Netrokona District নেত্রকোণা জেলা | |
|---|---|
     Clockwise from top-left:Durgapur Upazila, Teligati-Atpara road, Birishiri lake, Bridge at Boali, Royal Fort atKendua Upazila | |
 Location of Netrokona District in Bangladesh | |
 Expandable map of Netrokona District | |
| Coordinates:24°53′N90°44′E / 24.88°N 90.73°E /24.88; 90.73 | |
| Country |  Bangladesh |
| Division | Mymensingh |
| Headquarters | Netrokona |
| Government | |
| • Deputy Commissioner | Anjana Khan Majlis |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,794.28 km2 (1,078.88 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 2,324,853 |
| • Density | 832.004/km2 (2,154.88/sq mi) |
| Demonym(s) | Netrokoni, Netrokonese |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 (BST) |
| Postal code | 2400 |
| Area code | 0951 |
| ISO 3166 code | BD-41 |
| Website | www |
Netrokona District, also speltNetrakona District (Bengali:নেত্রকোণা জেলা), is a district ofMymensingh Division in north-easternBangladesh.
The name Netrokona (IAST: Netrakona) is commonly understood to derive from twoSanskrit words:Netra, meaning eye andKoṇa, meaning corner. The name is thought to refer to the distinctive, eye-shaped outline of the town formed by the course of the Mogra River. The earliest use of the name is uncertain, though references to Netrokona appear in the medieval folk-ballad cycleMaimansingha Gitika.
Netrokona is situated in the northern part of Bangladesh, along the border with the Indian state of Meghalaya. There are five main rivers in Netrokona:Kangsha,Someshawri, Dhala, Magra, and Teorkhali. It is a part of theSurma-Meghna River System. The southeastern part of the district becomes a haor during the monsoon, while the north and west is largely alluvial plains.[3] In the north, there are some foothills of theGaro Hills.
The total area of Netrokona District is 2,744.28 km2 (1,059.57 sq mi) of which 9.17 km2 (3.54 sq mi) is under forest. It lies between 24°34’ and 25°12’ north latitudes and between 90°00’ and 91°07’ east longitudes.[4]
Netrokona District is bounded by theGaro Hills inMeghalaya, India in the north,Sunamganj District in the east,Kishoreganj District in the south andMymensingh District in the west.[4]Netrokona Pouroshabha is a municipal town, established in 1887 and with 13.63 km2.
Netrokona's history is tied to the Mymensingh region. Its early history is not well-known. It likely came under theKamrupa in the ancient period and was ruled byKoch chieftains until the arrival of Islam.[5]
Traditions in Netrokona tell ofShah Sultan Rumi who migrated to Madanpur in Atpara Upazila in 1053 CE where he preached the religion ofIslam to the local people and converted the Koch king Ganesh, well before Muslim rule in the region. He is believed to have been the earliest Sufi saint to have visited Bengal. The region was eventually was captured by the Sultans of Bengal. They built several forts to control the area, such as the Ruaylbari Fort in present-dayKendua upazila, but the region was long out of direct rule. Khaliajuri in the Haor region was long ruled by a series of Hindu chieftains into the Mughal period. The region was part of the domains of Isa Khan before the Mughal conquest, when it was made part of the sarkar of Bazuha. During theMughal period, a three-domed mosque was constructed in modern-dayAtpara.[5]
In 1880, theBritish Raj approved the area as amahakuma administrative region.[5] It was effective on 3 January 1882 when the region was officially named asNetrakona Mahakuma before that it was named by Kaliganj. During the British period, Shyam Biswas, aBengali Hinduzamindar, was noted to be very cruel and abusive towards the inhabitants living in his land. He had certain regulations, such as no one passing his front yard wearing shoes or slippers. Social reformers from the village ofAmati, Sonafor Uddin, Muktul Husayn Khan, Shariat Khan, Anfar Uddin, Manfar Uddin and Jafar Uddin organised people against this humiliation, rising against Biswas. Their revolution was soon followed in other parts of the district.
