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Nanded Nandigram | |
|---|---|
City | |
     _-_panoramio.jpg)  From top, left to right:Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Kaleshwar Mandir,Hazur Sahib, ChatrapatiShivaji Maharaj statue,Ambedkar statue, Freedom statue andGodavari River | |
| Nicknames: Nanditaṭa, Nandigrāma, City of Poets, City of Gurdwaras | |
  Nanded  Nanded | |
| Coordinates:19°09′N77°18′E / 19.15°N 77.30°E /19.15; 77.30 | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Maharashtra |
| Region | Marathwada |
| District | Nanded district |
| Founded by | Nanda Dynasty |
| Named after | Gurudwara |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Corporation |
| • Body | Nanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation |
| • Mayor | Vacant |
| • MLAs | |
| Area | |
• Total | 63.22 km2 (24.41 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 362 m (1,188 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 550,439 |
| • Rank | 2nd (Marathwada) 79th (India) |
| • Density | 8,707/km2 (22,550/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Nandedkar |
| Language | |
| • Official | Marathi |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN CODE | 431601 to 606 |
| Telephone code | 02462 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-MH |
| Vehicle registration | MH-26 |
| Gross domestic product | IN₹ 21,257.00crores (2013)[2] |
| Website | nwcmc |
Nanded is a city inMaharashtra state, India. It is thetenth largest city in the state and theseventy-ninth most populated city in India. It is the second largest city in Marathwada region. It is the district headquarters ofNanded district.
Guru Gobind Singh established camp in Nanded and the Gurgaddi was transferred from him to Guru Granth Sahib. One of thePanj Takhts of Sikhi,Hazur Sahib is located in the city of Nanded. It was here thatGuru Gobind Singh initiated Madho Daas whom becameBanda Singh Bahadur one of the famous leaders of theKhalsa Panth whom played a role during the downfall of theMughal Empire.
Nanded is located on the banks of riverGodavari in west-central India. Nanded district bordersLatur district,Parbhani district andHingoli district to the west andYavatmal district to the north. The district is bordered by theNizamabad,Kamareddy,Nirmal andAdilabad districts of Telangana state to the east andBidar district of Karnataka state to the south.
Nanded has two parts: Old Nanded 20.62 square kilometres (7.96 sq mi) occupies the north bank of theGodavari river; New Nanded, to the south of the river, 31.14 square kilometres (12.02 sq mi) encompasses Waghala and neighbourhoods.
From acopper plate inscription found atWashim, a town approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) north of Nanded, archaeologists deduce the city was formerly known asNanditaṭa (Marathi:नंदितट).[citation needed] Another name wasNandigrāma.[3][better source needed] Folklore suggests that the name "Nanded" developed fromNandi theVahana ofShiva. Shiva was said to have performed penance on the banks (Taṭa) of the Godavari river. This "Nandi-taṭa" later became "Nanded".[citation needed]
In the 1st century CE, power in the area lay with theAndhrabhrtyas andSatvahanas.[4] In the 5th and 4th centuries BCE, Nanded was ruled by theNanda dynasty. In the 3rd century BCE (about 272 to 231 BCE), it was part of theMaurya Empire underAshoka. Local irrigation practices and Nanded itself are recorded in the treatise,Leela Charitra (late 1200s CE).[5] Nanded was the birthplace of three Marathi poet-saints—Vishnupant Shesa, Raghunath Shesa, and Vaman Pandit[6] Construction ofKandhar Fort, located inKandhar, is attributed to theRashtrakuta kingKrishna III ofMalkheda who ruled around 10th century CE.
From 1636, Nanded was the centre of governance of Nizam State, which included parts of present-dayTelangana andKarnataka, and was an imperial province of theMughalBadshah (emperor)Shah Jahan. In 1657, Nanded merged into Bidah Subah.Guru Nanak (1469 – 1539 CE) passed through Nanded on his way toSri Lanka.Guru Gobind Singh (1666 – 1708 CE) arrived in Nanded with theMughal emperorBahadur Shah I (1643 – 1712 CE) near the end of August in 1707 CE. When Bahadur Shah moved on toGolconda, Guru Gobind Singh remained in Nanded. Guru Gobind Singh proclaimed he was the last (tenth) living guru and established the sacred text, theGuru Granth Sahib as an eternal "living" leader. Guru Gobind Singh died without alineal descendant due to themartyrdom of his four sons.[7][8]
In 1725, Nanded became part ofHyderabad State.[4] In about 1835,MaharajaRanjit Singh commissioned the construction of agurdwara at Nanded with the financial aid ofSikander Jah (3rdNizam of hyderabad)[9][10] It was built on the site of Guru Gobind Singh'scremation. The gurdwara is part of theHazur Sahib.
After Indiagained independence in 1947, theIndian Armed Forces annexed Hyderabad and ended the rule of the Nizam inOperation Polo,[11] making Nanded part of thenew Hyderabad State. Nanded remained part of the Hyderabad state until 1956 when it was included in theBombay Presidency.
On 1 May 1960,Maharashtra state was created on a linguistic basis and the Marathi dominant Nanded district became part of Maharashtra.[12][13] In December 2022, 25 Nanded district villages renewed their demand to merge withTelangana.[14]
Nanded urban area is 63.22 square kilometres (24.41 sq mi).[15] Nanded is built on the Deccan Traps lava flows of the upper cretaceous to lower eocene eras. The lava flows are overlain by thin alluvial deposits. The lava flows are horizontal and each flow has two distinct units. The highly weathered vesicular trap and underlying weathered jointed and fractured massive trap constitutes the main water-yielding zones. The soil is mostly formed from igneous rocks and are black, medium black, shallow and calcareous types having different depths and profiles.[citation needed]Godavari River passes through the city.
