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.jpg) The academy's previous building at 1083Fifth Avenue | |
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| Formation | 1863; 162 years ago (1863) |
|---|---|
| Type | Honorary organization, museum, and school |
| Purpose | To promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition |
| Headquarters | Manhattan,New York City, U.S. |
| Location |
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| Coordinates | 40°44′15.7″N73°59′12.3″W / 40.737694°N 73.986750°W /40.737694; -73.986750 |
President | Wendy Evans Joseph |
| Website | www |
TheNational Academy of Design is an honorary association ofAmericanartists, founded inNew York City in 1825 bySamuel Morse,Asher Durand,Thomas Cole,Frederick Styles Agate,Martin E. Thompson,Charles Cushing Wright,Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition."[1] Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.
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The original founders of the National Academy of Design were students of theAmerican Academy of the Fine Arts. However, by 1825 the students of the American Academy felt a lack of support for teaching from the academy, its board composed of merchants, lawyers, and physicians, and from its unsympathetic president, the painterJohn Trumbull.
Samuel Morse and other students set about forming a drawing association to meet several times each week for the study of the art of design. Still, the association was viewed as a dependent organization of the American Academy, from which they felt neglected. An attempt was made to reconcile differences and maintain a single academy by appointing six of the artists from the association as directors of the American Academy. When four of the nominees were not elected, however, the frustrated artists resolved to form a new academy and the National Academy of Design was born.[2]
Morse had been a student at theRoyal Academy inLondon and emulated its structure and goals for the National Academy of Design. The mission of the academy, from its foundation, was to "promote the fine arts in America through exhibition and education."[3]
In 2015, the academy struggled with financial hardship. In the next few years, it closed its museum and art school, and created an endowment through the sale of its New York real estate holdings.[4] Today, the academy advocates for the arts as a tool for education, celebrates the role of artists and architects in public life, and serves as a catalyst for cultural conversations that propel society forward.[5]
According to the academy, its 450 National Academicians "are professional artists and architects who are elected to membership by their peers annually."[6]
After three years and some tentative names, in 1828 the academy found its longstanding name "National Academy of Design", under which it was known to one and a half centuries. In 1997, newly appointed director Annette Blaugrundrebranded the institution as the "National Academy Museum and School of Fine Art", to reflect "a new spirit of integration incorporating the association of artists, museum, and school", and to avoid confusion with the now differently understood term "design".[7]This change was reversed in 2017.[3]
The academy occupied several locations inManhattan over the years. Notable among them was a building onPark Avenue and 23rd Street designed by architectP. B. Wight and built 1863–1865 in aVenetian Gothic style modeled on theDoge's Palace inVenice. Another location was at West 109th Street andAmsterdam Avenue.[8] From 1906 to 1941, the academy occupied theAmerican Fine Arts Society building at 215 West 57th Street.[9]
From 1942 to 2019, the academy occupied a mansion at 1083Fifth Avenue, near 89th Street;[10] it had been the home of sculptorAnna Hyatt Huntington andphilanthropistArcher M. Huntington, who donated the house in 1940.[11]
The National Academy of Design shared offices and galleries with theNational Arts Club located inside the historicSamuel J. Tilden House, 14-15 Gramercy Park South from 2019 until 2023.
Currently the home of the National Academy of Design is at 519 West 26th Street, 2nd Floor with offices as well as meeting, event and exhibition space.
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The academy is a professional honorary organization, with a school and a museum.
One cannot apply for membership, which since 1994, after many changes in numbers, is limited to 450 American artists and architects. Instead, members are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence. Full members of the National Academy are identified by thepost-nominal "NA" (National Academician), associates by "ANA".[12]
Among the teaching staff were numerous artists, includingWill Hicok Low, who taught from 1889 to 1892. Another was Charles Louis Hinton, whose long tenure started in 1901.[13] The famous American poetWilliam Cullen Bryant also gave lectures. ArchitectAlexander Jackson Davis taught at the academy. PainterLemuel Wilmarth was the first full-time instructor.[14]Silas Dustin was a curator.[15]
It has always been an artist-run organization. Its exclusive, invite-only membership comprises many of the best artists in the country, and going forward it has decided to focus its resources and energy on serving them. This means promoting their achievements, helping them through grants, and producing a snappy online journal that's fresh and focused.
