New Democratic Party Nouveau Parti démocratique | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | NDP NPD |
| Leader | Don Davies (interim) |
| President | Mary Shortall |
| National director | Lucy Watson |
| Deputy leader | Alexandre Boulerice |
| House leader | Alexandre Boulerice |
| Founded | August 3, 1961 (64 years ago) (1961-08-03)[1] |
| Preceded by | |
| Headquarters | Ottawa,Ontario |
| Youth wing | Canada's Young New Democrats |
| Membership(2017) |  124,620[2][needs update] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Centre-left toleft-wing |
| International affiliation | Progressive Alliance[4] |
| Union affiliate | Canadian Labour Congress |
| Colours | Orange |
| Slogan | In It for You (2025) |
| Senate | 0 / 105 |
| House of Commons | 7 / 343 |
| Website | |
ndp | |
TheNew Democratic Party (NDP;French:Nouveau Parti démocratique,NPD) is a federalpolitical party in Canada. Widely described associal democratic,[3] the party sits at thecentre-left[9] toleft-wing[17] of the Canadianpolitical spectrum, to the left of theLiberal Party.[20] The party was founded in 1961 by theCo-operative Commonwealth Federation and theCanadian Labour Congress.[21] As of 2025, it is the fourth-largest party in the House of Commons, with seven seats, sharing thebalance of power in the45th Parliament.[22]
The federal and provincial (or territorial) level NDPs are more integrated than other political parties in Canada, and have shared membership.[23] The NDP has never won the largest share of seats at the federal level and thus has never formed a government. From2011 to 2015, it formed theOfficial Opposition; apart from this, it has been the third or fourth-largest party in theHouse of Commons. However, the party has held thebalance of power, and with it considerable influence, during periods of Liberalminority governments. Sub-national branches of the NDP have formed the government in six provinces (Ontario,Manitoba,Saskatchewan,Alberta,British Columbia, andNova Scotia) and the territory ofYukon. The NDP supports amixed economy, broaderwelfare,LGBTQ rights,international peace,environmental stewardship, and expandingCanada's universal healthcare system to include dental care, mental health care, eye and hearing care, infertility procedures, and prescription drugs.
In 1956, after the birth of theCanadian Labour Congress (CLC) by a merger of two previous labour congresses, negotiations began between the CLC and theCo-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) to bring about an alliance betweenorganized labour and thepolitical left in Canada. In 1958 a joint CCF-CLC committee, the National Committee for the New Party (NCNP), was formed to create a new social democratic political party, with ten members from each group. The NCNP spent the next three years laying down the foundations of theNew Party, the party's interim name pending a national convention. During this process, a large number of New Party Clubs were established to allow like-minded Canadians to join in its founding, and six representatives from New Party Clubs were added to the National Committee. In 1961, at the end of a five-day long founding convention which established its principles, policies and structures, the New Democratic Party was born, andTommy Douglas, the long-time CCFPremier of Saskatchewan, was elected as its first leader.[24] Supporters of the New Democratic Party are sometimes referred to as "Dippers".[25]
At the1971 leadership convention, an activist group calledthe Waffle tried to take control of the party but was defeated byDavid Lewis with the help of the union members. The following year, most of The Waffle split from the NDP and formed their own party. The NDP itself supported the minority government formed by thePierre Trudeau–led Liberals from 1972 to 1974, although the two parties never entered into acoalition. Together, they succeeded in passing several socially progressive initiatives into law such as pension indexing and the creation of the crown corporationPetro-Canada.[26]
In 1974, the NDP worked with the Progressive Conservatives to pass a motion of non-confidence, forcing anelection. However, it backfired as Trudeau's Liberals regained a majority government, mostly at the expense of the NDP, which lost half its seats. Lewis lost his own riding and resigned as leader the following year.
