Neuruppin is one of the largest cities in Germany in terms of area. The city of Neuruppin, 60 km (37 mi) northwest ofBerlin in the district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin (Ruppin Switzerland), consists in the south of the districts located on the shores ofRuppiner See, which is crossed by theRhin River, including the actual core city of Neuruppin and Alt Ruppin. In the north, it stretches up to the Rheinsberg Lake Region and the border withMecklenburg-Vorpommern. It is part of theStechlin-Ruppiner Land Nature Park and is connected to the Wittstock-Ruppiner Heide, which was partly used for military purposes as the Wittstock military training area.
After several annexations in 1993, Neuruppin today is one of Germany's largest municipalities by area. The following districts and residential areas belong to Neuruppin since the annexations in 1993.[3]
The prehistoric settlement of the country ranges from the MiddleStone Age through the youngerBronze Age with first Germanic, later Slavic settlements (in the old town area - including "Neuer Markt" - and in the surrounding countryside) on the shores of Lake Ruppin. In late Slavic times, this area was settled by theZamzizi tribe, whose center was probably theSlawenburg Ruppin on the island of Poggenwerder near Alt Ruppin. After theWendish Crusade in 1147 and the conquest of the land by the Germannobility, around 1200 on the Amtswerder, a peninsula next to the island of Poggenwerder, theRuppin Castle (alsoPlanenburg) was built as a largelowland castle and political center of theLordship of Ruppin. In the northern foreland a market settlement with Nikolai church developed, east of it and beyond the Rhin the Kietz: the town (Olden Ruppyn)Alt Ruppin had arisen.
Southwest of the castle town, the settlement of today's Neuruppin with Nikolaikirche (St. Nicholas' Church) and a street market was established at the beginning of the 13th century, keeping the nameRuppin.
The then (Neu-)Ruppin was a planned town foundation of the counts ofLindow-Ruppin, a collateral line of the Arnsteins, who resided in Alt Ruppin. The first documentary mention dates back to 1238. An expansion of the originalMarktsiedlung Alt Ruppin, towards the present-day city of Neuruppin, probably took place before the foundation of theDominican monastery in 1246 as the first settlement of the order between the Elbe and Oder rivers by the first priorWichmann von Arnstein. The granting of the Stendal town charter took place on March 9, 1256, by Günther von Arnstein. The city was fortified in the 13th century by palisades and a rampart-ditch system, later it was fortified by walls and rampart-ditches; 24 "Wiekhäuser" and two high towers reinforced thecity wall. In addition, there were three gates, the Altruppiner/Rheinsberger Tor in the north, the Berliner/Bechliner Tor in the south and the Seetor in the east. The complete walled enclosure occurred at the latest towards the end of the 15th century.
Neuruppin's oldest part was an elongated Anger, accompanied by two parallel streets between the southern and northern city gates, in the south on it the oldest church of Neuruppin (St. Nikolai). The main street of Neuruppin waspavement since the middle of the 16th century. Across Neuruppin, from the northwest toward the lake, ran the Klappgraben, coming from the Ruppiner Mesche, to supply the city with service water and for drainage, which was partially filled in 1537 and renewed as an open canal in Schinkelstraße after the city fire of 1787.
In theMiddle Ages, Neuruppin was one of the larger northeastern German cities. Preserved from this period are, among other things, parts of thecity wall, parts of the monastery church of St. Trinitatis (1246), St. George's Chapel (1362), theleprosorium (1490)[5] with the St. Lazarus Chapel consecrated in 1491, as well as remains of the lake district. The medieval city had a nearly square ground plan of about 700 m × 700 m, which blunts conspicuously at the eastern corner. The east-southeast side borders on the Ruppiner Lake.
