New Roads, Louisiana | |
|---|---|
| City of New Roads | |
 Pointe Coupee Parish courthouse | |
 Seal | |
 Location of New Roads in Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana. | |
.svg) Location of Louisiana in the United States | |
| Coordinates:30°41′45″N91°27′14″W / 30.69583°N 91.45389°W /30.69583; -91.45389[1] | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Louisiana |
| Parish | Pointe Coupee |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.58 sq mi (11.87 km2) |
| • Land | 4.58 sq mi (11.87 km2) |
| • Water | 0 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
| Elevation | 30 ft (9.1 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 4,549 |
| • Density | 992.7/sq mi (383.29/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 70760 |
| Area code | 225 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2404366[1] |
| FIPS code | 22-55105 |
| Website | https://newroads.net |
New Roads (historicallyFrench:Poste-de-Pointe-Coupée[3]) is a city in and theparish seat ofPointe Coupee Parish,Louisiana, United States.[4] The center of population of Louisiana was located in New Roads in 2000.[5] The population was 4,831 at the2010 census, down from 4,966 in2000. In the 2020 census the population was 4,549, while at the beginning year of 2023 the census showed a population of 4,205 and expects to be under 4,000 by the years end. The city's ZIP code is 70760. It is part of theBaton Rouge Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Le Poste de Pointe Coupée ("the Pointe Coupée Post" or Cut Point Post) is one of the oldest communities in theMississippi River Valley established byEuropean colonists. Thetrading post was founded in 1719 by settlers fromFrance. It was located upstream from the point crossed by explorers, immediately above but not circled byFalse River. The name referred to the area along theMississippi River northeast of what is now New Roads.
The post was initially settled by nativeFrench, as well asFrench-speakingCreoles born in thecolony. Additional ethnically French settlers migrated down the Mississippi River fromFort de Chartres,Upper Louisiana. The colonists imported numerousAfricanslaves from theFrench West Indies (Guadeloupe,Martinique,Saint-Domingue), and many directly from Africa, as workers for theplantations.
HistorianGwendolyn Midlo Hall discovered extensiveFrench andSpanish documentation of the earlyslave trade, which provided more information than is usually available as to the ethnicity and names ofindividual slaves, all in thecourt house at New Roads. Using this and other research, she has produced "The Louisiana Slave Database and the Louisiana Free Database: 1719–1820," which is searchable online.
After several floods, GovernorLuis de Unzaga in 1772 moved the European settlement from Pointe Coupee to a new post, the so-called Post Unzaga. Recently, historians Frank Cazorla and J. David Polo, from the Louis de Unzaga Historical Society research team, using satelliteremote sensing techniques and comparative plans from theGeneral Archive of the Indies, have managed to locate the position of the Unzaga post, which included, along with it, a parish. Unfortunately after the slave rebellion of 1795 this settlement was left uninhabited.[7]
After Great Britain defeated France in theSeven Years' War (also known as theFrench and Indian War in North America), France ceded this territory to Spain. About 1776, the Spanish built aChemin Neuf, French for "New Road," connecting the Mississippi River withFalse River, a 22-mile (35 km) longoxbow lake and formerly the main channel of the Mississippi.[8]
In 1791, the Mina (an African people)slave uprising, theMina Conspiracy, started on the estate of Widow Robillard at New Roads. Three years later, there was another area slave revolt nearPoint Coupee, thePointe Coupée Conspiracy.[8]
In 1803 the United States made theLouisiana Purchase, and the territory became part of the United States. In-migration of American settlers increased, changing Louisiana culture.
In 1822, Catherine Dispau (afree woman of color called"La Fille Gougis") made a four or six block subdivision out of her False River plantation. This was located at the terminus of a "new road" linking False River with the older Mississippi River settlement to the north. This is the area now bounded by West Main, New Roads, West Second and St. Mary Streets. The latter was named for St. Mary's Catholic Church, founded in 1823. The community was referred to variously as the "village of St. Mary" or Chemin Neuf.[8]
The founding of the church helped the community develop. In 1847, New Roads was named as the seat of Pointe Coupée Parish, and a courthouse was built. Between these "strong celestial poles," the Main Street business district developed. After the abandonment of the competing parish port ofWaterloo during 1882–84 due to flooding, New Roads became the major commercial port and city of Pointe Coupée Parish. The railroad reached the city in 1898–99, bringing much industrial development.[8]
The official name of the community changed frequently during the years after Louisiana became part of the United States. The first post office was established in 1858 as "False River," but it was discontinued in 1861. When the town was incorporated by the state legislature in 1875, it was named "New Roads." But, in 1878, when the post office reopened, it was named "St. Mary's." In 1879, the city and post office name was changed to New Roads. The old incorporation fell into disuse. The city was reincorporated in 1892, and received its charter two years later. Several names were proposed, among them "St. Mary" and "Rose Lake." But "New Roads" was finally chosen, although it was often misspelled "New Rhodes."[8]
Since its founding, New Roads has been the hub of an agricultural community that cultivatedcommodity crops of sugar cane, cotton, and pecans, among others. Today, the economy has grown to support large industries such as healthcare and social assistance, construction, and retail facilities.[9]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.6 square miles (12 km2), all land.