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UnderEd Broadbent (1975–1989) the NDP attempted to find a more populist image to contrast with the governing parties, focusing on more pocketbook issues than on ideological fervour. The party played a critical role duringJoe Clark's minority government of 1979–1980, moving thenon-confidence motion onJohn Crosbie's1979 budget that brought down theProgressive Conservative government and forced the1980 election that brought the Liberal Party back to power.[27]
In the1984 election, which saw the Progressive Conservatives underBrian Mulroney win the most seats in Canadian history, the NDP won 30 seats, while the governing Liberals fell to 40 seats.[28]
The NDP set a then-record of 43members of parliament (MPs) elected to the house in theelection of 1988. The Liberals, however, had reaped most of the benefits of opposing theCanada–United States Free Trade Agreement to emerge as the dominant alternative to the ruling PC government. In 1989, Broadbent stepped down after 14 years as federal leader of the NDP.[29]
At theparty's leadership convention in 1989, formerBC PremierDave Barrett andYukonMPAudrey McLaughlin were the main contenders for the leadership. During the campaign, Barrett argued that the party should be concerned withwestern alienation, rather than focusing its attention onQuebec. The Quebec wing of the NDP strongly opposed Barrett's candidacy, withPhil Edmonston, the party's main spokesman in Quebec, threatening to resign from the party if Barrett won.[30] McLaughlin ran on a more traditional approach, and became the first woman to lead a major federal political party in Canada.[31][32]
Although enjoying strong support among organized labour and rural voters in the Prairies, McLaughlin tried to expand their support into Quebec without much success. Under McLaughlin, the party did manage to win an election in Quebec for the first time when Edmonston won the1990 Chambly by-election.[33]
McLaughlin and the NDP were routed in the1993 election, where the party won only nine seats and 7% of the vote,[34] three seats short ofofficial party status in the House of Commons.[35] This was, until2025, the NDP's lowest seat total in any election since the party's founding in 1961; the election also resulted in the lowest-ever total number of votes ever received by the NDP in a federal election.[36] The loss was blamed on the unpopularity of NDP provincial governments underBob Rae in Ontario andMike Harcourt in British Columbia and the loss of a significant portion of the Western vote to theReform Party, which promised a more decentralized and democratic federation along with right-wing economic reforms.[37][38]
McLaughlin resigned in 1995 and was succeeded byAlexa McDonough, the former leader of theNova Scotia NDP. In contrast to traditional Canadian practice, where an MP for a safe seat stands down to allow a newly elected leader a chance to enter Parliament via aby-election, McDonough opted to wait until the next election to enter Parliament.[39]
The party recovered somewhat inthe 1997 election, electing 21 members. The NDP made a breakthrough inAtlantic Canada, a region where they had been practically nonexistent at the federal level. Before 1997, they had won only three seats in Atlantic Canada. However, in 1997 they won eight seats in that region. The party was able to harness the discontent of voters in Atlantic Canada, who were upset over cuts toemployment insurance and other social programs implemented byJean Chrétien's Liberal majority government.[40][41]
In the November2000 election, the NDP campaigned primarily on the issue of Medicare but lost significant support. The governing Liberals ran an effective campaign on their economic record and managed to recapture some of the Atlantic ridings lost to the NDP in the 1997 election. The initial high electoral prospects of theCanadian Alliance under new leaderStockwell Day also hurt the NDP as many supporters strategically voted Liberal to keep the Alliance from winning. The NDP finished with 13 MPs—just barely over the threshold for official party status.[42][43] McDonough announced her resignation as party leader for family reasons in June 2002 (effective upon her successor's election).[44]
A Toronto city councillor and recent President of theFederation of Canadian Municipalities,Jack Layton was elected at the party'sleadership election in Toronto on January 25, 2003.[45]
The2004 election produced mixed results for the NDP. It increased its total vote by more than a million votes; however, despite Layton's optimistic predictions of reaching 40 seats, the NDP only gained five seats in the election, for a total of 19. The party was disappointed to see its twoSaskatchewan incumbents defeated in close races by the newConservative Party (created by merger of the Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative parties), perhaps because of the unpopularity of the NDP provincial government.[46][47]