In 1512, to celebrate a peace treaty,Elector Joachim I organized a three-day jousting tournament in Neuruppin. After the extinction of the Counts of Lindow-Ruppin in 1524, Neuruppin came to the ElectorJoachim I as a settledfief. TheThirty Years' War also devastated Neuruppin. In the course of theReformation, the monastery property fell to the elector around 1540. In 1564, he donated the monastery to the city. During this time, a legend depicted in the monastery church about a mouse chasing a rat, which is interpreted as a sign that the church would remainLutheran in the future.[6]
ALatin school was first documented in Neuruppin in 1365, which at times had supra-regional importance. Its history is well documented since 1477.[7] In 1777Philipp Julius Lieberkühn andJohann Stuve took over the school administration and reformed the school in theBasedowsche Sense, which received general attention.
In 1688 Neuruppin became one of the firstgarrison towns in Brandenburg. It was here thatCrown Prince Frederick was imprisoned from 1732 to 1740 after his unsuccessful escape attempt and subsequent imprisonment inKüstrin. Holder of theRegiment on Foot Crown Prince. During this time,Bernhard Feldmanncity physicist. His transcripts of historically interesting council records are considered the most important collection of sources on early town history, as the original records were destroyed in the town fire of 1787. At times the number of soldiers and civilian troop members was 1500 out of 3500 inhabitants.[8] Neuruppin only lost this status with the withdrawal of theGroup of Soviet Forces in Germany.
After 1685, FrenchHuguenots settled there. From 1740 the organ builderGottlieb Scholtze had his workshop in Neuruppin, who among other things built the organ inRheinsberg.
A break in the development of the town was the wildfire of Sunday, August 26, 1787. The fire broke out in a barn filled with grain at the Bechliner Tor in the afternoon and spread rapidly. Only two narrow areas on the eastern and western edges of the city remained. A total of 401 bourgeois houses, 159 outbuildings and outhouses, 228 stables and 38 barns, the parish church of St. Mary, the town hall, the Reformed church, and the Prince's Palace were destroyed.[9] Property damage was estimated at nearly 600,000talers. TheFire Fund replaced about 220,000 thalers, a special church collection yielded 60,000 thalers, and thePrussian Government provided 130,000 thalers of funding for the reconstruction of the city. In total, the state spent over one million thalers in the following years.
Plan of the city of Neuruppin, 1789
The city planning directorBernhard Matthias Brasch (1741-1821), who had been active in the city since 1783, implemented the specifications of the reconstruction commission and supervised the corresponding works. These took place from 1788 to 1803, following a uniformly planned ground plan.[10] Brasch's plan envisaged the expansion of the city from 46 to almost 61hectares with the removal of the ramparts between the Tempelgarten and the lake. The two north–south streets, which were close together, were united into one axis, later Karl-Marx-Strasse. A rectangular network of streets with continuous two-storytroughshouses was created. Long wide streets interrupted by statelyplazas, and houses in a transformation architecture mixing Baroque, Mannerist and Gothic design elements with Neoclassical trends,[11][12] have shaped the townscape since that time. These urban reform principles are well recognizable. Thus, with the reconstruction, a classicist city layout unique in this originality was created. The reconstruction was already completed in 1803. Only the completion of the parish church of St. Mary (built 1801-1806 byPhilipp Bernard François Berson with the collaboration ofCarl Ludwig Engel) dragged on until 1806 due to structural problems.
After the disastrous fire in 1787, the neo-classicism of the rebuilt town's buildings have characterised its townscape to the present day. It remained a garrison town until the late 20th century, since Soviet troops were stationed here until 1993; during this time, there were as many Soviet soldiers as inhabitants in Neuruppin.
Johann Bernhard Kühn (1750-1826) began producing picture sheets in Neuruppin, thematically designed and for a long time as hand-colored broadsides. His sonGustav Kühn (1794-1868) achieved print runs of sometimes over three million copies per year (e.g., theFranco-Prussian War of 1870/71). The prints became known worldwide with the inscriptionNeu-Ruppin, zu haben bei Gustav Kühn. Three other companies produced the popular picture sheets:Philipp Oehmigke,Hermann Riemschneider, andFriedrich Wilhelm Bergemann. All three picture sheet producers managed to hold their own in the German picture sheet manufacturer competition (more than 60 companies throughout Germany) and to occupy the leading positions for a long time.