Gradually sloping from a high of 36 feet (11 m) above sea level on Main Street immediately adjacent to False River to a low of 25 feet (7.6 m) along Portage Canal in the north, the city lies on a Mississippi River flood-plain but has never flooded to any great extent since 1912. Levee breaks or "crevasses" on the Mississippi River to the north and east overbanked False River and submerged all of New Roads in 1867, 1882 and 1884. The 1882 flood was the most severe, with four feet of water standing in Main Street during the height of the crisis. During the floods of 1912 and 1927, however, the southern portion of the town, including the main business district, remained dry, as the flood waters to the north and east were held back by the Texas & Pacific Railroad embankment. Mid-city flooding had periodically occurred during hurricanes and other heavy rainfall events due to the overbanking of the Portage Canal, the lowest part of the city.[10]
| Climate data for New Roads, Louisiana (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1942–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 85 (29) | 86 (30) | 89 (32) | 95 (35) | 98 (37) | 107 (42) | 102 (39) | 105 (41) | 105 (41) | 96 (36) | 89 (32) | 85 (29) | 107 (42) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 61.1 (16.2) | 65.1 (18.4) | 72.1 (22.3) | 78.7 (25.9) | 85.8 (29.9) | 90.7 (32.6) | 92.4 (33.6) | 92.4 (33.6) | 88.8 (31.6) | 80.7 (27.1) | 70.8 (21.6) | 63.3 (17.4) | 78.5 (25.8) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 51.5 (10.8) | 55.2 (12.9) | 61.7 (16.5) | 68.4 (20.2) | 76.0 (24.4) | 81.8 (27.7) | 83.8 (28.8) | 83.6 (28.7) | 79.8 (26.6) | 70.3 (21.3) | 60.2 (15.7) | 53.6 (12.0) | 68.8 (20.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 41.9 (5.5) | 45.3 (7.4) | 51.3 (10.7) | 58.0 (14.4) | 66.1 (18.9) | 72.9 (22.7) | 75.2 (24.0) | 74.8 (23.8) | 70.7 (21.5) | 59.9 (15.5) | 49.6 (9.8) | 43.9 (6.6) | 59.1 (15.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 4 (−16) | 13 (−11) | 23 (−5) | 32 (0) | 39 (4) | 50 (10) | 58 (14) | 55 (13) | 46 (8) | 29 (−2) | 22 (−6) | 8 (−13) | 4 (−16) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 6.53 (166) | 5.19 (132) | 4.49 (114) | 5.07 (129) | 5.21 (132) | 5.55 (141) | 4.62 (117) | 4.36 (111) | 4.06 (103) | 4.21 (107) | 3.91 (99) | 5.34 (136) | 58.54 (1,487) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.1 (0.25) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 9.1 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 7.0 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 9.6 | 7.0 | 6.1 | 6.4 | 8.5 | 98.2 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| Source:NOAA[11][12] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 770 | — | |
| 1910 | 1,352 | 75.6% | |
| 1920 | 1,294 | −4.3% | |
| 1930 | 1,473 | 13.8% | |
| 1940 | 2,255 | 53.1% | |
| 1950 | 2,818 | 25.0% | |
| 1960 | 3,965 | 40.7% | |
| 1970 | 3,945 | −0.5% | |
| 1980 | 3,924 | −0.5% | |
| 1990 | 5,303 | 35.1% | |
| 2000 | 4,966 | −6.4% | |
| 2010 | 4,831 | −2.7% | |
| 2020 | 4,549 | −5.8% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[13] | |||
| Race | Number | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 2,592 | 56.98% |
| White (non-Hispanic) | 1,749 | 38.45% |
| Native American | 2 | 0.04% |
| Asian | 42 | 0.92% |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | 0.02% |
| Other/Mixed | 104 | 2.29% |
| Hispanic orLatino | 59 | 1.3% |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 4,549 people, 1,692 households, and 1,034 families residing in the city. As of thecensus[15] of 2000, there were 4,966 people, 1,818 households, and 1,243 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 1,091.8 inhabitants per square mile (421.5/km2). There were 2,044 housing units at an average density of 449.4 per square mile (173.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 38.99%White, 59.32%African American, 0.22%Native American, 0.79%Asian, 0.16% fromother races, and 0.52% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino of any race were 0.62% of the population.
There were 1,818 households, out of which 33.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% weremarried couples living together, 23.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.6% were non-families. 28.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.24.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 18.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $24,583, and the median income for a family was $31,250. Males had a median income of $32,679 versus $20,547 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $14,840. About 23.6% of families and 30.3% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 40.3% of those under age 18 and 22.7% of those age 65 or over.
From 1960 to 1978, the mayor of New Roads was William Haile "Booty" Scott Sr. During his administration, New Roads and the Pointe Coupee Parish Police Jury acquired property on which to construct facilities.[citation needed] Scott died in office in 1978.
Scott's wife, Trina Olinde Scott (1920–2016), was appointed to fill out his term, becoming New Roads' first female mayor. She was thereafter elected to two full terms of her own. A former educator who attendedH. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College inNew Orleans andLouisiana State University inBaton Rouge, Trina Scott helped revitalize Main Street, increase the size and effectiveness of the police force, and expand the municipal boundaries. Under her administration, New Roads was elevated from town to city status and the city and parish erected the Scott Civic Center, False River Regional Airport, playgrounds, and sports parks.[citation needed][16]
Scott was succeeded by Sylvester Muckelroy, the first African American to hold the office.
In 2010, Robert Myer, also an African American, was elected mayor. On August 3, 2016, Myer wasindicted by a Pointe Coupee Parishgrand jury on nine counts of malfeasance in office and abuse of power. From 2011 to 2014, Myer allegedly used a city-issued credit card for personal reasons. He also allegedly permitted the former municipal finance director to use the card in exchange for sexual favors.[17]
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