The Liberals were re-elected, though this time as aminority government. Combined, the Liberals and NDP had 154 seats – one short of the total needed for the balance of power.[48] As has been the case with Liberal minorities in the past, the NDP were in a position to make gains on the party's priorities, such as fighting health careprivatization, fulfilling Canada's obligation to theKyoto Protocol, andelectoral reform. The party used Prime MinisterPaul Martin's politically precarious position caused by thesponsorship scandal to force investment in multiple federal programs, agreeing not to help topple the government provided that some major concessions in the federal budget were ceded to.[49][50]
On November 9, 2005, after the findings of theGomery Inquiry were released, Layton notified the Liberal government that continued NDP support would require a ban on private healthcare. When the Liberals refused, Layton announced that he would introduce a motion on November 24 that would ask Martin to call a federal election in February to allow for several pieces of legislation to be passed. The Liberals turned down this offer. On November 28, 2005, Conservative leaderStephen Harper's motion of no confidence was seconded by Layton and it was passed by all three opposition parties, forcing an election.[51]
During theelection, the NDP won 29 seats, a significant increase of 10 seats from the 19 won in 2004. It was the fourth-best performance in party history, approaching the level of popular support enjoyed in the 1980s. The NDP kept all of the 18 seats it held at the dissolution of Parliament. While the party gained no seats in Atlantic Canada, Quebec, or the Prairie provinces, it gained five seats in British Columbia, five more in Ontario and theWestern Arctic riding of theNorthwest Territories.[52][53]
The Conservatives won a minority government in the 2006 election, and initially the NDP was the only party that would not be able to pass legislation with the Conservatives. However, following a series offloor crossings, the NDP also came to hold the balance of power. The NDP voted against the government in all four confidence votes in the 39th parliament, the only party to do so. However, it worked with the Conservatives on other issues, including in passing theFederal Accountability Act and pushing for changes to theClean Air Act.[54]
Following that election, the NDP caucus rose to 30 members with the victory of NDP candidateThomas Mulcair in aby-election in Outremont.[55] This marked the second time ever (and first time in seventeen years) that the NDP won a riding in Quebec. The party won 37 seats in the2008 federal election, the best performance since the 1988 total of 43.[56] This included a breakthrough in the riding ofEdmonton-Strathcona, only the second time the NDP had managed to win a seat in Alberta in the party's history.[57]
In the2011 federal election, the NDP won a record 103 seats, becoming theOfficial Opposition for the first time in the party's history.[58] The party had a historic breakthrough inQuebec, where they won 59 out of 75 seats, dominatingMontreal and sweepingQuebec City and theOutaouais. This meant that a majority of the party's MPs now came from a province where they had only ever had two candidates elected in the party's history.[59] The NDP's success in Quebec was mirrored by the collapse of theBloc Québécois, which lost all but four of its 47 seats, and the collapse of the Liberal Party nationally, which was cut down to just 34 seats, its worst-ever result.[60] This also marked the first time in history where the Liberal Party was neither the government nor the Official Opposition, as the NDP had taken over the latter role.[61][62] The NDP was now the second largest party in the House of Commons opposing a Conservative majority government.[63]
In July 2011, Layton announced that he was suffering from a new cancer and would take a leave of absence, projected to last until the resumption of Parliament in September. He would retain his position of NDP Leader and Leader of the Opposition. The party confirmed his suggestion ofHull—Aylmer MPNycole Turmel to carry out the functions of party leader in his absence. Laytondied from his cancer on August 22, 2011.[64][65]
In his final letter, Layton called for aleadership election to be held in early 2012 to choose his successor,[66] which was held on March 24, 2012, and elected new leaderTom Mulcair.[67]