During theBangladesh War of Independence, pro-independence militants attackedAtpara Thana on 19 August 1971. They murdered the Officer-in-Charge of the thana as well as a number ofRazakars, and they also looted arms and ammunition from the Thana. On 7 October, a battle was fought in Atpara, leading to the death of three more Razakars.
TheGovernment of Bangladesh underHussain Muhammad Ershad converted Netrakona Mahakuma to Netrokona District on 17 January 1984.[4]
Netrokona district is divided into tenupazilas.[6]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1974 | 1,211,792 | — |
| 1981 | 1,442,142 | +2.52% |
| 1991 | 1,730,935 | +1.84% |
| 2001 | 1,988,188 | +1.40% |
| 2011 | 2,229,642 | +1.15% |
| 2022 | 2,324,853 | +0.38% |
| Sources:[2][4] | ||
According to the2022 Census of Bangladesh, Netrokona District had 548,443 households and a population of 2,324,853 with an average 4.19 people per household. Among the population, 500,240 (21.51%) inhabitants were under 10 years of age. The population density was 847 people per km2. Netrokona District had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 66.25%, compared to the national average of 74.80%, and a sex ratio of 1040 females per 1000 males. Approximately, 15.50% (360,293) of the population lived in urban areas. The ethnic population was 21,605 (0.93%), mainlyGaro andHajong.[2]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islam | 90.46% | |||
| Hinduism | 8.72% | |||
| Christianity | 0.76% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.06% | |||
| Religion | 1941[7]: 96–97 [a] | 1981[4] | 1991[4] | 2001[4] | 2011[4] | 2022[8] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Islam | 578,501 | 70.71% | 1,245,140 | 86.34% | 1,517,751 | 87.68% | 1,762,534 | 88.65% | 2,001,732 | 89.78% | 2,103,091 | 90.46% |
Hinduism | 219,633 | 26.85% | 174,624 | 12.11% | 189,082 | 10.92% | 204,329 | 10.28% | 207,430 | 9.30% | 202,648 | 8.72% |
| Tribal religion[b] | 18,301 | 2.24% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Christianity | 1,578 | 0.19% | 18,871 | 1.31% | 19,994 | 1.16% | 18,905 | 0.95% | 18,200 | 0.82% | 17,699 | 0.76% |
| Others[c] | 73 | 0.01% | 3,507 | 0.24% | 4,108 | 0.24% | 2,420 | 0.12% | 2,280 | 0.11% | 1,415 | 0.06% |
| Total Population | 818,086 | 100% | 1,442,142 | 100% | 1,730,935 | 100% | 1,988,188 | 100% | 2,229,642 | 100% | 2,324,853 | 100% |
The district of Netrakona consists of 3146 mosques, 958 temples, 183 churches and eightBuddhist temples. Hindus are most concentrated in the haor region bordering Sylhet.[4] The population of minorities has declined from 2011-2021.[2]
Bengalis are the dominant group present. The ethnic minority population is 21,605 (0.93%), of which 16,064 areGaro, 4,327Hajong and 554 Hudi.[8]
The economy of Netrakona is largely agrarian. Susang Durgapur, an Upazila of Netrakona, is one of the major sources of the country's China-Clay used for ceramic products. Its vast water bodies (Haor) provide a wide variety of fish. Bara Bazar and Choto Bazar is commerce centre of Netrakona.
| Barisal Division |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Chittagong Division | ||
| Dhaka Division | ||
| Khulna Division | ||
| Mymensingh Division | ||
| Rajshahi Division | ||
| Rangpur Division | ||
| Sylhet Division | ||
Capital:Netrokona | ||
| Upazilas |  | |
| Constituencies | ||
| Attractions and sites | ||
| History | ||
| Inhabited areas | ||
| Rivers | ||
| Educational institutions | ||
| Transport | ||
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Data from Wikidata| International | |
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| National | |
| Other | |
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