From 1815 to 1945, Neuruppin was part of thePrussianProvince of Brandenburg. In September 1820, theInfantry Regiment 24 came to Neuruppin with its staff and two battalions, while theFusilier Battalion took up garrison in Prenzlau.[13] The regiment had been raised elsewhere in 1813, and had participated in the wars of liberation and the occupation of France. Initially, the regiment was housed in Neuruppin burghers' quarters.
In 1877, the organ builderAlbert Hollenbach set up his workshop in Neuruppin. His works include organs in the churches of the districts of Bechlin, Buskow, Karwe, Nietwerder and Storbeck as well as the Siechenhauskapelle in the old town of Neuruppin. After 1880, Neuruppin became the center of a branch line network, which was operated by theRuppiner Eisenbahn AG until 1945. This radiated to Fehrbellin-Paulinenaue (1880), Kremmen-Berlin and Wittstock-Meyenburg (1899), and Neustadt and Herzberg respectively (1905). For this purpose, a railroad embankment was built across the Ruppiner See, cutting across the lake 2.5 kilometers from the north shore in an east–west direction.
In 1893, the Neuruppin State Lunatic Asylum was built on the southern edge of the central city.
Fire extinguishers have been manufactured in Neuruppin since 1905. Minimax fire extinguishers in particular quickly became widespread due to their ease of use. DuringWorld War I, an aviation squadron was stationed in Neuruppin and an airfield was established.[8] In 1921, an open-air settlement was founded in the Gildenhall district by master builder and settlement engineer Georg Heyer (1880-1944), whose goal was to gather artists and artisans to live and work together in order to create and produce everyday products affordable to all and in artisanal form. It attracted many renowned artists and artisans, and existed until 1929.
In 1926, the road next to the railroad embankment across Lake Ruppin was completed. The settlements Gildenhall and Kolonie Wuthenow thus received a direct connection to Neuruppin. In 1929, these settlements were incorporated, after the Treskow estate district had already been incorporated in 1928.[9]
After theNazis seized power in June 1933, more than 80 political opponents of the regime, mainlySocial Democrats,Jews, andCommunists, were taken to a provisional prison run by theSA within the buildings of a brewery on Altruppiner Allee, which had been shut down at that time. SA members tortured and mistreated many of the prisoners here. They are commemorated by a memorial stone created during theSoviet occupation in 1947 and by the ensemble of figures created in 1981 at the behest of theSED district leadership, which replaced the original memorial on Schulplatz.
Neuruppin emergency money from 1923 with city motifs
In 1934, the Neuruppin military airfield was revived as theFliegerschule Neuruppin.
The city's approximately 90 Jewish citizens were persecuted, deported, and murdered during the Nazi era. Their Old Cemetery, established in 1824, was treated relatively leniently; preserved Jewish gravestones were moved to the New Cemetery (Protestant Cemetery) by order of the then regimental commander of theWehrmacht,Paul von Hase. Since November 17, 2003,Stolpersteine ("stumbling stones") markers in the core city and in Alt-Ruppin have commemorated the murdered Jewish residents.[14]
For theAktion T4 mass murder campaign of those deemed physically infirm during the National Socialist era, the Neuruppin State Lunatic Asylum served as an intermediate facility for theBrandenburg Euthanasia Centre and theBernburg Euthanasia Centre. Therefore, the number of patients increased from 1,971 on January 1, 1937, to 4,197 on April 1, 1940. In 1941, only 1,147 of the 1,797 planned beds were still occupied. In 1943, the greater part of the patients were transferred to other institutions inAktion Brandt.[15] The hospital was also partly used as a reserve hospital duringWorld War II. After 1945, parts of the facility served as a district hospital. On September 20, 2004, six Stolpersteine were laid on the grounds of the Ruppiner Kliniken in memory of the euthanasia victims of the former state lunatic asylum.[14]
On May 1, 1945,Soviet forces reached Neuruppin and prepared to shell the city from the opposite shore of the lake. However, an unknown person managed to raise a white flag on the tower of the monastery church, and the same happened at the parish church. This prevented any destruction.[16] A Soviet cemetery of honor was established north of the Rheinsberger Tor train station, where more than 220 Soviet soldiers were buried.[17]
Neuruppin became one of the largest garrisons of theGroup of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSSD).[17] The Soviet forces used the military airfield located immediately north of the central city, whose operation caused considerable noise pollution in the city. In 1989, massive demonstrations by Neuruppin residents in connection with plans for the continued use of the Wittstock military training and air-to-ground firing range led to the closure of the airfield.
