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National net wealth, also known asnational net worth, is the total sum of the value of a country'sassets minus itsliabilities. It is the total value of netwealth possessed by the residents of a state at a set point in time.[1] Figures in this article only cover household wealth, and exclude government wealth, which may be substantial, as in China, or negative, as in the UK or US, and so do not show total wealth.
National net wealth is an important indicator of a nation's ability to take ondebt and sustainspending and is influenced not only by real estate prices, equity market prices, exchange rates, liabilities and incidence in a country of the population, but also byhuman resources,natural resources, andcapital and technological advancements, which may create new assets or render others worthless in the future.
The most significant component by far among most developed nations is commonly reported as household net wealth or worth, and reflects infrastructure investment. National wealth can fluctuate, as evidenced in the United States after theGreat Recession and subsequent economic recovery. During periods when equity markets experience strong growth, the relative national and per capita wealth of the countries where people are more exposed on those markets, such as the United States and United Kingdom, tend to rise. On the other hand, when equity markets are depressed, the relative wealth of the countries where people invest more in real estate and bonds, such as France and Italy, tend to rise instead.
* indicates "Wealth in country or territory" or "Economy of country or territory" links.
In the following table are ranked the 30 countries by the largest national net wealth from 2000 to 2020 according to UBS and Credit Suisse S.A. (August 2023).[4]
| Country | Peak | Historical data | Peak to 2000 ratio | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Value | Year | 2020 | 2015 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | ||
| World | 465,666 | 2021 | 422,718 | 297,743 | 252,084 | 182,218 | 117,825 | 3.952 |
 United States | 145,793 | 2021 | 126,300 | 87,959 | 64,661 | 62,634 | 43,423 | 3.358 |
 China | 85,947 | 2021 | 73,866 | 46,535 | 25,493 | 8,522 | 3,704 | 23.204 |
 Japan | 29,718 | 2011 | 26,744 | 21,519 | 28,640 | 19,476 | 19,404 | 1.532 |
 Germany | 18,412 | 2021 | 18,053 | 12,009 | 11,934 | 9,073 | 6,160 | 2.989 |
 United Kingdom | 16,741 | 2021 | 15,454 | 13,978 | 11,199 | 10,949 | 6,565 | 2.550 |
 France | 16,326 | 2020 | 16,326 | 11,594 | 13,526 | 9,679 | 4,704 | 3.471 |
 India | 15,365 | 2022 | 12,688 | 8,948 | 6,810 | 3,266 | 1,553 | 9.894 |
 Italy | 12,820 | 2007 | 12,176 | 10,506 | 11,545 | 9,457 | 5,522 | 2.322 |
 Canada | 12,501 | 2021 | 10,586 | 6,930 | 6,832 | 4,363 | 2,613 | 4.784 |
 Australia | 10,734 | 2021 | 9,268 | 6,424 | 6,662 | 3,480 | 1,500 | 7.156 |
 Spain | 10,296 | 2007 | 8,759 | 6,177 | 8,701 | 6,905 | 2,497 | 4.123 |
 South Korea | 9,946 | 2021 | 9,625 | 6,128 | 4,744 | 3,508 | 1,721 | 5.779 |
 Taiwan | 5,776 | 2021 | 4,920 | 3,514 | 2,628 | 1,883 | 1,437 | 4.019 |
 Netherlands | 5,447 | 2020 | 5,447 | 3,255 | 3,323 | 2,524 | 1,591 | 3.424 |
 Switzerland | 4,893 | 2021 | 4,673 | 3,428 | 2,892 | 1,737 | 1,273 | 3.844 |
 Mexico | 4,863 | 2022 | 3,767 | 2,659 | 2,261 | 1,563 | 828 | 5.873 |
 Brazil | 4,628 | 2022 | 3,092 | 2,398 | 3,128 | 1,064 | 646 | 7.164 |
 Russia | 4,386 | 2022 | 3,177 | 1,824 | 2,165 | 869 | – | – |
 Belgium | 3,544 | 2020 | 3,544 | 2,531 | 2,565 | 1,826 | 1,110 | 3.193 |
 Hong Kong | 3,495 | 2021 | 3,446 | 2,548 | 1,588 | 976 | 871 | 4.013 |
 Indonesia | 3,256 | 2022 | 3,087 | 1,899 | 1,359 | 704 | 364 | 8.945 |
 Iran | 3,034 | 2022 | 1,443 | – | – | – | – | – |
 Sweden | 2,865 | 2021 | 2,742 | 1,783 | 1,628 | 966 | 522 | 5.489 |
 Saudi Arabia | 2,268 | 2022 | 1,905 | 1,437 | – | 620 | 415 | 5.465 |
 Denmark | 1,998 | 2021 | 1,793 | 1,055 | 1,022 | 799 | 451 | 4.430 |
 Turkey | 1,970 | 2013 | 1,509 | 1,777 | 1,718 | 1,034 | 525 | 3.752 |
 Singapore | 1,906 | 2022 | 1,637 | 1,075 | – | – | 324 | 5.883 |
 Austria | 1,855 | 2020 | 1,855 | 1,408 | 1,460 | 1,067 | 719 | 2.580 |
 New Zealand | 1,658 | 2021 | 1,436 | – | – | – | – | – |
 Norway | 1,644 | 2022 | – | – | 988 | – | 336 | 4.893 |
 Poland | – | – | 1,465 | 993 | 936 | 622 | – | – |
 Egypt | – | – | – | 1,035 | – | – | – | – |
 Thailand | – | – | – | 1,000 | 926 | – | – | – |
 Greece | – | – | – | – | 1,252 | 1,020 | 618 | – |
 Portugal | – | – | – | – | 958 | 731 | 422 | – |
 Ireland | – | – | – | – | – | 696 | 336 | – |
The following table indicates the share of global wealth of the ten wealthiest countries by net national wealth at given years. The share of global wealth of a country that is 5% or greater at a given year is in bold.
