Nashville International Airport (IATA:BNA,ICAO:KBNA,FAALID:BNA) is a public/military airport in the southeastern section ofNashville,Tennessee, United States. Established in 1937, its original name wasBerry Field, from which itsICAO andIATA identifiers are derived. The current terminal was built in 1987, and the airport took its current name in 1988. Nashville International Airport has four runways and covers 4,555 acres (1,843 ha) of land.[4][5] It is the busiestairport in Tennessee,[6] with more boardings and arrivals than all other airports in the state combined.
Aerial image of Sky Harbor Airport 1934
The airport was first served byAmerican Airlines andEastern Air Lines and was a hub for American in the late 20th century. The airport now offers service to 99 destinations across the United States as well as a number of international destinations. In 2022, it averaged 600 daily aircraft movements.[7]
Joint Base Berry Field, formerly Berry Field Air National Guard Base, is located at Nashville International Airport. The base is home to the118th Wing and the 1/230th Air Cavalry SquadronTennessee Army National Guard.[8]
Nashville's first airport was Hampton Field, which operated until 1921. It was replaced by Blackwood Field in theHermitage community, which operated between 1921 and 1928. The first airlines to serve Nashville,American Airlines andEastern Air Lines, flew out of Sky Harbor Airport in nearbyRutherford County.[9]
By 1935, the need for an airport larger and closer to the city than Sky Harbor Airport was realized and a citizens' committee was organized by mayorHilary Ewing Howse to choose a location. A 340-acre (1.4 km2) plot along Dixie Parkway (nowMurfreesboro Pike) composed of four farms was selected, and construction began in 1936 as one of the first majorWorks Progress Administration projects in the area. The airport was dedicated on November 1, 1936 as Berry Field, named after Col. Harry S. Berry, the Tennessee administrator for theWorks Progress Administration. It opened in June 1937 with much fanfare, including parades, anair show and an aerial bombardment display by the105th Aero Squadron, which was based at the field.[10] Passenger service began in mid-July through American Airlines and Eastern Airlines, both of which operatedDouglas DC-3s. The new airport had three asphalt runways, a three-story passenger terminal, acontrol tower, two hangars and a beacon, and was built at a cost of $1.2 million. In its first year, Berry Field served 189,000 passengers.[9][11][12]
Tennessee National Guard facilities at Berry Field during World War II
DuringWorld War II, the airfield was requisitioned by theUnited States Army Air ForcesAir Transport Command as the headquarters for the 4th Ferrying Command for movement of new aircraft overseas. During this time, the federal government expanded the airport to 1,500 acres (6.1 km2). At the end of the war, the airport was returned to the control of the city, with a number of facilities remaining for support of thetenant unit of the Tennessee National Guard.[11]
The airport had been enlarged by the military duringWorld War II, but in 1958 the city aviation department started planning to expand and modernize the airport.[11] In 1961, a new 145,000 square feet (13,500 m2) terminal opened byBriley Parkway, west of Runway 2L. In that year, the first jets at Berry Field, American Airlines 720/720Bs, began scheduled service, and the six airlines that served Nashville carried 532,790 passengers. These renovations also included expansion of an existing runway, with 2L/20R extended by 600 feet (180 m), and the construction of a new crosswind runway, 13/31.[11] In 1962, Nashville became the first municipal airport in the United States with a public reading room when theNashville Public Library opened a branch inside the terminal.[13]
By the 1970s, the airport was again in need of expansion and modernization. In 1973, the newly createdMetropolitan Nashville Airport Authority (MNAA) finalized a plan for the long-term growth of the airport; the plan included a new terminal and a new parallel runway acrossDonelson Pike to increase capacity by reducing time between takeoffs and landings.[11]