Until about 1950, the theater Die neue Bühne was located in the city center. It was operated as part of the state association of the German People's Stage and had up to 95 employees.[18]
In 1951, the Elektro-Physikalische Werkstätten was founded in Neuruppin as a producer of electronic components. From 1970, they were expanded as Elektro-Physikalische Werke (EPW) to become the largestprinted circuit board manufacturer in theGDR, employing up to 3,500 workers.[19] Later, the plant was an integral part of the Kombinat Mikroelektronik. In the GDR era, the children'ssummer campFrohe Zukunft DDR was located in Gühlen-Glinicke.
In 1952, Neuruppin became the district town of the district of the same name inBezirk Potsdam as a result of the GDR district reform.
As a result of the fall of theBerlin Wall and the peaceful revolution in the GDR, the state ofBrandenburg was reestablished in 1990, while the district of Neuruppin remained in existence for the time being.
Plans for the development of a modern district town with up to 100,000 inhabitants were made from the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s. The basis for this was the planned industrial and administrative development of the district town of Neuruppin. Beginning in the 1970s, VEB Elektrophysikalische Werke Neuruppin was established to handle all printed circuit board production for the GDR's microelectronics and entertainment technology industries. The VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerke Neuruppin, as the main producer of hand-held fire extinguishers for the Eastern Bloc countries united in theCMEA, and the Volkseigene Backwarenkombinat, as the main producer of all kinds of baked goods for the district town and the district of Neuruppin, were expanded considerably.
All this required the influx of highly qualified management, research, and development personnel as well as many thousands of workers. The resident core population of Neuruppin until the end of the 1960s was not sufficient for this. Planning also took into account Neuruppin's convenient location at the intersection of four important branch lines of the Deutsche Reichsbahn with favorable north–south connections for freight and passenger traffic and the Berlin-Rostock/Hamburg highway (now theA24 andA19), which was in planning and later under construction. The plans for a socialist district town included the construction of several residential complexes outside the town's settlement area, which existed until 1968, and the transformation of the old town, which was located outside the medieval city walls. Due to the dwindling economic power of the socialist planned economy of the GDR, only the following urban development projects were implemented from the 1970s onwards:
Construction of the "VEB Elektrophysikalische Werke Neuruppin".
Construction of the "Volkseigene Kombinat Backwaren Neuruppin" (People's Own Bakery Combine Neuruppin)
Expansion of the "VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Neuruppin" (VEB fire extinguisher plant)
1961: Construction of the polyclinic (Neustädter Straße) for medical care
1970-1974: Construction of the housing complex (WK) I Junckerstraße / Thomas-Mann-Straße / Franz-Maecker-Straße (GDR housing construction series IW 64 type Brandenburg / Markkleeberg)
1970-1972: Construction of the road axes E-Strasse (initially without a name E-Strasse = relief road around the city center, since 1973 Heinrich-Rau-Strasse) and the feeder roads north and south to the highway (today A 24),
1972: Establishment of a public transport system that still operates according to a regular timetable through the Neuruppin city bus line.