Despite early campaign polls which showed the NDP in first place, the party lost 59 seats in the2015 election and fell back to third place in Parliament. By winning 44 seats, Mulcair was able to secure the second best showing in the party's history, winning one more seat than Ed Broadbent managed in the 1988 election, but with a smaller share of the popular vote.[68] NDP seat gains in Saskatchewan and British Columbia were offset by numerical losses in almost every other region, while in Alberta and Manitoba the party maintained its existing seat counts. The party was locked out of Atlantic Canada and the Territories, and lost over half of its seats in Ontario, including all of its seats in Toronto. In Quebec, the NDP lost seats to all three of the other major parties, namely the Liberals, Conservatives, and Bloc Québécois, though it managed to place second in both vote share (25.4%) and seats (16) behind the Liberals in the province. The election resulted in a Liberal majority government.[69][70]
Mulcair's leadership faced criticism following the election, culminating in his losing aleadership review vote held at the NDP's policy convention inEdmonton,Alberta on April 10, 2016. This marked the first time in Canadian federal politics that a leader was defeated in a confidence vote.[71] Consequently, his successor was to be chosen at aleadership election to be held no later than October 2017, with Mulcair agreeing to remain as leader until then.[72]
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On October 1, 2017,Jagmeet Singh, the first person of avisible minority group to lead a major Canadian federal political party on a permanent basis, won the leadership vote to head the NDP on the first ballot.[73] On August 8, 2018, Singh announced he would be running in a by-election to replaceKennedy Stewart as the Member of Parliament forBurnaby South. Stewart had resigned in order to make an ultimately successful bid forMayor of Vancouver.[74] Singh relocated toBurnaby for the election[75] and won on February 25, 2019, with 38.9 percent of the vote.[76][77]
In the2019 federal election, the NDP won only 24 seats in its worst result since 2004, shedding 15 seats.[78]Alexandre Boulerice, who was elected to his third term inRosemont—La Petite-Patrie, was the only NDP candidate to win a seat in Quebec,[79] while the party lost all three of its Saskatchewan ridings (Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River,Regina—Lewvan, andSaskatoon West) to the Conservatives.[80] The party remained shut out of Toronto[81] and lost two of its MPs (Cheryl Hardcastle inWindsor—Tecumseh andTracey Ramsey inEssex) in the rest of Ontario,[82] while making small or no gains in the popular vote in Manitoba, Newfoundland and Labrador, Alberta and Nunavut. In British Columbia, the NDP lost three seats (Kootenay—Columbia,Port Moody—Coquitlam, and, after having lost it ata by-election,Nanaimo—Ladysmith); however, they retained most of their support in the province.[83]
Following the election, the NDP held the balance of power as the Liberals won a minority government, although it fell back to fourth place behind the resurgent Bloc Québécois.[84][85] During theCOVID-19 pandemic, the NDP used its leverage to lobby the Liberals to be more generous in their financial aid to Canadians, including by extending of theCanada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) program, which was a key demand in order to provide confidence to the government in the autumn of 2020.[86]
In thesnap2021 federal election, the NDP made minor gains in both vote share and seat count, winning in 25 ridings. The party won a second seat in Alberta for the first time whenBlake Desjarlais picked upEdmonton Griesbach andHeather McPherson won her second term atEdmonton Strathcona. The party also picked up two seats in British Columbia withLisa Marie Barron reclaiming Nanaimo—Ladysmith andBonita Zarrillo reclaiming Port Moody—Coquitlam.[87] These gains were offset by losses to the Liberals inSt. John's East andHamilton Mountain, where incumbent NDP MPsJack Harris andScott Duvall did not stand for re-election.[88][89] Overall, the election resulted in no change to the balance of power in the House of Commons.[90]
In March 2022, the NDP agreed to aconfidence and supply deal with the Liberal Party, led byPrime MinisterJustin Trudeau.[91] Among the policies included in the deal were the establishment of a nationaldental care program for low income Canadians, progress towards a nationalpharmacare program, labour reforms for federally regulated workers, and new taxes on financial institutions.[92] In September 2024, the NDP ended their confidence and supply agreement with the Liberal Party; the deal had run from March 2022 but was pulled nine months early.[93]
Following the appointment ofMark Carney as prime minister, the NDP suffered poor polling.[94][95] At the2025 federal election, the NDP has suffered its worst seat result in its history, losing 17 of their 24 seats to both Liberal and Conservative candidates,[96] and lostofficial party status in theHouse of Commons.[97] Singh lost his own riding ofBurnaby Central,[98] and announced that he would resign as party leader after the selection of an interim leader.[99] He was replaced byVancouver Kingsway MPDon Davies on an interim basis untila new party leader is elected.[100] On September 2 2025, the2026 New Democratic Party Leadership Election began.[101][102] Leadership candidates are:Heather McPherson, Tanille Johnston,Rob Ashton,Avi Lewis, and Tony Mcquail.[102]