In the early 1980s, the MNAA commissioned Robert Lamb Hart, in association with the firm of Gresham, Smith and Partners, to design a modern terminal; construction began on the opposite side of the existing two crossing runways in 1984 and was completed in 1987. The new terminal had three main concourses and a smaller commuter concourse radiating from a distinctive three-story atrium.[9] An international wing was built in Concourse A, and the airport was renamed Nashville International Airport/Berry Field. Although the Berry Field name is rarely used, the airport's IATA code of BNA is short for Berry Field Nashville, and the military facilities at the airport are still commonly known by this name. In 1989, a new parallel runway (2R/20L) was opened for use.[11]
American Airlines announced in 1985 that it would establish a hub at Nashville, and it officially opened in 1986. The hub was intended to compete withDelta Air Lines,Eastern Air Lines andPiedmont Airlines for north–south traffic in the eastern United States.[14] Besides providing nonstop flights to many cities in the U.S. and Canada, American also operated a transatlantic flight from Nashville to London.[15][16] The American hub was touted as a selling point in bringing companies such asNissan andSaturn Corporation to the Nashville area. Nonetheless, the hub operated at a loss even during its heyday in the early 1990s, as did its similarly sized hub atRaleigh/Durham.[17]
American's service peaked in 1993 with 265 daily departures to 79 cities, after which flights were gradually scaled back until the hub closed in 1995.[15] American cited the aftermath of theearly 1990s recession and the lack of local passengers as reasons for the closure. In the aftermath of the hub closure,Southwest Airlines gradually filled the void by subleasing American's gates and seizing a majority of the Nashville market.[18][19]
In 2002,Embraer Aircraft Maintenance Services (EAMS) selected Nashville as the location for its Regional Airline Support Facility, which was built on the site of the demolished 1961 terminal building.[20]
In October 2006, the Nashville Metropolitan Airport Authority started an extensive renovation of the terminal building designed by Architectural Alliance ofMinneapolis and Thomas, Miller & Partners, PLLC, of Nashville,[21] the first since the terminal opened 19 years prior. The first phase of the project, completed in 2009, involved updating and expanding food and vending services, improving flight information systems and construction of a new consolidated security checkpoint for all terminals. The second phase, completed in 2011, involved the expansion of the ticketing and check-in areas, the construction and renovation of bathrooms and the renovation of the baggage-claim areas.[22] The renovated terminal was named the Robert C. H. Mathews Jr. Terminal in honor of a MNAA board chair in 2011.[11]
In addition to passenger amenities in the terminal and parking areas, the renovations included improvements to the airport's infrastructure. The largest project was the complete demolition and rebuilding of Runway 2L/20R, which was completed in August 2010. In addition to the rebuilding of Runway 2L/20R, Runway 2C/20C was closed from September through December 2010 for pavement and concrete rehabilitation. BNA's 91 acres (0.37 km2) of tarmac were also rehabilitated during this project after being funded entirely byAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act allotments.[23]
Beginning in the mid-2010s, the airport has seen rapid growth in the volume of passengers and flights.Southwest Airlines, long the dominant airline in Nashville, steadily expanded its operations and made the airport one of its top destinations, including opening a crew base in May 2024.[24] In May 2018,British Airways inaugurated nonstop service to London, restoring transatlantic service for the first time since American Airlines ended its London service in 1995.[25]
To accommodate growth, the Metro Nashville Airport Authority commenced two expansion programs in 2016, entitled BNA Vision and New Horizon, to overhaul and expand many facilities.[26] The BNA Vision upgrades consisted of expanding concourses, constructing a new international arrivals facility, building new parking garages and erecting a hotel.[27] New Horizon's upgrades will include additional concourse expansions, upgrading the baggage handling system and expanding the terminal roadway.[28] BNA Vision was mostly completed in 2023, and the hotel opened in March 2024.[29] New Horizon is scheduled to be completed in 2028.[28]
The airport has one terminal with five concourses and a total of 53 gates.[30] All uncleared international flights are processed in Concourse T. Gates C4-C11 are located on a satellite concourse.[31]
Concourse A is currently closed for reconstruction, and will reopen in 2028 with 16 gates.[32]
