National Mandate Party Partai Amanat Nasional | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Abbreviation | PAN |
| General Chairman | Zulkifli Hasan |
| Secretary-General | Eko Hendro Purnomo |
| DPR group leader | Putri Zulkifli Hasan |
| Founded | 23 August 1998; 27 years ago (23 August 1998) |
| Headquarters | Kebayoran Baru,South Jakarta, Jakarta |
| Youth wing | BM PAN (National Mandate Upholder Young Front) |
| Women's wing | PUAN (National Mandate Women) |
| Membership(2022) | 567,415[1] |
| Ideology | Pancasila[2] Islamic democracy[3][4] Religious nationalism[5] |
| Political position | Centre[6] tocentre-right[9] |
| National affiliation |
|
| Slogan | PAN Terdepan (PAN to the Next Frontier) |
| Anthem | Mars PAN (PAN March) |
| Ballot number | 12 |
| DPR seats | 48 / 580 |
| DPRD I seats | 160 / 2,372 |
| DPRD II seats | 1,236 / 17,510 |
| Website | |
| pan | |
TheNational Mandate Party (Indonesian:Partai Amanat Nasional), frequently abbreviated toPAN, is a non-sectarian[clarification needed], religion-based[3][4][10][11][5]political party inIndonesia.
It was founded by themodernist strand of Muslim society in Indonesia, includingAmien Rais, the chairman of theMuhammadiyah organization, during theIndonesian Revolution. The party contested the2009 elections under the chairmanship of Sutrisno Bachir.[12][13] It is described as a nationalist Muslim party.[10] It also upholds thePancasila doctrine.[2]
In 2014, the party obtained 7.59 percent of the popular vote, which is an increase from 6.03 percent in 2009 and 6.44 percent in 2004.[10]
On 14 May 1998, around 50 political figures, including Goenawan Mohammad, Faisal Basri, andAmien Rais established an organization called the Peoples Mandate Council (Indonesian:Majelis Amanat Rakyat, MARA) open to anybody who wanted to listen and express opinions. At the time, Amien Rais said that MARA would assess the performance of PresidentSuharto'scabinet over the next six months. He also said that the people needed a strong forum that was respected by those in power and that the power structure under Suharto was not good at listening to people's opinions because it had become arrogant. At the time of thedownfall of the Suharto regime in 1998, many new parties were being established and some of them wanted Amien Rais and other members of MARA to join them. One of these was theCrescent Star Party whose eventual leaderYusril Ihza Mahendra tried to persuade Amien Rais to establish a party. When he refused the offer, the party went its own way. On July 27, 1998 (the day after the declaration of the creation of the Crescent Star Party), Amien Rais announced the establishment of a new party to be called the People's Mandate Party (Indonesian:Partai Amanat Bangsa, PAB). This was changed to the current name after a lengthy voting process. The new party had its roots in the principles of religious morality, humanity, and prosperity.[14][15]
On 11 February 2020, a PAN national congress, held inKendari,Southeast Sulawesi, was marred by violence when party members started throwing chairs at one another amid a dispute over candidates to lead the party. One PAN member suffered a broken leg during the melee. Reports said thugs had been deployed at the congress to support Mulfachri Harahap's candidacy for the party leadership.[16] PAN leader Zulkifli was re-elected at the congress, receiving 331 votes, while Mulfachri received 225 votes.[17]
In the1999 elections, PAN won 7.4 percent of the vote and 34 seats in thelegislature. The party then played a key role in putting together acentral axis of Islamic political parties in thePeople's Consultative Assembly which helped ensure thatAbdurrahman Wahid defeatedMegawati Sukarnoputri when that chamber elected the president.
However, PAN's support for Abdurrahman Wahid did not last long. Less than a year after officially confirming its support for him at its first congress inYogyakarta in February 2000, the party withdrew this support, saying it was concerned about the condition of the nation and state of Indonesia. Not long after that, Abdurrahman Wahid was voted out of office and replaced by Megawati Sukarnoputri.
For the2004 elections, the party set a target of 15 percent of the vote. To promote his presidential candidacy, Amien Rais made a series of visits around the country. He also said that he was convinced that a retired military officer should be his vice-president. However, in the legislative election, the party won 6.4% of the popular vote and 52 out of 550 legislative seats. For thepresidential election, Amien Rais stood withSiswono Yudo Husodo as his running mate but only won 15% of the vote.[18]
The party came fifth in the2009 legislative election with 6% of the vote, gaining 43 seats in thePeople's Representative Council.[19]
Despite its declining influence and popularity, the party aimed to garner at least 10 percent of the vote in 2014.[20] However, in the legislative election, PAN only won 7.49 percent of the vote.[citation needed] A few weeks after the legislative election, PAN announced party leader Hatta Rajasa as vice presidential candidate to run alongsidePrabowo Subianto.[21]
At the time of own establishment in 1998, the party has declaredPancasila as its ideological base.[2] However, subsequently, as outside scholars note, due to the party’s close cooperation with the Islamic organizationMuhammadiyah, its support from predominantly Muslim voters and other reasons, the party’s ideology became more religious[5] and more Muslim orIslamic democratic, but far fromIslamism.[3][10][11] Nowadays, PAN is themoderate and mostprogressive among other Indonesian religious parties.[4]
PAN is open to all elements of society, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or religion. According to the party website, PAN strives for the sovereignty of the people, social justice, and a better life for the people to bring about an Indonesian nation that is prosperous, developed, independent, and dignified. It also wants to realize good and clean governance that protects all the people and brings prosperity and to see a united, sovereign nation. The party wants to play a part in implementing world order based on independence, eternal peace, and social justice, and wants Indonesia to be respected in the international community.[22]
| Election | Ballot number | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Seat change | Outcome of election | Party leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 15 | 34 / 500 | 7,528,956 | 7.12%[23] |  34 seats | Governing coalition | Amien Rais |
| 2004 | 13 | 53 / 550 | 7,303,324 | 6.44%[24] | 19 seats | Governing coalition | Amien Rais |
| 2009 | 9 | 46 / 560 | 6,273,462 | 6.01%[24] |  7 seats | Governing coalition | Sutrisno Bachir |
| 2014 | 8 | 49 / 560 | 9,481,621 | 7.59%[25] | 3 seats | Opposition (2014–2015, 2018–2019) | Hatta Rajasa |
| Governing coalition (2015–2018) | |||||||
| 2019 | 12 | 44 / 575 | 9,572,623 | 6.84%[26] | 5 seats | Opposition (2019–2021) | Zulkifli Hasan |
| Governing coalition (2021–2024) | |||||||
| 2024 | 12 | 48 / 580 | 10,984,639 | 7.24% | 4 seats | Governing coalition | Zulkifli Hasan |
| Election | Ballot number | Pres. candidate | Running mate | 1st round (Total votes) | Share of votes | Outcome | 2nd round (Total votes) | Share of votes | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 3 | Amien Rais | Siswono Yudo Husodo | 17,392,931 | 14.66% | Eliminated | Runoff | ||
| 2009 | 2 | Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono | Boediono | 73,874,562 | 60.80% | Elected | |||
| 2014 | 1 | Prabowo Subianto[27] | Hatta Rajasa | 62,576,444 | 46.85% | Lost | |||
| 2019 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Sandiaga Uno | 68,650,239 | 44.50% | Lost | |||
| 2024 | 2 | Prabowo Subianto | Gibran Rakabuming Raka | 96,214,691 | 58.59% | Elected | |||
Note: Bold text indicates the party member