| This article is part ofa series on |
| Democratic socialism and social democracy in Canada |
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The NDP evolved in 1961 from a merger of theCanadian Labour Congress (CLC) and theCo-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF). The CCF grew frompopulist,agrarian andsocialist roots into a modern social democratic party. Although the CCF was part of theChristian left and theSocial Gospel movement,[103] the NDP issecular and pluralistic. It has broadened to include concerns of theNew Left, and advocates issues such asLGBT rights,international peace, andenvironmental stewardship.[104] The NDP also supports amixed economy and broaderwelfare,[105] and has aleft-wing,[14][15]democratic socialist faction.[106] The NDP is a member of theProgressive Alliance, apolitical international of progressive and social democratic parties.[4]
The NDP's constitution states that bothsocial democracy anddemocratic socialism are influences on the party. Specific inclusion of the party's history as the continuation of the more radical Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, and specific identification of the "democratic socialist" tradition as a continuing influence on the party are part of the language of the preamble to the party's constitution:
New Democrats are proud of our political and activist heritage, and our long record of visionary, practical, and successful governments. That heritage and that record have distinguished and inspired our party since the creation of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation in 1933 and the founding of the New Democratic Party in 1961. New Democrats seek a future that brings together the best of the insights and objectives of Canadians who, within the social democratic and democratic socialist traditions, have worked through farmer, labour, co-operative, feminist, human rights and environmental movements, and with First Nations, Métis and Inuit peoples, to build a more just, equal, and sustainable Canada within a global community dedicated to the same goals.[107]
The NDP states that it is committed to public health care. The party states that it fights for "a national, universal, public pharmacare program to make sure that all Canadians can access the prescription medicine they need with their health card, not their credit card – saving money and improving health outcomes for everyone".[108] The party also states its support for expanding services covered under the national health care system to include dental care, mental health care, eye and hearing care, infertility procedures, and prescription drugs. Regarding dentistry, the NDP notes that "one in three Canadians has no dental insurance and over six million people don't visit the dentist every year because they can't afford to. Too many people are forced to go without the care they need until the pain is so severe that they are forced to seek relief in hospital emergency rooms".[109]
The NDP supports thePalestinian state. In March 2024, the House of Commons passed an NDP motion on Palestine after significant amendments were agreed with the Liberals. In particular, the motion called on the government to "officially recognize the State of Palestine"; however, this was amended to "work...towards the establishment of the State of Palestine as part of a negotiatedtwo-state solution."[110]
Since its formation, the party has had a presence in the House of Commons. It was the third largest political party from 1965 to 1993, when the party dropped to fourth and lostofficial party status. The NDP's peak period of policy influence in those periods was during the minorityLiberal governments ofLester B. Pearson (1963–68) andPierre Trudeau (1972–74). The NDP regained official status in 1997, and played a similar role in the Liberal and Conservative minority governments of 2004–2006 and 2006–2011, respectively. Following the2011 election, the party became the second-largest party and formed theOfficial Opposition in the41st Canadian Parliament.[111][112]
Provincial New Democratic parties, which are organizationally sections of the federal party, have governed in six of the tenprovinces and one territory. As of 2025, the NDP governs the provinces ofBritish Columbia[113] andManitoba,[114] forms theOfficial Opposition inAlberta,[115]Nova Scotia,[116]Ontario,[117] andSaskatchewan,[118] and has sitting members in every provincial legislature except those ofNew Brunswick,[119]Prince Edward Island,[120] andQuebec.[121] The NDP has previously formed the government in the provinces of BC,[122] Alberta,[123] Saskatchewan,[124] Manitoba,[125] Ontario,[126] Nova Scotia,[127] and theYukon Territory.[128] The NDP has since its founding in 1961 had at least one sitting member in every provincial legislature except that of Quebec.
