Necip Fazıl Kısakürek | |
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.jpg) Necip Fazıl in the 1950s | |
| Born | Ahmed Necib (1904-05-26)May 26, 1904 |
| Died | May 25, 1983(1983-05-25) (aged 78) Istanbul, Turkey |
| Spouse | Neslihan Kısakürek[1] |
| Children | 5(b. 1943)[2] |
| Philosophical work | |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Islamic philosophy |
| School | Sufism |
| Main interests | Poetry,politics,literature |
| Notable ideas | Founder of Büyük Doğu |
| Signature | |
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Ahmet Necip Fazıl Kısakürek (May 26, 1904 – May 25, 1983) was aTurkish poet, novelist, playwright,Islamistideologue,[3][4][5] andconspiracy theorist.[6][7] He is also known simply by his initialsNFK. He was noticed by theFrench philosopherHenri Bergson, who later became his teacher.
In his own words, he was born in "a huge mansion inÇemberlitaş, on one of the streets descending towardsSultanahmet" in 1904. His father was Abdülbaki Fazıl Bey who held several posts including deputy judge in Bursa, public prosecutor in Gebze and finally, judge in Kadıköy. His mother was an emigree fromCrete. He was raised at the Çemberlitaş mansion of his paternal grandfather Kısakürekzade Mehmed Hilmi Efendi of Maraş; he was named after his great-grandfather Ahmed Necib, as well as his father, Fazıl.
He studied in many schools during his primary education, including the French School in Gedikpaşa,Robert College ofIstanbul, as well as the Naval School. He received religious courses from Ahmed Hamdi of Akseki and science courses from Yahya Kemal at the Naval School but he was actually influenced by İbrahim Aşkî, whom he defined to have "penetrated into deep and private areas in many inner and outer sciences from literature and philosophy to mathematics and physics". İbrahim Aşkî provided his first contact with Sufism even at a "plan of skin over skin". "After completing candidate and combat classes" of Naval School, Kısakürek entered the Philosophy Department ofDarülfünûn and graduated from there (1921–1924). One of his closest friends in philosophy wasHasan Ali Yücel.
He studied inParis for one year with thescholarship provided by the Ministry of National Education (1924–1925), until the scholarship was cancelled. After returning home in 1926, he worked at Holland,Osmanlı andİş Banks (1926–1939), and gave lectures at the Faculty of Linguistics and History and Geography and the State Conservatoire inAnkara and the Academy of Fine Arts in İstanbul (1939–1942). Having established a relation with the press in his youth, Kısakürek quit civil service to earn his living from writing and magazines.
Necip Fazıl's life took a turn in 1934, when he metAbdülhakim Arvasi, a sheik of theSufiNaqshbandi order. He became one of his most notable disciples,[8] remaining a follower until the sheik's death in 1943.[9]
Appropriating his anti-semitic ideas from Europe, Kısakürek regarded Jews as the corrupting element within Western civilization, and described them as the originator ofMarxism andcapitalism.[4] He held them responsible for the early conflicts between Muslims and the decline of the Ottoman Empire.[5] Kısakürek's publications included the Turkish translation ofThe Protocols of the Elders of Zion and praise for Henry Ford'sThe International Jew, as well as a political program in which he wrote: “Chief among these treacherous and insidious elements to be cleansed are the Dönmes and the Jews."[10][11] Necip Fazıl was awarded the First Prize of C.H.P. Play Contest in 1947 with his play Sabır Taşı (Stone of Patience). Kısakürek was awarded the titles of "Great Cultural Gift" by the Ministry of Culture (25 May 1980) and "Greatest Living Poet of Turkish" by theFoundation of Turkish Literature upon the 75th anniversary of his birth.
Necip Fazıl Kısakürek died on 25 May 1983 in his house at Erenköy after an illness that "lasted long but did not impair his intellectual activity and writing" and was buried in the graveyard at theEyüp Cemetery on the ridge of Eyüp after an eventful funeral.
Kısakürek sought to replace theKemalistsecular notion of nationalism with anIslamist one with less emphasis on nationalism. Within Turkish Islamism, he represented the concept of "Islamization from above" through the capture of government.[12]
Since the late 1970s, Kısakürek has been an icon for Turkish Islamists.[13] Many cadres of theJustice and Development Party (AKP) have been inspired by his rhetoric,[14] includingRecep Tayyip Erdoğan,[5] who met Kısakürek while still a student and attended his funeral at the start of his political career.[15]
In his own words, having "learned to read and to write from his grandfather in very young ages", Kısakürek became "crazy about limitless, trivia reading" until the age of twelve starting from "groups of sentences belonging to lower class writers of theFrench" Having been involved inliterature with such a reading passion, Necip Fazıl states that his "poetry started at the age of twelve" and that his mother said "how much I would like you to be a poet" by showing the "poetry notebook of a girl with tuberculosis" lying on the bed next to his mother's bed when he went to visit her staying at the hospital, and adds: "My mother's wish appeared to me as something that I fed inside but I was not aware of until twelve. The motive of existence itself. I decided inside with my eyes on the snow hurling on the window of the hospital room and the wind howling; I will be a poet! And I became".
The first published poem of Necip Fazıl is "Kitabe", a poem that was later included in his bookÖrümcek Ağı (Spider Web) with the title "Bir Mezar Taşı"(A Gravestone); it was also published in theYeni Mecmua (New Magazine) dated 1 July 1923.
By 1939, his poems and articles were appearing in magazines such asYeni Mecmua,Milli Mecmua,Anadolu,Hayat andVarlık, andCumhuriyet newspaper.
After returning home from Paris in 1925, Necip Fazıl stayed in Ankara intermittently. On his third visit, he published a magazine calledAğaç on 14 March 1936 by providing the support of some banks.Ağaç, the writers of which includedAhmet Hamdi Tanpınar,Ahmet Kutsi Tecer and Mustafa Şekip Tunç, decided to follow a spiritualist and idealist line on the contrary to the materialist and Marxist ideas supported by the writers such as Burhan Belge, Vedat Nedim Tör,Şevket Süreyya Aydemir and İsmail Hüsrev Tökin of closedKadro magazine owned by Yakup Kadri and which influenced the intellectuals of the time greatly. Kısakürek later transferred toAğaç (Turkish:Tree) magazine published during six volumes in Ankara to İstanbul, however, unable to establish a viable reader base, the magazine was closed at the 17th volume. Necip Fazıl was among the contributors of the conservative magazine entitledSerdengeçti.[16]
Necip Fazıl next began to publish the magazine calledBüyük Doğu (Turkish:Great East). Starting in 1943, the magazine was published intermittently as weekly, daily and monthly. In 1978, he was prosecuted because of his controversial articles and publications and the magazine was forced to close. Necip Fazıl also published a political humor magazine calledBorazan (Bugle), of which only three volumes were published.
In 1971, Kısakürek began to publish "reports" about things happening in those days. Later on, he published them as series called "Reports" numbered by their chronologicals. There are 10 of those reports and "Report 9" is the most known one, cause of contains against writings to Erbakan and its "Milli Görüş" movement.
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