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TheNatural-law argument for theexistence of God states that the observation of governing laws and existing order in the universe indicates the existence of a superior being who enacted these laws.[1] The argument was popularised byIsaac Newton,René Descartes, andRobert Boyle.[2] The argument of natural laws as a basis for God was changed by Christian figures such asThomas Aquinas, in order to fit biblical scripture and establish aJudeo-Christianteleological law.
Bertrand Russell criticized the argument, arguing that many of the things considered to belaws of nature, in fact, are human conventions.[3] The teleological argument assumes that one can infer the existence of intelligent design merely by examination, and because life is reminiscent of something a human might design, it too must have been designed. However, considering "snowflakes and crystals of certain salts", "[i]n no case do we find intelligence". "There are other ways that order and design can come about" such as by "purely physical forces."[4]
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