While members of the party are active in municipal politics, the party does not organize at that level. For example, though former Toronto mayorDavid Miller was an NDP member during his successful 2003 and 2006 mayoral campaigns, his campaigns were not affiliated with the NDP.[129][130] This is also the case with incumbent Toronto mayorOlivia Chow, Hamilton mayorAndrea Horwath, and former Vancouver mayorKennedy Stewart.
Unlike most other Canadian federal parties, the NDP is integrated with its provincial and territorial parties. Holding membership of a provincial or territorial section of the NDP includes automatic membership in the federal party, and this precludes a person from being a member of different parties at the federal and provincial levels. Membership lists are maintained by the provinces and territories.[131] This has the effect of there being different minimum membership ages depending on the province, with age ranges from 12 to 14 years old.[a][132][133]
There have been three exceptions:Nunavut, theNorthwest Territories, andQuebec. In Nunavut and in the Northwest Territories, whose territorial legislatures have non-partisanconsensus governments, the federal NDP is promoted by its riding associations, since each territory is composed of only one federalriding.[134][135]
In Quebec, thehistorical New Democratic Party of Quebec was integrated with the federal party from 1963 until 1989, when the two agreed to sever their structural ties after the Quebec party adopted asovereigntist platform. For the next two decades, the federal NDP was represented in Quebec only by their Quebec Section,[136] whose activities in the province were limited to the federal level. In 2014, theNew Democratic Party of Quebec (NDPQ) was re-established as afederalist party, unaffiliated with the federal NDP.[137] The NDPQ dissolved at the end of 2024.[138]
The New Democratic Party currently forms government in British Columbia and Manitoba,[139][140] and has previously formed government in Alberta,[141] Nova Scotia,[142] Ontario,[143] Saskatchewan,[144] and Yukon.[145]
| Party | Seats / Total | Role in legislature | Last election | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alberta New Democratic Party | 38 / 87 | Opposition | 2023 | Naheed Nenshi |
| British Columbia New Democratic Party | 47 / 93 | Majority | 2024 | David Eby |
| New Democratic Party of Manitoba | 34 / 57 | Majority | 2023 | Wab Kinew |
| New Brunswick New Democratic Party | 0 / 49 | Extra-parliamentary | 2024 | Alex White |
| New Democratic Party of Newfoundland and Labrador | 2 / 40 | Third party | 2025 | Jim Dinn |
| Nova Scotia New Democratic Party | 9 / 55 | Opposition | 2024 | Claudia Chender |
| Ontario New Democratic Party | 27 / 124 | Opposition | 2025 | Marit Stiles |
| New Democratic Party of Prince Edward Island | 0 / 27 | Extra-parliamentary | 2023 | Vacant |
| Saskatchewan New Democratic Party | 27 / 61 | Opposition | 2024 | Carla Beck |
| Yukon New Democratic Party | 6 / 21 | Opposition | 2025 | Kate White |
| Name | Riding | Province/territory | MP since | Predecessor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandre Boulerice | Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie | Quebec | May 2, 2011 | Bernard Bigras |
| Don Davies | Vancouver Kingsway | British Columbia | October 14, 2008 | David Emerson |
| Leah Gazan | Winnipeg Centre | Manitoba | October 21, 2019 | Robert-Falcon Ouellette |
| Lori Idlout | Nunavut | Nunavut | September 20, 2021 | Mumilaaq Qaqqaq |
| Gord Johns | Courtenay—Alberni | British Columbia | October 19, 2015 | riding created |
| Jenny Kwan | Vancouver East | British Columbia | October 19, 2015 | Libby Davies |
| Heather McPherson | Edmonton Strathcona | Alberta | October 21, 2019 | Linda Duncan |
A list of leaders (including interim leaders) since 1961.
