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National Geological Monuments of India

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Natural stone arch in Tirumala.

National Geological Monuments are geographical areas of national importance andheritage, as notified by theGovernment of India'sGeological Survey of India (GSI), for their maintenance, protection, promotion and enhancement ofgeotourism.[1][2][3]

List of National Geological Monuments

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There are 34 notified National Geological Heritage Monument Sites of India. GSI or the respective State governments are responsible for taking necessary measures to protect these sites.[2][3]

List of Geological Heritage Sites / National Geological Monuments of India
No.ImageGeo-Heritage siteLocationDistrictStateGeotourism CategoryReference
1Volcanogenic bedded BarytesMangampetaKadapa districtAndhra PradeshEcoGeo Monuments[2]
2Tirupati Eparchaean Unconformityin the steep natural slopes, road scars and ravines on the Tirupati-Tirumala Ghat roadChittoor districtAndhra PradeshStratigraphy Monuments[2]
3
Tirumala Natural Geological ArchTirumala HillsChittoor districtAndhra PradeshGeological Marvels[2]
4Erra Matti Dibbaluthe dissected and stabilized coastal red sediment mounds located betweenVishakhapatnam andBheemunipatnamVisakhapatnam districtAndhra PradeshGeological Marvels[2]
5Angadipuram Lateritenear Angadipuram PWD rest house premisesMalappuram districtKeralaEcoGeo Monuments[2]
6Varkala Cliff SectionVarkalaThiruvananthapuram districtKeralaGeological Marvels[2]
7National Fossil Wood Park, TiruvakkarainearThiruvakkarai village,Vanur talukViluppuram districtTamil naduFossil Park[2]
8National Fossil Wood Park, SathanurSathanurPerambalur district,Tamil naduFossil Park[2]
9St. Thomas CharnockiteSt. Thomas Mount,ChennaiChennai districtTamil naduRock Monuments[2]
10Karai Badlands Formation Fossil ParkBadlands of Karai Formation with Cretaceous fossils along Karai – Kulakkalnattam SectionPerambalur districtTamil naduFossil Park[2]
11Eddy Current Marking - Sedimentary StructuresKadana DamMahisagar districtGujaratGeological Marvels[2]
12Sendra GranitePali districtRajasthanGeological Marvels[2]
13Barr ConglomeratePali districtRajasthanRock Monuments[2]
14Stromatolite Fossil ParkJharmar Kotra Rock Phosphate depositUdaipur districtRajasthanStromatolite Park[2]
15Gossan in Rajpura-Dariba Mineralised beltRajsamand districtRajasthanEcoGeo Monuments[2]
16Bhojunda Stromatolite ParkChittaurgarh districtRajasthanStromatolite Park[2]
17Akal Wood Fossil ParkJaisalmer districtRajasthanFossil Park[2]
18Kishangarh Nepheline SyeniteKishangarhAjmer districtRajasthanRock Monuments[2]
19Jodhpur Welded TuffJodhpur districtRajasthanRock Monuments[2]
20Jodhpur Group – Malani Igneous Suite ContactJodhpur districtRajasthanStratigraphy Monuments[2]
21Great Boundary Fault at SaturBundi districtRajasthanStratigraphy Monuments[2]
22Lonar LakeBuldhana districtMaharashtraGeological Marvels[2]
23Lower Permian Marine bed at Manendragarh (Marine Gondwana Fossil Park)Surguja districtChhattisgarhFossil Park[2]
24Columnar Basaltic Lava of Coconut Island (St. Mary Island)St. Mary's IslandsUdupi districtKarnatakaRock Monuments[2]
25Pillow lavas near MaradihalliChitradurga districtKarnatakaRock Monuments[2]
26Peninsular Gneiss of LalbaghBangaloreBangalore Urban districtKarnatakaRock Monuments[2]
27Pyroclastics & Pillow lavas of Kolar Gold fieldsPeddapalliKolar districtKarnatakaRock Monuments[2]
28Shivalik Fossil ParkSuketiSirmaur districtHimachal PradeshFossil Park[2]
29Pillow Lava in lron ore belt at NomiraKeonjhar districtOdishaRock Monuments[2]
30Plant Fossil bearing Inter-trappean beds of Rajmahal FormationupperGondwana sequence around MandroSahibganj districtJharkhandFossil Park[2]
31Nagahill Ophiolite Sitenear PungroNagalandRock Monuments[2]
32Stromatolite bearing Dolomite / Limestone of Buxa Formation at MamleyNamchiSouth Sikkim districtSikkimStromatolite Park[2]
33Ramgarh craterRamgarhBaran districtRajasthanGeological Marvels[4]
34Zawar lead-zinc mineZawarUdaipur districtRajasthan[4]