Nanded has atropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw) bordering ahot semi-arid climate (BSh).
| Climate data for Nanded (1991–2020, extremes 1960–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 36.6 (97.9) | 40.0 (104.0) | 43.0 (109.4) | 46.0 (114.8) | 46.6 (115.9) | 46.7 (116.1) | 40.3 (104.5) | 39.0 (102.2) | 38.2 (100.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 36.0 (96.8) | 46.7 (116.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.0 (87.8) | 33.4 (92.1) | 37.1 (98.8) | 40.6 (105.1) | 40.7 (105.3) | 36.6 (97.9) | 32.1 (89.8) | 30.8 (87.4) | 32.1 (89.8) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.5 (86.9) | 34.0 (93.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) | 15.2 (59.4) | 19.0 (66.2) | 23.6 (74.5) | 25.7 (78.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.2 (73.8) | 22.7 (72.9) | 22.4 (72.3) | 20.1 (68.2) | 16.5 (61.7) | 13.1 (55.6) | 20.3 (68.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 6.4 (43.5) | 10.4 (50.7) | 13.4 (56.1) | 17.0 (62.6) | 17.4 (63.3) | 15.2 (59.4) | 12.0 (53.6) | 14.2 (57.6) | 11.2 (52.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.6 (38.5) | 3.6 (38.5) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 3.3 (0.13) | 7.7 (0.30) | 5.9 (0.23) | 4.3 (0.17) | 10.5 (0.41) | 154.2 (6.07) | 217.5 (8.56) | 214.2 (8.43) | 138.5 (5.45) | 57.7 (2.27) | 8.1 (0.32) | 1.7 (0.07) | 823.5 (32.42) |
| Average rainy days | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 7.4 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 44.0 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 37 | 31 | 30 | 23 | 27 | 49 | 64 | 68 | 60 | 48 | 39 | 38 | 44 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[16][17][18] | |||||||||||||
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 48.05% | |||
| Islam | 33.59% | |||
| Buddhism | 15.35% | |||
| Sikhism | 2.00% | |||
| Jainism | 0.53% | |||
| Other or not stated | 0.48% | |||
As of the[update]2011 census, Nanded had a population of 550,564. The municipality had a gender ratio of 924 females per 1,000 males. 12.4 percent of the population were under six years old. Effectiveliteracy was 87.40 percent. 81.74 percent of women were literate. Male literacy was 92.68 percent.[20]
Hinduism is the largest religion, practiced by nearly half the population. A third of the population practices Islam and 15% are Buddhist. 2% are Sikh, one of the few Deccani towns where Sikhism is a relatively large religion.
Marathi is the largest language, spoken by 56% of the population. Urdu is the second-largest language, spoken by 29% of the population and Hindi is spoken by 9% of the population.[21]
Nanded lies onNH 61 (Kalyan–Ahmednagar–Parbhani–Nanded–Nirmal),NH 361 (Nagpur–Wardha-Yavatmal–Nanded-Latur–Solapur–Sangli–Kolhapur–Ratnagiri) andNH 161 (Akola–Washim–Hingoli–Nanded–Degloor–Sangareddy). MSRTC buses connect Nanded to many cities of the Maharashtra state. TSRTC buses connect Nanded to some cities of the Telangana state.
Hazur Sahib Nanded railway station is located on theSecunderabad–Manmad line ofNanded railway division of theSouth Central Railway Zone (SCR). Nanded railway division is one of the three railway divisions underSouth Central Railway zone ofIndian Railways. Around 48 trains arrive and depart each day from this station.[22]Maltekdi railway station is another railway station serving city of Nanded.
Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport operates flights to Delhi, Jodhpur, Bangalore, Pune, Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Hyderabad. Star Airways operates the flights.
Crops grown around Nanded include cotton, bananas, sugarcane, mangoes, soya beans, sweet limes, Grapes, Papaya, andsorghum (jawar). Nanded has a Regional Cotton Research Center to support the Cotton-growing industry. There is an agricultural school operational under the aegis of Krishi Vidyapeeth of Parbhani.
Tourism is supported by 10 million annual visitors who are mostly religious pilgrims.
On 17 September 1994, theSwami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University (SRTMU) was established in Nanded after a restructuring of theMarathwada University in Aurangabad. The university supervises the educational activities in senior colleges in four districts of Marathwada division.
Notable educational institutions in Nanded include theDr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College andShri Guru Gobind Singhji Institute of Engineering and Technology.
The city of Nanded is managed by theNanded-Waghala Municipal Corporation (NWCMC). The corporation consists of 81 democratically elected members. TheMunicipal Commissioner is the Chief Executive of the corporation.
Nanded Fort, also known as Nandgiri Fort is located on the banks of the Godavari River. The Godavari River encircles the fort on three sides. The fort has been converted into a garden to attract tourists. There is a water tank constructed in the fort.
TheVedic rituals are regularly performed on the ghats ofGodavari River which include Urvashi Ghat, Ram Ghat, and Govardhan Ghat.[23][24]
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