Nepali Communist Party नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | NCP (English) नेकपा (Nepali) |
| Presidium | Secretariat of the NCP |
| Coordinator | Pushpa Kamal Dahal |
| Co-coordinator | Madhav Kumar Nepal |
| Founded | 5 November 2025 (2025-11-05) |
| Merger of |
|
| Headquarters | Tinkune,Kathmandu |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Left-wing tofar-left |
| Colors | Red |
| Anthem | "The Internationale" |
| ECN Status | National Party |
| House of Representatives | (Dissolved) |
| National Assembly | 26 / 59 |
| Provincial Assemblies | 107 / 550 |
| Chief Ministers | 1 / 7 |
| Mayors/Chairs | 146 / 753 |
| Councillors | 6,030 / 35,011 |
| Election symbol | |
 | |
| Party flag | |
.svg) | |
TheNepali Communist Party (NCP;Nepali:नेपाली कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी,romanized: Nēpāli kamyuniṣṭa pārṭī) is a major communistparty in Nepal.[1][2] A unity conference was held on 5 November 2025, at Bhrikutimandap which declared the party's formation through merger of tenleftist parties and groups. The merger includes theCPN (Maoist Centre),CPN (Unified Socialist), Jana Samajbadi Party,Nepal Samajbadi Party, the Biplav-split CPN, CPN Samajbadi, CPN (Maoist Samajbadi), CPN (Samyabadi), and the Deshbhakta Samajbadi Morcha led byGopal Kiranti.[3] The unification was completed by the Party Unification Coordination Committee after a month of negotiation. The two major predecessor parties subsequently dissolved, making way for the new united party. The party adopted star as their electoral symbol.[4]
Upon creation, the party is the largest political party in theNational Assembly and largest communist party in theprovincial assemblies ofBagmati,Karnali andSudurpashchim Province.[5] Former prime minister of NepalPushpa Kamal Dahal serves as coordinator andMadhav Kumar Nepal serves as the joint coordinator of the party while former prime ministerJhalanath Khanal remains on third rank.[6][7]
The CPN (Maoist Centre) had called formed a task force in 2023 to unify splinter communist groups and launched formal and informal talks with theNepal Socialist Party andCommunist Party Nepal to bring back the splinter groups into the party..[8][9][10][11]
TheCPN (Unififed Socialist) which was formed after a split withCPN (UML) merged with theCPN (Unity National Campaign), another splinter group from the CPN (UML), in July 2025.[12] The party also held talks with the CPN (Maoist Centre) but the merger between the two parties failed to materialize.[13]
TheSocialist Front was a political alliance formed byCPN (Maoist Centre),People's Socialist Party, Nepal,CPN (Unified Socialist),Communist Party Nepal in 2023 with the goal of strengthening the socialist movement in the country.[14] The front remained largely inactive until CPN (Maoist Centre) chairmanPushpa Kamal Dahal resigned as prime minister in July 2024. The People's Socialist Party, Nepal left the front while a faction ofNepal Socialist Party led-byMahindra Ray Yadav joined the front.[15]
Following the2025 Gen Z protests, the CPN (Maoist Centre) intensified calls for a broader leftist unity within the country and dissolved its Central Committee to hold a general convention.[16][17][18] In November 2025, the Central Committee of the CPN (Unified Socialist) formally endorsed the unification proposal with a majority and the Secretariat of the CPN (Maoist Centre) also decided to advance with the unification.[19][20] Following the decision the two parties along with theNepal Socialist Party, CPN (Socialist), Jana Samajbadi party, CPN (Maoist–Socialist), CPN (Samyabadi) and a faction of theCommunist Party Nepal signed an agreement to unify their parties.[21] The decision to merge was opposed by a faction of the CPN (Unified Socialist) led general secretaryGhanashyam Bushal who decided to reconstitute the party and byJanardhan Sharma andRam Karki of the CPN (Maoist Centre) who formed theProgressive Campaign Nepal.[22]
The unification was formally concluded on 5 November 2025, with the unified party being called the Nepali Communist Party with Pushpa Kamal Dahal acting as the coordinator of the party and Madhav Kumar Nepal as the co-cordinator.[22][23]
The Nepali Communist Party (NCP) and the Matrubhumi Jagaran Abhiyan Nepal have signed a seven-point agreement, on 12 November 2025, paving the way for unity of the two political organisations. It was signed by NCP Coordinators Pushpa Kamal Dahal ‘Prachanda’ and Madhav Kumar Nepal, and Matrubhumi Jagaran Abhiyan Coordinator Dr. Bhim Rawal.[24]
As part of the original merger agreement, the party's ideology consisted ofMarxism–Leninism and support for amulti-party system in Nepal, while the party itself remains officiallysecular and governed bydemocratic centralism. The party also favorssocialism-oriented people's democracy in the short-term that would eventually lead into communism.[4]
| Elections | Pratinidhi Sabha | Rastriya Sabha | Government | Party leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 42 / 275 | 26 / 59 | Opposition | Bam Dev Gautam |
| Province | Seats | Size |
|---|---|---|
| Koshi | 17 / 93 | Third largest |
| Madhesh | 16 / 107 | Fourth largest |
| Bagmati | 28 / 110 | Second largest |
| Gandaki | 8 / 60 | Third largest |
| Lumbini | 10 / 87 | Third largest |
| Karnali | 14 / 40 | Second largest |
| Sudurpashchim | 15 / 53 | Second largest |
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