Geo-tourism sites in Northeast India

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There are 12 geo-tourism sites inNortheast India notified by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) for promotion of geo-tourism.[5][6][7]

List of Geotourism Sites in Northeast India
No.ImageGeo-Heritage siteLocationDistrictStateGeotourism Category and reference
1Mawmluh CaveCherrapunjiEast Khasi Hills districtMeghalayaGeo-tourism: Cave belongs toMeghalayan Age, which is a major abrupt climatic event with critical drought and cooling 4,200 years ago which was determined from astalagmite from Mawmluh cave.[8] In thegeologic time scale, theMeghalayan is the latestage or uppermoststage of theQuaternary.[9]
2Mawblei God’s RockEast Khasi Hills districtMeghalayaGeo-tourism: A megalith,Mahadek sandstone of Khasi group of cretaceous period, inclined at 45 degrees on a slope of a hill ofWahrashi River valley is a sacred site forKhasi people.[8]
3TherriaghatEast Khasi Hills districtMeghalayaGeo-tourism: Best-preserved and most completeCretaceous-Paleogene boundary in India.Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event at the end of theCretaceous period caused sudden extinction of the large vertebrates,plankton and many tropical invertebrates.[8]
4MajuliMajuli islandMajuli districtAssamGeo-tourism: World's largest river island inBrahmaputra river has sacred HinduVaishnavitesampradaya'ssatra (kshetra or monasteries) set up by in 15th-16th centurySrimanta Sankaradeva. The eco-region is conserved by theSrimanta Sankaradeva Sangha.[8]
5Umananda IslandBrahmaputra riverGuwahatiAssamGeo-tourism: islet is aninselberg made of rocks ofAssam-Meghalaya gneissic complex.[8]
6ChabimuraGomati districtTripuraGeo-tourism: 15th-16th century sacred Hindu site with rock carvings on a cliff ofGomti River with massive rock cut images ofShiva,Vishnu,Karthikeya,Durga and other Hindu deities highest of which is 20 ft.[8]
7UnakotiUnakoti districtTripuraGeo-tourism: 7th-9th centuries rock-cut sculptures and Shaiva temples.Unakotiswara Kal Bhairava shiva statue is 30 feet tall.[8]
8Sangetsar TsoTawang districtArunachal PradeshGeo-tourism: Also called as Madhuri Lake, created by damming of river due to earthquake in 1950, is nestled in a lush valley midst of snowy mountain peaks and freezes in winter.[8]
9Loktak LakeBishnupur districtManipurGeo-tourism: It is aphumdi (floating biomass) withphumsangs (tribal huts of fishermen) which is also theKeibul Lamjao National Park - world's only floating wildlife habitat on the southwestern part of lake.[8]
10Reiek TlangAizawlMizoramGeo-tourism: It is acuesta (a hill with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other) created by erosion of thetertiary sandshalealterations.[8]
11Nagahill Ophiolite SitePungroKiphire districtNagalandGeo-tourism:[8]
12Mamley Stromatolite ParkNamchiSouth Sikkim districtSikkimGeo-tourism: Also called "Buxa Formation of Mamley", isAlgal mat#StromatolitesStromatolite Algal mat with circular structures in the limestone ofProterozoicBuxa Formation microbiota microfossils of Ranjit Window is rare examples of early life on Earth in the Sikkim Himalayas.[8]

See also

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References

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  1. ^"National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website". Archived fromthe original on 12 July 2017. Retrieved23 May 2017.
  2. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagah"Geo-Heritage Sites".pib.nic.in.Press Information Bureau. 9 March 2016. Retrieved15 September 2018.
  3. ^abnational geo-heritage of IndiaArchived 11 January 2017 at theWayback Machine,INTACH
  4. ^ab"Ramgarh, Zawar accepted as geo-heritage sites in Rajasthan".The Times of India. Retrieved14 September 2018.
  5. ^Karmakar, Rahul (20 August 2021)."GSI lists geo-tourism sites in NE to visit after 'unlock'".The Hindu.ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved2 September 2021.
  6. ^"GSI lists geo-tourism spots in the Northeast to explore post-pandemic".Deccan Herald. 10 July 2021. Retrieved2 September 2021.
  7. ^"GSI lists geo-tourism sites in North east - JournalsOfIndia". 24 August 2021. Retrieved2 September 2021.
  8. ^abcdefghijklGSI lists geo-tourism sites in North east, Journals of India, 24 August 2021.
  9. ^Cohen, K. M.; Finney, S. C.; Gibbard, P. L.; Fan, J-X. (January 2020)."International Chronostratigraphic Chart"(PDF). International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved8 January 2021.

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