1972-1974: Construction of the housing complex (WK) II Hermann-Matern-Straße / Erich-Schulz-Straße / August-Fischer-Straße / Anna-Hausen-Straße (GDR housing series IW 64 type Brandenburg / Markkleeberg)
1970-1974: construction and opening of children's combinations (crèche and kindergarten) in housing complexes I and II, construction and opening ofPolytechnic Secondary School Theodor Fontane / Karl-Liebknecht andExtended Secondary School Karl-Friedrich Schinkel, opening of department stores in housing complexes I and II
1978-1980: Expansion of residential complex I through gap construction (GDR housing construction seriesWBS 70) between WK I (Junckerstraße) and WK II (Hermann-Matern-Straße), as of 1982, the addition of delicatessen, fruit and vegetable store and residential area restaurant in combination withFDJ youth club 019 (today club disco and night bar "Club 019"), construction of the community center in residential complex II as a residential area restaurant, event hall and student dining hall of the POS Theodor Fontane / Karl Liebknecht
1980-1991: Construction of the residential complex III (GDR housing construction series WBS 70) Heinrich-Rau-Straße / Bruno-Salvat-Straße / Otto-Grotewohl-Straße / Otto-Winzer-Straße / Rudolf-Wendt-Straße, partly with apartments for senior citizens.
Neuruppin city hall
The historic old town of Neuruppin was spared further redesigns during GDR times for reasons of cost. The construction of a four-lane expressway following the model of anautomotive city - leading from Fehrbelliner Strasse along the present Regattastrasse via Bollwerk, crossing Seedamm / Steinstrasse, in the direction of Wittstocker Allee[20] - was opposed by financial constraints in the GDR. The relocation of the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk Neuruppin and the compensation for the areas and buildings between Bollwerk and the VEB Feuerlöschgerätewerk which had been taken up by the Soviet Army, did not help the economic power of the GDR in the mid-1970s.
Neuruppin grew from a small town with about 18,000 inhabitants to 33,000 inhabitants between 1970 and 1989 through the settlement and expansion of technology and industry, which was economically significant for the GDR and the RGW states and as exports to the NSW (non-socialist economic area) in exchange for foreign currency, due to an influx of differently educated people from all parts of the GDR. Added to this were the many foreign workers and apprentices from the allied socialist states of Vietnam, Angola, Cuba, and the Soviet armed forces stationed there with around 12,000 men (including their families). Thus, a diverse population developed in the newhousing complex developments I to III.
For reasons of cost, the old town of Neuruppin was spared the planned modern redesigns, but it deteriorated noticeably by the end of the 1970s. Beginning in the 1980s, the SED of the GDR began to reflect on the cities' historical past. Thus, from 1980 to 1986, the old town of Neuruppin was redeveloped according to the classicist model with the cooperation of then-mayor Harald Lemke.
Contrary to the trend after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 in the state of Brandenburg, no residential buildings were demolished in residential complexes I to III. All apartments in residential complexes I to III Neuruppin are 100% in municipal or cooperative management (statistics as of 2015) and 99% are rented.
When the new districts were formed, which came into effect on December 6, 1993, the district of Neuruppin was absorbed into the district ofOstprignitz-Ruppin. On the same day, Neuruppin was significantly enlarged by incorporating the town of Alt Ruppin as well as the communities of Buskow, Gnewikow, Gühlen-Glienicke, Karwe, Krangen, Lichtenberg, Molchow, Nietwerder, Radensleben, Stöffin, Wulkow and Wuthenow. Until 1991, Neuruppin was still the location of the 12th Soviet Armored Division. The barracks were later converted into residential buildings as part of theExpo 2000 outdoor project. Parts of the airfield are now still used forgliding.
In 1996, the then Neuruppin Regional Clinic and the District Hospital passed into the ownership of the Ostprignitz-Ruppin district as parts of the Ruppiner Kliniken GmbH. The Ruppiner Kliniken are thus one of the largest regional employers.[21] TheProtestant church districts of Ruppin andWittstock/Dosse merged in 1998, and Neuruppin lost the seat of thesuperintendent to Wittstock as a result.
