Nemyriv Немирів | |
|---|---|
 Scherbatova Palace | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Peace Island City | |
  Nemyriv Location of Nemyriv Show map of Vinnytsia Oblast Nemyriv Nemyriv (Ukraine) Show map of Ukraine | |
| Coordinates:48°58′N28°51′E / 48.967°N 28.850°E /48.967; 28.850 | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Vinnytsia Oblast |
| Raion | Vinnytsia Raion |
| Hromada | Nemyriv urban hromada |
| First mentioned | 1506 |
| Magdeburg rights | 1581 |
| City Status | 28 August 1985 |
| Area | |
• Total | 10.923 km2 (4.217 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
• Total | 11,421 |
| • Density | 1,045.6/km2 (2,708.1/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 22800-22805 |
| Area code | +380 4331 |
| Website | nemyriv-mrada |
Nemyriv (Ukrainian:Немирів[neˈmɪr⁽ʲ⁾iu̯]ⓘ;Polish:Niemirów) is a historic city inVinnytsia Oblast (province) inUkraine, located in the historical region ofPodolia. It was theadministrative center of formerNemyriv Raion (district). Population:11,421 (2022 estimate).[1]
Nemyriv is one of the oldest cities in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It was founded by Prince Nemyr in 1390.[citation needed] It is a minor industrial center.
The distiller company that produces UkrainianNemiroff (Russian spelling) vodka is located in Nemyriv.
The town's tourist attractions include a late 19th-centurypalace (which belonged to theHouse of Potocki) and a park complex.
Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1506–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569–1672
Ottoman Empire 1672–1699
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1699–1793
Russian Empire 1793–1917
Soviet Ukraine 1920–1922
Soviet Union 1922–1991
Nemyriv was built on the site of ancientScythian settlementMyriv, destroyed during theMongol invasion of Rus'. The settlement was re-established at the end of the 14th century and the first written mention of the city under its modern name in 1506.
Nemyriv ultimately derives from theSlavicgiven nameNiemir. It was aprivate town ofPoland, owned by the families ofZbaraski andPotocki. Polish KingStanisław August Poniatowski visited the Potocki Palace.
Notable events ofCossack wars took place in the town through 17th century and the city was captured byAndrii Abazyn between 1702 and 1704.[2]
In 1737, an abortive congress was held in Nemyriv, aimed at the conclusion of peace between the emperors ofRussia,Austria-Hungary, andOttoman Turkey, and bringing an end to theRusso-Turkish War of 1735–39.
BeforeWorld War II, Nemyriv had a largeJewish community. During theKhmelnytsky Uprising a massacre of Jews took place in Nemyriv. The town fell to the Cossacks on 10 June 1648, and the non-Jewish townspeople betrayed the Jews to the Cossacks.[3] The massacre was significant enough to Polish-Lithuanian Jewry that theCouncil of Four Lands marked the Jewish date of the massacre, 20 Sivan, as a day of remembrance for all the dead from the Khmelnytsky Uprising.[4] The Hasidic RabbiJacob Joseph of Polonne was appointed as rabbi in Nemyriv after he leftRashkov, during the 3rd quarter of the 18th century.[5][6] By the 19th century it had become one of the centers ofBreslov Hasidism, being the birthplace and home ofNathan of Breslov ("Reb Noson"), the foremost disciple and scribe ofrebbeNachman of Breslov. After Nachman's death in 1810, Reb Noson moved toBratslav to disseminate and publish his teachings from there. The city acted as a center of Jewish studies and linked with several Rabbi, such asYom-Tov Lipmann Heller andJehiel Michel ben Eliezer.[7]Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller once chief Rabbi ofVienna andPrague was the Chief Rabbi of Nemyriv from 1631 to 1634.
By September 1941, the German kept the Jews of the city prisoners in aghetto, where they were put to work, constructing the road from Nemyriv toHaisyn. On November 24, 1941, anEinsatzgruppen massacred 2,680 Jews in pits in the Polish cemetery. On June 26, 1942, the ghetto was liquidated. The Jews were driven into thesynagogue, where 200 to 300 young and strong men and women were selected and sent to a labor camp. The rest, perhaps as many as 500, were shot behind the Polish cemetery in pits that had been dug in advance.[8]
