Nationalist Liberation Alliance Alianza Libertadora Nacionalista | |
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| Historical leaders | José Félix Uriburu, Juan Bautista Molina, Juan Queraltó, Guillermo Patricio Kelly |
| Founded | 1931 (1931) |
| Dissolved | 1955 (1955) |
| Preceded by | Argentine Patriotic League |
| Succeeded by | Labour Party Civic Revolutionary Movement |
| Headquarters | Buenos Aires, Argentina |
| Newspaper | Combate |
| Student wing | Unión Nacionalista de Estudiantes Secundarios |
| Ideology | Ultranationalism Militarism Nacionalismo Antisemitism Fascism (1931–1955) Nazism (1936–1955) Orthodox Peronism[1] Clerical fascism Argentine irredentism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Colours | Black |
| Slogan | "Hierarchy and order" |
| Election symbol | |
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| Party flag | |
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TheNationalist Liberation Alliance (Spanish:Alianza Libertadora Nacionalista, ALN), originally known as theArgentine Civic Legion (Legión Cívica Argentina, LCA) from 1931 to 1937,[2] theAlliance of Nationalist Youth (Alianza de la Juventud Nacionalista, AJN) from 1937 to 1943,[3] and then using its final name from 1943 to 1955, was aNacionalista andfascist movement.[2]
The movement was heavily influenced byfascism and later became influenced byNazism, with its members utilizing theRoman salute, wearing fascist-style uniforms, and marching in military formation.[4] The movement's declaration of principles in 1931 attackedMarxism anddemocracy and declared support for the creation of acorporative state like that ofFascist Italy.[5] It cooperated with theArgentine Fascist Party, particularly in theCórdoba region of Argentina.[6] In Córdoba in 1935, the local militia allied with the Argentine Fascist Party and Argentine Nationalist Action to form theFrente de Fuerzas Fascistas de Córdoba, which was replaced by theNational Fascist Union in 1936. In 1936, its leader GeneralJuan Bautista Molina reorganized the militia to be based upon the organization of theNazi Party.[3] General Molina wanted an Argentina based on Nazi lines, presenting himself as an ArgentineHitler, and having close relations withNazi Germany.[3]The movement called for "hierarchy and order" in society, variousxenophobic andanti-Semitic themes, and the demand for "social justice" and "revolutionary"land reform to destroy the "oligarchy" in Argentina.[7]
It was violentlyanti-Semitic, with its journalCombate issuing a "commandment" to its members: "War against theJew. Hatred towards the Jew. Death to the Jew."[8]
It was recognized as a political entity on 20 May 1931 and received juridical personality on 11 January 1932.[9] The movement was formed byArgentine President GeneralJosé Félix Uriburu officially as a reserve for Argentina's armed forces.[10] The movement's members were authorized to receive military training.[10] The Legion declared itself to be made up of "patriotic men" who embodied "the spirit of theSeptember revolution and who morally and materially were ready to cooperate in the institutional reconstruction of the country".[11] The Legion was the largest nationalist organization in Argentina in the early 1930s.[12] The movement is known to have committed acts of violence against its political opponents and tortured those that were captured.[4] It collapsed in 1955 after anti-Peronist forces seized control of Argentina with its leader fleeing the country.
It had a student wing called the Nationalist Union of Secondary Students (Unión Nacionalista de Estudiantes Secundarios, UNES).[8] Unlike other Argentine nationalist organizations of the time, the Legion had a women's section, while other nationalist groups excluded women from their organizations.[13] The Legion's women section calledAgrupación Femenina de la LCA promoted women to love the armed forces and respect for order, authority, and hierarchy in the home and school.[13] These women were to provide aid to the poor to assist in establishing social peace.[13]
During the1946 Argentine elections, the ALN was the largestNacionalista movement but only gained 25,000 votes in a few areas in which it fielded candidates.[14] This coincided with the election ofJuan Perón asPresident of Argentina.[14] Following the 1946 election, ALN members attacked the headquarters of severalliberal andleftist newspapers, includingLa Hora, theCommunist Party newspaper, as well as attacking a bar in downtown Buenos Aires that was frequented bySpanish republicanrefugees.[14] A number of Jewish associations became also the target of blast bombs planted by ALN members.[15]
In 1953, the ALN condemned the nationalist newspaper La Prensa for publishing too many articles by Jewish writers.[16] ALN leader Juan Queraltó was ousted from leadership of the party in 1953.[17] Queraltó was succeeded byGuillermo Patricio Kelly.[18] Kelly sought to distance the party from its anti-Semitic past and met withIsrael's ambassador to Argentina, Dr.Arie Kubovy during which Kelly informed Dr. Kubovy that the ALN had forsworn anti-Semitism.[19] In 1954, anti-Semitism was dropped from the party.[17] The headquarters of the ALN were stormed and destroyed by rebelSherman tanks during the anti-PeronistRevolución Libertadora on 21 September 1955.[20] Kelly was arrested in the aftermath by Argentine authorities, but eventually managed to escape and fled the country in 1957.[21]
In 1973, after the comeback of Perón to power, former members, including Kelly and Queraltó, attempted a revival of the ALN,[22] but were overshadowed by newer far right groups which eventually became subordinated to theArgentine Anticommunist Alliance.[23]
The Nationalist Liberation Alliance used theAndean condor as the symbol of the movement.[24] The Andean condor is a national symbol of Argentina.[25]
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