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National Security Advisor (United States)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
White House advisory position

Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs
since May 1, 2025
Executive Office of the President
Member ofNational Security Council
Homeland Security Council
Reports toPresident of the United States
AppointerPresident of the United States
Constituting instrumentNational Security Presidential Memorandum[1]
Formation1953
First holderRobert Cutler
DeputyDeputy National Security Advisor
Websitewh.gov/nsc

Theassistant to the president for national security affairs (APNSA), commonly referred to as thenational security advisor (NSA),[2][Note 1] is a senior aide in theExecutive Office of the President, based at theWest Wing of theWhite House.[3]

The national security advisor serves as the principal advisor to thepresident of the United States on allnational security issues. The national security advisor participates in meetings of theNational Security Council (NSC) and usually chairs meetings of the principals committee of the NSC with thesecretary of state andsecretary of defense (those meetings not attended by the president). The NSA also sits on theHomeland Security Council (HSC). The national security advisor is supported by NSC staff who produce classified research and briefings for the national security advisor to review and present, either to the NSC or the president.

The national security advisor is appointed by the president and does not requireconfirmation by theUnited States Senate. An appointment of a three- or four-star general to the role requiresSenate confirmation to maintain that rank in the new position.[4] The acting National Security Advisor has beenMarco Rubio since May 1, 2025.

Role

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The influence and role of the national security advisor varies from administration to administration and depends not only on the qualities of the person appointed to the position, but also on the style and management philosophy of the incumbent president.[5] ideally, the national security advisor serves as an honest broker of policy options for the president in the field of national security, rather than as an advocate for his or her own policy agenda.[6]

The national security advisor is a staff position in theExecutive Office of the President and does not haveline or budget authority over either theDepartment of State or theDepartment of Defense, unlike the secretary of state and the secretary of defense, who are Senate-confirmed officials with statutory authority over their departments.[7] The national security advisor is able to offer daily advice (due to the proximity) to the president independently of the vested interests of the large bureaucracies and clientele of those departments.[5]

In times of crisis, the national security advisor is likely to operate from theWhite House Situation Room or thePresidential Emergency Operations Center (as onSeptember 11, 2001),[8] updating the president on the latest events in a crisis situation.

History

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PresidentGeorge H. W. Bush meets in theOval Office with his NSCBrent Scowcroft aboutOperation Desert Shield, 1991. Dick Cheney and Colin Powell are also present in the room.

The National Security Council was created at the start of theCold War under theNational Security Act of 1947 to coordinate defense, foreign affairs, international economic policy, and intelligence; this was part of a large reorganization that saw the creation of the Department of Defense and theCentral Intelligence Agency.[9][10] The Act did not create the position of the national security advisor per se, but it did create an executive secretary in charge of the staff. In 1949, the NSC became part of the Executive Office of the President.[9]

Robert Cutler was the first national security advisor in 1953, and held the job twice, both times during theEisenhower administration. The system has remained largely unchanged since then, particularly since President John Kennedy, with powerful national security advisors and strong staff but a lower importance given to formal NSC meetings. This continuity persists despite the tendency of each new president to replace the advisor and senior NSC staff.[9]

PresidentRichard Nixon's national security advisor,Henry Kissinger, enhanced the importance of the role, controlling the flow of information to the president and meeting with him multiple times per day. Kissinger also holds the distinction of serving as national security advisor and secretary of state at the same time from September 22, 1973, until November 3, 1975.[9][10] He holds the record for longest term of service (2,478 days);Michael Flynn holds the record for shortest term, at just 24 days.

Brent Scowcroft held the job in two non-consecutive administrations: theFord administration and theGeorge H. W. Bush administration.

List

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  Democratic  Republican  Independent