On March 11, 1998, the city was awarded the additional designation of Fontanestadt.[22] On January 1, 2001, the focal public prosecutor's office forcorruption was established in Neuruppin as the successor to the department for GDR injustices and district crime. It is responsible for corruption offenses throughout the state of Brandenburg.[23][24]
On September 7, 2002, the 7th Brandenburg Day was held in Neuruppin with approximately 230,000 visitors. In response to theElbe flood in July 2002 in Saxony, numerous artists such asUdo Lindenberg andGerhard Schöne donated their fees in support of the flood victims.[25] In May 2009, it became public knowledge for the first time that the groundwater under a new development area at Ruppiner See was contaminated withhalogenated hydrocarbons. The district of Ostprignitz-Ruppin, as the responsible environmental authority, admitted to having known about the environmental contamination since 1999 through measurements taken during earlier construction projects.[26]
On May 12, 2011, the iodine-containing thermal brine pool in Neuruppin received the first state recognition of amedicinal spring in the state of Brandenburg.[27] The thermal brine pool is used by the Fontane-Therme on the edge of the old town for wellness operations and heating purposes.
Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time ofNazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communistEast Germany)
Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to theCensus in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005–2030 (yellow line); for 2017–2030 (scarlet line); for 2020–2030 (green line)
Neuruppin: Population development within the current boundaries (2020)[28]
The city council of Neuruppin comprises 30 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The municipal election on May 26, 2019, with a voter turnout of 49.0%, resulted in the following:[32]
TheAfD accounted for four seats in line with its share of the vote, two of which remain unoccupied because the party nominated only two candidates. The CDU and FDP have joined forces to form a parliamentary group, as have Bündnis 90/Die Grünen and the voters' group Kreisbauernverband.
In 2004, Neuruppin made headlines for corruption andnepotism. In view of the growing scandals in local politics, the city acquired derogatory nicknames such as "Märkisches Palermo" or "Klein Palermo"[36] and "Korruppin" as it struggled with battling corruption.[37][38]
The former CDU city councilor Olaf Kamrath was legally sentenced in 2006 as the head of the XY gang to many years in prison for, among other things, gang-related narcotics offences.[37] In 2007, the verdict against former city councilor Reinhard Sommerfeld (Neuruppiner Initiative) was the only legally binding conviction of an elected official in Germany for bribery of members of parliament to date.[39] The former state parliament member Otto Sommerfeld was convicted ofbribery of members of parliament.
On May 15, 2008, former state parliament member Otto Theel (Die Linke) was given a nine-month suspended prison sentence for taking advantage in office during his term as mayor of Neuruppin. He subsequently resigned his seat in the state parliament.[40] In September 2008, Sparkasse Ostprignitz-Ruppin parted ways with its previous CEO Josef Marckhoff, who had his employer throw him a circa 55,000 euro celebration to mark his own 60th birthday. The date coincided with the company's 160th anniversary.[37]
The former managing director of the municipal public utility company Neuruppin Dietmar Lenz was sentenced to a suspended prison sentence of two years on March 19, 2009, on charges of a serious breach of trust and acceptance of benefits, having spent more than 500,000 euros bypassing the supervisory board to support the sports clubMSV Neuruppin. At the end of 2009 he committed suicide.[41] A citizens' initiative initiated with the help of the two relevantly previously convicted Otto Theel and Reinhard Sommerfeld a deselection petition against Mayor Jens-Peter Golde. Golde was accused by the citizens' petition "Kein weiter so!" of lacking leadership quality, failing to fulfill his election program and endangering jobs in Neuruppin. It failed by its own account in February 2010 with 5079 of the required 5300 signatures.[38][42]
As of January 1, 2016, Neuruppin became the sixth corporate municipal member ofTransparency International, along with Bonn, Hamm (Westphalia), Potsdam, Leipzig, and Halle (Saale).[43]
In the run-up to a planned demonstration ofradical right-wing groups in the core city of Neuruppin on September 1, 2007, the non-partisan action allianceNeuruppin bleibt bunt formed and organized a counter-event with about 1000 participants.[44][45] On September 5, 2009, in view of another planned demonstration of radical right-wing groups, the action alliance organized a series of actions for civil courage along the demonstration route.[46] On March 27, 2010, Neuruppin bleibt bunt organized the democracy festival Demokratie im Quadrat with 2,000 participants in the face of a demonstration march by the radical right-wing Freie Kräfte Neuruppin with 350 participants.[47]
On June 6, 2011, the action alliance received theBand für Mut und Verständigung award for its work. In November 2011, a party convention of theNPD took place in Neuruppin under protest ofNeuruppin bleibt bunt against the will of the city.[48] The action alliance was able, through broad civil society engagement, with cultural stage program on the school square and a blockade for the first time to stop the so-called "Day of the German Future". The far-right Freie Kräfte Neuruppin/Osthavelland had organized the demonstration for June 6, 2015.[49]
In § 2 para 1 and 2 of the main statutes of the city of Neuruppin[50] states:
The city has been granted the right to bear a coat of arms by a document of the Prussian State Ministry dated June 22, 1928.
