ | ||||||
| U+19Dx | ᧐ | ᧑ | ᧒ | ᧓ | ᧔ | ᧕ | ᧖ | ᧗ | ᧘ | ᧙ | ᧚ | ᧞ | ᧟ | |||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
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