  Denotes acting capacity.
No.ImageNameStartEndDurationRef(s)President
1Robert CutlerMarch 23, 1953April 2, 19552 years, 10 daysDwight D. Eisenhower
(1953–1961)
2Dillon AndersonApril 2, 1955September 1, 19561 year, 152 days
–William Jackson
Acting		September 1, 1956January 7, 1957128 days[11][12][13]
3Robert CutlerJanuary 7, 1957June 24, 19581 year, 168 days
4Gordon GrayJune 24, 1958January 13, 19612 years, 203 days
5Mac BundyJanuary 20, 1961February 28, 19665 years, 39 daysJohn F. Kennedy
(1961–1963)
Lyndon B. Johnson
(1963–1969)
6Walt RostowApril 1, 1966January 20, 19692 years, 294 days
7Henry KissingerJanuary 20, 1969November 3, 19756 years, 287 daysRichard Nixon
(1969–1974)
Gerald Ford
(1974–1977)
8Brent ScowcroftNovember 3, 1975January 20, 19771 year, 78 days
9Zbig BrzezinskiJanuary 20, 1977January 20, 19814 years, 0 daysJimmy Carter
(1977–1981)
10Richard AllenJanuary 21, 1981January 4, 1982348 daysRonald Reagan
(1981–1989)
–James Nance
Acting		November 30, 1981January 4, 198235 days[14]
11William ClarkJanuary 4, 1982October 17, 19831 year, 286 days
12Bud McFarlaneOctober 17, 1983December 4, 19852 years, 48 days
13John PoindexterDecember 4, 1985November 25, 1986356 days
–Alton Keel
Acting		November 26, 1986December 31, 198635 days[15]
14Frank CarlucciJanuary 1, 1987November 23, 1987326 days[16]
15Colin PowellNovember 23, 1987January 20, 19891 year, 58 days
16Brent ScowcroftJanuary 20, 1989January 20, 19934 years, 0 daysGeorge H. W. Bush
(1989–1993)
17Tony LakeJanuary 20, 1993March 14, 19974 years, 53 daysBill Clinton
(1993–2001)
18Sandy BergerMarch 14, 1997January 20, 20013 years, 312 days
19Condoleezza RiceJanuary 20, 2001January 25, 20054 years, 5 days[17]George W. Bush
(2001–2009)
20Stephen HadleyJanuary 26, 2005January 20, 20093 years, 360 days[17]
21James JonesJanuary 20, 2009October 8, 20101 year, 261 days[18]Barack Obama
(2009–2017)
22Tom DonilonOctober 8, 2010July 1, 20132 years, 266 days[19][20]
23Susan RiceJuly 1, 2013January 20, 20173 years, 203 days[20]
24Michael FlynnJanuary 20, 2017February 13, 201724 daysDonald Trump
(2017–2021)
–Keith Kellogg
Acting		February 13, 2017February 20, 20177 days
25H. R. McMasterFebruary 20, 2017April 9, 20181 year, 48 days
26John BoltonApril 9, 2018September 10, 20191 year, 154 days
–Charlie Kupperman
Acting		September 10, 2019September 18, 20198 days
27Robert O'BrienSeptember 18, 2019January 20, 20211 year, 124 days
28Jake SullivanJanuary 20, 2021January 20, 20254 years, 0 days[21]Joe Biden
(2021–2025)
29Mike WaltzJanuary 20, 2025May 1, 2025101 daysDonald Trump
(2025–present)
–Marco Rubio
Acting		May 1, 2025Incumbent206 days

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^AbbreviatedNSA, or sometimesAPNSA orANSA in order to avoid confusion with the abbreviation of theNational Security Agency.

References

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2009-02: The National Security Advisor and Staff(PDF). WhiteHouseTransitionProject.org. 2009. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 3, 2016. RetrievedMarch 1, 2015.

  1. ^"National Security Presidential Memorandum–4 of April 4, 2017"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on April 7, 2017.
  2. ^The National Security Advisor and Staff: p. 1.
  3. ^"History of the National Security Council, 1947-1997".whitehouse.gov. August 1997. Archived fromthe original on February 22, 2010. RetrievedSeptember 5, 2008 – viaNational Archives.
  4. ^Portnoy, Steven (February 21, 2017)."McMaster will need Senate confirmation to serve as national security adviser".CBS News.Archived from the original on March 1, 2017. RetrievedMarch 12, 2017.
  5. ^abThe National Security Advisor and Staff: pp. 17-21.
  6. ^The National Security Advisor and Staff: pp. 10-14.
  7. ^See22 U.S.C. § 2651 for the Secretary of State and10 U.S.C. § 113 for the Secretary of Defense.
  8. ^Clarke, Richard A. (2004).Against All Enemies. New York: Free Press. p. 18.ISBN 0-7432-6024-4.
  9. ^abcdGeorge, Robert Z;Rishikof, Harvey (2011).The National Security Enterprise: Navigating the Labyrinth.Georgetown University Press. p. 32.
  10. ^abSchmitz, David F. (2011).Brent Scowcroft: Internationalism and Post-Vietnam War American Foreign Policy.Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 2–3.
  11. ^Burke, John P. (2009).Honest Broker?: The National Security Advisor and Presidential Decision Making. Texas A&M University Press. p. 26.ISBN 9781603441025.
  12. ^"Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, National Security Policy, Volume XIX". Department of State, Office of the Historian. RetrievedJuly 12, 2020.
  13. ^Lay, James S.; Johnson, Robert H. (1960).Organizational history of the National Security Council during the Truman and Eisenhower administrations. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency. p. 40.
  14. ^Weisman, Steven R. (January 2, 1982)."Reagan Replacing Security Advisor, Officials Report".The New York Times.ISSN 0362-4331. RetrievedNovember 25, 2020.
  15. ^"Nomination of Alton G. Keel, Jr., to be the Permanent United States Representative on the Council of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization | the American Presidency Project".
  16. ^"Newly appointed national security adviser Frank Carlucci is planning... - UPI Archives".
  17. ^abThe National Security Advisor and Staff: p. 33.
  18. ^"Key Members of Obama-Biden National Security Team Announced" (Press release). The Office of the President-Elect. December 1, 2008. Archived fromthe original on December 1, 2008. RetrievedDecember 1, 2008.
  19. ^"Donilon to Replace Jones as National Security Adviser".CNN. October 2010.Archived from the original on November 8, 2012. RetrievedOctober 8, 2010.
  20. ^abWilson, Scott; Lynch, Colum (June 5, 2013)."National Security Team Shuffle May Signal More Activist Stance at White House".Washington Post.Archived from the original on October 25, 2017.
  21. ^"Biden to Appoint Jake Sullivan as National Security Adviser".CBS News. November 23, 2020.

Further reading

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  • Rothkopf, David (2009).Running the world: The inside story of the National Security Council and the architects of American power. PublicAffairs.

External links

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