Berry Field Air National Guard Base (ANGB) was located on the premises of Nashville International Airport. Since 1937 it hosted the 118th Airlift Wing (AW). Berry Field faced the removal of its flying mission with theBRAC 2005 recommendation to realign its assets to other units. It initially averted this fate by taking on a new role as theC-130 International Training Center. The C-130s assigned to the unit were eventually transferred and the 118th AW became the 118th Wing, supporting unmanned aircraft operations.[33]
Approximately 1,500 personnel are assigned to both headquarters, Tennessee Air National Guard and to the 118 Air Wing at Berry Air National Guard Base. Approximately 400 are full-time Active Guard and Reserve (AGR) and Air Reserve Technician (ART) personnel, augmented by approximately 1100 traditional part-time air guardsmen.[33]
The last C-130 left Nashville in December 2012,[34] and on April 17, 2015, the firstUH-60 Blackhawk helicopters belonging to the Tennessee Army National Guard's 1/230th Air Cavalry Squadron relocated to what is now known as Joint Base Berry Field from Army Aviation Support Facility #1 inSmyrna, Tennessee.[35]
The airport is served byI-40, which has an eastbound exit and westbound entrance ramp to the terminal road. The airport can also be accessed via the Donelson Pike exit. Taxis and rideshares may be found in the Ground Transportation Center on Level 1 of Terminal Garage 2.[36]
TheWeGo Route 18 bus connects the airport to downtown.[37]
Nashville International Airport could eventually be connected to downtown Nashville via a light rail line, and the ongoing expansion allows for a connection to be made in the plaza on top of the parking garages.[38] Proposals forNashville–Atlanta passenger rail include a station stop at the airport.[39]
On January 1, 1947, a privately operatedDouglas C-47A on final approach crashed into a house less than a mile from the airport. There were no fatalities, but 16 passengers and crew and two people on the ground were injured.[106]
On September 28, 1963, an Eastern Air LinesDouglas DC-7 crashed on landing after the aircraft's nose gear collapsed. All 45 passengers and crew survived.[107]
On May 31, 1985, aGulfstream I crashed immediately after takeoff following the failure of the left engine. Both people on board were killed.[108]
On February 3, 1988,American Airlines Flight 132, anMD-83, suffered an in-flight fire on its way fromDallas Fort Worth International Airport to Nashville. The passengers and flight attendants noticed smoke emanating from the cargo hold as the flight approached Nashville. The pilots were notified, but no emergency was declared until after the plane had landed and pulled onto the taxiway. The plane was evacuated as firefighting vehicles arrived. There were 18 injuries to passengers, crew, firefighters and other personnel on the ground resulting from smoke inhalation and the evacuation procedure.[109]
On January 29, 1996, aUnited States NavyF-14 Tomcat fighter crashed shortly after takeoff. The jet struck a housing development and erupted into a fireball, killing the pilot and four individuals on the ground.[110]
On September 9, 1999, aTWAMcDonnell Douglas DC-9 suffered a landing-gear collapse after a hard touchdown. All 46 passengers and crew survived.[111]
On October 29, 2013, aCessna 172R departing fromWindsor International Airport inWindsor, Ontario, Canada deviated from its declared destination ofPelee Island Airport, flew south to Nashville and circled the airport for two hours before crashing on Runway 2C and bursting into flames, killing the sole occupant. The burned wreckage went unnoticed for nearly six hours, as it had been obscured by dense fog, before being spotted by another general aviation aircraft. TheNTSB investigation determined that the pilot, Michael Callan, was intoxicated at the time of the crash. Callan had falsely listed singerTaylor Swift as his next of kin and had written letters to her that caused investigators to believe that he had flown to Nashville to stalk her.[112][113]
On December 15, 2015,Southwest Airlines Flight 31, aBoeing 737-300 from Houston, exited the taxiway and rolled into a ditch shortly after landing in Nashville because of the collapse of thenosegear. All 138 passengers and crew were safely evacuated.[114]
On December 27, 2019, Southwest Airlines Flight 975, a Boeing 737-700 from Pittsburgh, sustained abird strike while on approach, damaging the wing and horizontal stabilizer. The aircraft was able to land without injuries and was later returned to service following repairs.[115]
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