National Socialist Party of America | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | NSPA |
| Leader | Frank Collin (1970–1977) Harold Covington (1977–1981) |
| Founded | 1970; 56 years ago (1970) |
| Dissolved | 1981; 45 years ago (1981) |
| Split from | National Socialist White People's Party |
| Headquarters | Chicago,Illinois Raleigh, North Carolina |
| Ideology | Neo-Nazism |
| Political position | Far-right |
TheNational Socialist Party of America (NSPA) was aChicago-based organization founded in 1970 byFrank Collin shortly after he left theNational Socialist White People's Party, originally the American Nazi Party. The NSPA was sometimes also called the American Nazi Party (ANP), though that was not its official name.[1] They were involved in theGreensboro massacre and a high profile marching controversy inSkokie, Illinois.Harold Covington succeeded Collin as leader of the NSPA in 1979, before dissolving the organization in 1981.
The National Socialist Party of America was founded in 1970 byFrank Collin shortly after he left theNational Socialist White People's Party, originally the American Nazi Party. The NSPA was sometimes also called the American Nazi Party (ANP), though that was not its official name.[1]
The party's headquarters was in Chicago'sMarquette Park, and its main activity in the early 1970s was organizing loud demonstrations againstblack people moving into previously all-white neighborhoods. The marches and community reaction led the city of Chicago in 1977 to ban all demonstrations in Marquette Park unless they paid an insurance fee of $250,000 (equivalent to $1.3 million in 2024).[2][3] While challenging the city's actions in the courts, the party decided to redirect its attention to Chicago's suburbs, which had no such restrictions.
In 1977 Collin announced the party's intention to march through the largelyJewish community ofSkokie, Illinois, where one in six residents was aHolocaust survivor. A legal battle ensued when the village attempted to ban the event and the party. Represented by a JewishACLU lawyer in court, they won the right to march onFirst Amendment grounds inNational Socialist Party v. Village of Skokie, a lawsuit carried all the way to theU.S. Supreme Court, though it failed to carry through its intention (at the last minute,Chicago relented and they marched there instead).
They were involved in theGreensboro massacre.[1]Harold Covington succeeded Collin as leader of the NSPA in 1979,[4] before dissolving the organization in 1981.[5]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