The coat of arms was confirmed on March 31, 2003.
Blazon: "In blue a silver castle with two pinned, two-storey towers with two superimposed black gates and gold-knobbed, red pointed roofs; the central building with three turrets and a black gate, which is covered by a red triangular shield, topped with a gold-armed and gold-tongued silver eagle.".[51] The eagle is the heraldic animal of theArnstein noble family.[52]
^The infirmary hospital served, among other things, the treatment of lepers. See also the data of the Gesellschaft für Leprakunde with an overview of all medieval leprosoriums in Berlin and Brandenburg athttp://www.muenster.org/lepramuseum/tab-bra.htm
^Theodor Fontane (1892-03-09), "Neuruppin – 1. Ein Gang durch die Stadt. Die Klosterkirche.",Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg – Erster Teil: Die Grafschaft Ruppin (in German), Berlin{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Heinrich Begemann:Die Lehrer der Lateinischen Schule zu Neuruppin 1477-1817. Beilage zum Jahresbericht Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gymnasium zu Neuruppin, Neuruppin, 1914.
^abMario Alexander Zadow (2001),Karl Friedrich Schinkel – Ein Sohn der Spätaufklärung (in German), Stuttgart/London: Edition Axel Menges,ISBN3-932565-23-1
^Ulrich Reinisch:The Reconstruction of the City of Neuruppin after the Great Fire of 1787 or: how the Prussian bureaucracy built a city. Reconstructed and explained according to the files = Forschungen und Beiträge zur Denkmalpflege im Land Brandenburg 3.Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 2001. ISBN 978-3-88462-173-8
^Ulrich Reinisch (2001),Der Wiederaufbau der Stadt Neuruppin nach dem grossen Brand 1787 oder wie die preussische Bürokratie eine Stadt baute (in German), Berlin, pp. 190-199,ISBN3-88462-173-4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Brigitte Meier (2004),Fontanestadt Neuruppin: Kulturgeschichte einer märkischen Mittelstadt (in German), Karwe: Edition Rieger, p. 131,ISBN978-3-935231-59-6
^Gemeindekirchenrat Neuruppin, ed. (1986-12-15),Die Pfarrkirche St. Marien zu Neuruppin - Ihre Zerstörung vor 200 Jahren und ihr Neubau (in German), Neuruppin{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^Verleihung der Zusatzbezeichnung Fontanestadt. Bekanntmachung des Ministeriums des Innern vom 11. März 1998. Amtsblatt für Brandenburg Gemeinsames Ministerialblatt für das Land Brandenburg, 9. Jahrgang, Nummer 13, 9. April 1998, S. 407
^"Schwerpunktstaatsanwaltschaft für Korruption Neuruppin",Ruppiner Anzeiger (in German), 2011-01-25
^"Der traditionelle Brandenburg-Tag". Archived from the original on 2014-02-24. Retrieved2022-08-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), retrieved 28 February 2010.
^Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (Hrsg.):Statistischer Bericht A I 7, A II 3, A III 3. Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Bevölkerungsstand im Land Brandenburg (jeweilige Ausgaben des Monats Dezember)
^"Hauptsatzung der Stadt Neuruppin. (PDF)"(PDF). Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved2022-08-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) Fontanestadt Neuruppin, 8 July 2005 in Gestalt der 3. Änderungssatzung 6 March 2007: retrieved 30 December 2009.
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