| Year | Australia | Canada | China | France | Germany | India | Italy | Japan | South Korea | Spain | United Kingdom | United States | Aggregate share of the top 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | — | 2.2% | 3.1% | 4.0% | 5.2% | — | 4.7% | 16.5% | 1.5% | 2.1% | 5.6% | 36.9% | 81.8% |
| 2001 | — | 2.1% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 5.2% | — | 4.6% | 14.1% | 1.5% | 2.3% | 5.6% | 38.8% | 81.8% |
| 2002 | — | 2.0% | 3.7% | 4.6% | 5.5% | — | 5.3% | 13.8% | 1.7% | 2.9% | 6.1% | 35.1% | 80.7% |
| 2003 | 1.9% | 2.2% | 3.7% | 5.2% | 5.8% | — | 5.7% | 12.9% | — | 3.5% | 6.2% | 32.8% | 79.9% |
| 2004 | 1.9% | 2.2% | 3.9% | 5.6% | 5.7% | — | 5.7% | 11.5% | — | 3.9% | 6.5% | 32.5% | 79.4% |
| 2005 | — | 2.4% | 4.7% | 5.3% | 5.0% | — | 5.2% | 10.7% | 1.9% | 3.8% | 6.0% | 34.4% | 79.4% |
| 2006 | 2.0% | 2.3% | 5.0% | 5.8% | 5.0% | — | 5.5% | 9.5% | — | 4.2% | 6.4% | 32.3% | 78.0% |
| 2007 | 2.3% | 2.6% | 6.0% | 6.1% | 5.3% | — | 5.5% | 8.6% | — | 4.4% | 6.2% | 29.3% | 76.3% |
| 2008 | — | 2.2% | 8.2% | 6.0% | 5.4% | 2.2% | 5.6% | 11.2% | — | 4.4% | 4.4% | 27.5% | 77.1% |
| 2009 | 2.4% | 2.6% | 8.6% | 5.7% | 5.3% | — | 5.4% | 10.2% | — | 4.1% | 4.8% | 26.3% | 75.4% |
| 2010 | — | 2.7% | 10.1% | 5.4% | 4.7% | 2.7% | 4.6% | 11.4% | — | 3.5% | 4.4% | 25.7% | 75.2% |
| 2011 | — | 2.7% | 11.9% | 5.1% | 4.6% | 2.5% | 4.3% | 11.4% | — | 3.4% | 4.5% | 25.2% | 75.6% |
| 2012 | — | 2.8% | 12.5% | 4.8% | 4.6% | 2.7% | 4.2% | 9.8% | — | 2.9% | 4.4% | 25.6% | 74.3% |
| 2013 | — | 2.7% | 13.8% | 4.8% | 4.7% | 2.6% | 4.1% | 7.8% | — | 2.7% | 4.5% | 26.8% | 74.5% |
| 2014 | 2.2% | 2.6% | 15.1% | 4.2% | 4.3% | 2.8% | 3.9% | 7.1% | — | — | 4.7% | 28.6% | 75.5% |
| 2015 | 2.2% | 2.3% | 15.6% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 3.0% | 3.5% | 7.2% | — | — | 4.7% | 29.5% | 75.9% |
| 2016 | 2.2% | 2.5% | 16.7% | 3.8% | 3.9% | 3.2% | 3.3% | 7.2% | — | — | 4.0% | 29.9% | 76.7% |
| 2017 | 2.2% | 2.4% | 17.4% | 3.9% | 4.1% | 3.3% | 3.3% | 6.7% | — | — | 4.1% | 28.4% | 75.8% |
| 2018 | — | 2.2% | 18.4% | 3.8% | 4.1% | 3.4% | 3.0% | 6.7% | 2.2% | — | 3.7% | 28.5% | 76.0% |
| 2019 | — | 2.3% | 18.1% | 3.6% | 4.0% | 3.4% | 2.8% | 6.5% | 2.1% | — | 3.6% | 29.6% | 76.0% |
| 2020 | — | 2.5% | 17.5% | 3.9% | 4.3% | 3.0% | 2.9% | 6.3% | 2.3% | — | 3.7% | 29.9% | 76.3% |
| 2021 | 2.3% | 2.7% | 18.5% | 3.5% | 4.0% | 3.2% | 2.5% | 5.4% | — | — | 3.6% | 31.3% | 77.0% |
| 2022 | — | 2.5% | 18.6% | 3.5% | 3.8% | 3.4% | 2.4% | 5.0% | 2.2% | — | 3.5% | 30.8% | 75.7% |
Economic classification of countries | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Three/Four-World Model | |||||
| Gross domestic product (GDP) |
| ||||
| Gross national income andIncome | |||||
| Wages andsalary | |||||
| Wealth | |||||
| Othernational accounts | |||||
| Human development | |||||
| Digital divide | |||||
| Net international investment position (NIIP) | |||||