The party president is the administrative chairperson of the party, chairing party conventions, councils and executive meetings.
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Federal secretaries
National directors
| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/− | Position | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 | Tommy Douglas | 1,044,754 | 13.57 | 19 / 265 | 11 |  4th | Fourth party |
| 1963 | 1,044,701 | 13.22 | 17 / 265 | 2 |  4th | Fourth party | |
| 1965 | 1,381,658 | 17.91 | 21 / 265 | 4 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1968 | 1,378,263 | 16.96 | 22 / 264 | 1 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1972 | David Lewis | 1,725,719 | 17.83 | 31 / 264 | 9 | 3rd | Third party |
| 1974 | 1,467,748 | 15.44 | 16 / 264 | 15 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1979 | Ed Broadbent | 2,048,988 | 17.88 | 26 / 282 | 10 | 3rd | Third party |
| 1980 | 2,165,087 | 19.77 | 32 / 282 | 6 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1984 | 2,359,915 | 18.81 | 30 / 282 | 2 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1988 | 2,685,263 | 20.38 | 43 / 295 | 13 | 3rd | Third party | |
| 1993 | Audrey McLaughlin | 939,575 | 6.88 | 9 / 295 | 34 | 4th | No status |
| 1997 | Alexa McDonough | 1,434,509 | 11.05 | 21 / 301 | 12 | 4th | Fourth party |
| 2000 | 1,093,748 | 8.51 | 13 / 301 | 8 | 4th | Fourth party | |
| 2004 | Jack Layton | 2,127,403 | 15.68 | 19 / 308 | 6 | 4th | Fourth party |
| 2006 | 2,589,597 | 17.48 | 29 / 308 | 10 | 4th | Fourth party | |
| 2008 | 2,515,288 | 18.18 | 37 / 308 | 8 | 4th | Fourth party | |
| 2011 | 4,508,474 | 30.63 | 103 / 308 | 66 | 2nd | Official Opposition | |
| 2015 | Tom Mulcair | 3,441,409 | 19.71 | 44 / 338 | 59 | 3rd | Third party |
| 2019 | Jagmeet Singh | 2,903,722 | 15.98 | 24 / 338 | 20 | 4th | Fourth party |
| 2021 | 3,036,346 | 17.83 | 25 / 338 | 1 | 4th | Fourth party(2021–2022, 2024–2025) | |
| Confidence and supply(2022–2024) | |||||||
| 2025 | 1,236,317 | 6.29 | 7 / 343 | 18 | 4th | No status |
| 1961[b] | 1961–1984 | 1984–1997 | 1997[171]–2004[c] | 2004–2012[c] | 2012–present[c] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Progressive think tanks:
Factions of the NDP:
Given that the BQ and NDP are left-wing parties, both being socially progressive and economically leftist, it is not surprising to see similar trends on these dimensions.
Canada's left-wing New Democratic Party (NDP) has pulled the plug on a two-and-a-half-year-old agreement with Justin Trudeau's Liberals that had helped keep his minority government in power.
[...] and at times the left-wing New Democratic party has held the balance of power.
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CBC by-election was invoked but never defined (see thehelp page).Jagmeet Singh says he will step down as the leader of the NDP as soon as new interim leader is chosen.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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