| National Day for Yes | |
|---|---|
 People peacefully demonstrating in the streets of Barcelona hoistingEstelades, Catalan secessionist flags. | |
| Date | 11 September 2017 |
| Location | |
| Goals | Independence of Catalonia Creation of aCatalan Republic |
| Methods | Political rally, street protest |
| Resulted in | 350,000–1,000,000 people demonstration[1][2][3][4] |
National Day for Yes (Catalan:La Diada del Sí) was agathering inBarcelona on 11 September 2017, theNational Day of Catalonia, in support ofCatalan independence. It was organized by theCatalan National Assembly (ANC), the main civil society organisations behind the massive pro-independence demonstrations held since 2012.[5][6][7][8]
The number of participants that took part in the demonstration varied between 350,000 as reported by theSpanish Government delegation and 1,000,000 according to theGuàrdia Urbana de Barcelona, with other calculus also suggesting an in-between participation of around 500,000. Organisers said 450,000 people had registered beforehand for the event, using an online form.[1][4]
After winning a majority in the2015 Parliament of Catalonia election, pro-referendum parties approved a project to hold theCatalan independence referendum on 1 October 2017. The objective of the demonstration was to boost and show support for independence option.
The demonstration followed similar protests in2010,2012, theCatalan Way (2013), theCatalan Way 2014, theFree Way to the Catalan Republic (2015) and theGo ahead, Catalan Republic (2016).[3]
ThePrincipality of Catalonia was annexed during theWar of Spanish Succession, after the bloodySiege of Barcelona that ended on 11 September 1714. By the middle of the 19th century, a growing educated middle class started to recover itslanguage, identity andcultural traditions and this led to a Catalan independence movement at the beginning of the 20th century.[9]
During theSecond Spanish Republic there were different failed attempts of secession quickly followed by the start of theSpanish Civil War. After the francoist victory, which established afascist-style government, Catalans were severely repressed, including the execution of the elected President of CataloniaLluís Companys.[9]
After the 1978Spanish transition to democracy, Catalonia regained some autonomy. After 25 years of political stability some requests of more autonomy started to appear, resulting in a Catalan Statute of Autonomy in 2005 which became law in 2006. Spanish institutions asked to ban the new law, declaring it unconstitutional in 2010. This situation, in addition to the2008 crisis, fuelled the first majorautonomy demonstration in Barcelona on 10 July 2010, when a million people marched under the banner "We are a nation. We decide."[10]
Since thenCatalan National Days,Diades in Catalan, have brought more than 1 million people out onto the streets every 11 September. There was also a non-binding and unofficialconsultation on 9 November 2014, when 1.8 million Catalans voted in favour of independence.[9]
The demonstration takes place just a few weeks before the2017 Catalan independence referendum which is going to take place on 1 October 2017. The referendum was approved by theGeneralitat de Catalunya with theLaw on a Self-determination Referendum on the Independence of Catalonia but Spain's constitutional court has suspended the Catalan referendum law and SpanishGuardia Civil officers are trying to prevent the referendum by seizing theballot boxes andballot papers.[11][10]
Even though it has been banned by Spain, Catalonia's government has already started the referendum for the Catalan community living abroad and they plan to hold the referendum on 1 October anyway, promising to secede from Spain if the vote is Yes.[11]
The demonstration was planned to be seen as a + sign from the air, suggesting the benefits of the independence of Catalonia. This massive positive sign was divided in four zones representing the geography of the country:[12]
To ease the organisation the demonstration was divided in 49 sections, each section had people from differentcomarques assigned. This distributed evenly the people coming from different parts of Catalonia. To ferry all the people to the capital of Catalonia 1,800buses were rented by theCatalan National Assembly.Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona andFerrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya increased the number of trains for the occasion, while closing some of the closest stations to avoid agglomerations of people.[12]
Even though people started gathering before, the main event took place at the hour 17.14, commemorating the ones who sacrificed themselves during the finaldefence of Barcelona in 1714. During the main event, from the four ends of the positive sign a human wave carrying a 16x16 m banner would start. People under the banner would then change their tops for the official yellow-fluorescent T-shirt (which cost €15 and was used to fund the whole demonstration). The banners included messages in favour of democracy and peace. Following this performance, the saxophonist Pep Poblet playedPau Casals i Defilló's songEl cant dels ocells in honour of the deceased during the2017 Catalonia attacks.[12]
